• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2005

Kusukawa and Ohta presented the $CS_{CQ-r}$ chart to monitor the process defect $rate{\lambda}$ in high-yield processes that is derived from the count of defects. The $CS_{CQ-r}$ chart is more sensitive to $monitor{\lambda}$ than the CQ (Cumulative Quantity) chart proposed by Chan et al.. As a more superior chart in high-yield processes, we propose a Synthetic chart that is the integration of the CQ_-r chart and the $CS_{CQ-r}$chart. The quality characteristic of both charts is the number of units y required to observe r $({\geq}2)$ defects. It is assumed that this quantity is an Erlang random variable from the property that the quality characteristic of the CQ chart follows the exponential distribution. In use of the proposed Synthetic chart, the process is initially judged as either in-control or out-of-control by using the $CS_{CQ-r}$chart. If the process was not judged as in-control by the $CS_{CQ-r}$chart, the process is successively judged by using the $CQ_{-r}$chart to confirm the judgment of the $CS_{CQ-r}$chart. Through comparisons of ARL (Average Run Length), the proposed Synthetic chart is more superior to monitor the process defect rate in high-yield processes to the stand-alone $CS_{CQ-r}$ chart.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2011

Using the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability method of functional equations, we investigate homomorphisms in proper $CQ^*$-algebras and proper Lie $CQ^*$-algebras, and derivations on proper $CQ^*$-algebras and proper Lie $CQ^*$-algebras associated with the following functional equation $$\frac{1}{k}f(kx+ky+kz)=f(x)+f(y)+f(z)$$ for a fixed positive integer $k$.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

Autophagy is a homeostatic degradation process that is involved in tumor development and normal development. Autophagy is induced in cancer cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents, and inhibition of autophagy results in enhanced cancer cell death or survival. Chloroquine (CQ), an anti-malarial drug, is a lysosomotropic agent and is currently used as a potential anticancer agent as well as an autophagy inhibitor. Here, we evaluate the characteristics of these dual activities of CQ using human colorectal cancer cell line HCT15. The results show that CQ inhibited cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manner in the range between 20 to 80 uM, while CQ did not show any antiproliferative activity at 5 and 10 uM. Cotreatment of CQ with antitumor agent NVP-BEZ235, a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, rescued the cell viability at low concentrations meaning that CQ acted as an autophagy inhibitor, but CQ induced the lethal effect at high concentrations. Acridine orange staining revealed that CQ at high doses induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). High doses of CQ produced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cotreatment of antioxidants, such as NAC and trolox, with high doses of CQ rescued the cell viability. These results suggest that CQ may exert its dual activities, as autophagy inhibitor or LMP inducer, in concentration-dependent manner.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2016

We use both theoretical analysis and simulations to study the impact of crosspoint-queued (CQ) buffer size on CQ switch throughput and delay performance under different traffic models, input loads, and scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we present the following. 1) We prove the stability of CQ switch using any work-conserving scheduling algorithm. 2) We present an exact closed-form formula for the CQ switch throughput and a non-closed-form but convergent formula for its delay using static non-work-conserving random scheduling algorithms with any given buffer size under independent Bernoulli traffic. 3) We show that the above results can serve as a conservative guide on deciding the required buffer size in pure CQ switches using work-conserving algorithms such as the random scheduling, under independent Bernoulli traffic. 4) Furthermore, our simulation results under real-trace traffic show that simple round-robin and random work-conserving algorithms can achieve quite good throughput and delay performance with a feasible crosspoint buffer size. Our work reveals the impact of buffer size on the CQ switch performance and provides a theoretical guide on designing the buffer size in pure CQ switch, which is an important step toward building ultra-high-speed switch fabrics.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

치과용 가시광선 중합형 복합수지의 광중합효율을 높이기 위해 2종의 새로운 액체형 amine 개시제인 MA, MPT와 현재 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 개시제인 AEM을 CQ, PD, DA에 각각 첨가하고 UDMA의 광중합효율을 알아본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사시간이 증가됨에 따라 amine 개시제의 종류에 관계없이 광중합효율이 점차 증가되었으며, 약 60초까지 조사였을 때에는 광중합효율이 급격히 증가되었으나 그 이상 조사하여도 광중합효율이 크게 증가되지 않았다. 2. AEM, MA와 MPT를 사용하였을 경우 모두 CQ > PD > DA의 순으로 광중합효율이 우수하게 나타났으나 AEM을 사용하였을 때 PD와 CQ는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. CQ의 광중합효율은 새로운 광개시제인 MA와 MPT를 사용하였을 때가 범용으로 사용되고 있는 amine 개시제인 AEM을 사용하였을 경우보다 중합효율이 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 4. PD의 광중합효율은 MA와 함께 사용하였을 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으나 AEM의 경우와 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 5. 이상의 결과로부터 MA와 CQ 및 PD를 함께 사용한 새로운 광중합시스템이 광중합효율을 높이는데 효율적인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2020

Combination therapy using chloroquine (CQ) and azithromycin (AZM) has drawn great attention due to its potential anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials have revealed that the co-administration of CQ and AZM resulted in severe side effects, including cardiac arrhythmia, in patients with COVID-19. To elucidate the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ and AZM, we examined the effects of these drugs based on the electrophysiological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using multi-electrode arrays. CQ treatment significantly increased the field potential duration, which corresponds to prolongation of the QT interval, and decreased the spike amplitude, spike slope, and conduction velocity of hESC-CMs. AZM had no significant effect on the field potentials of hESC-CMs. However, CQ in combination with AZM greatly increased the field potential duration and decreased the beat period and spike slope of hESC-CMs when compared with CQ monotherapy. In support of the clinical data suggesting the cardiovascular side effects of the combination therapy of CQ and AZM, our results suggest that AZM reinforces the cardiotoxicity induced by CQ in hESC-CMs.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2009

치과용 가시광선 종합형 복합수지의 광중합효율을 높이기 위해 합성한 bis-GMA 레진에 2종의 새로운 광중감제인 PD, DA를 넣고 현재 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 광중감제인 CQ와 조사시간 및 광중감제의 양을 증가시키며 광중합효율을 비교한 결과 다음과 간은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Bis-GMA의 합성여부를 적외선 흡수 분광법, 핵자기공명 흡수법 등 분광학적인 방법으로 확인하였으며 핵자기 공명 흡수법으로 확인한 결과 이성질체가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 2. 조사시간이 증가됨에 따라 광중감제의 종류에 관계없이 광중합효율이 점차 증가되었으며, 약 60초까지 조사였을 때에는 광중합효율이 급격히 증가되었으나 그 이상 조사하여도 광중합효율이 크게 증가되지 않았다. 3. 같은 시간 조사하였을 경우 대체적으로 광중합효율이 증가되었으나 CQ와 DA의 경우는 3.0 mol% 첨가하였을 때에 비해 6.0 mol% 첨가되었을 때의 광중합효율이 오히려 더 낮게 나타나는 양상을 보였다. 4. 같은 시간동안 조사하고, 같은 양의 광중감제를 첨가하였을 경우 DA < CQ < PD 순으로 광중합효율이 높게 나타나서 CQ에 비해 PD를 첨가하였을 때의 광중합효율이 높게 나타났다. 5. 이상의 결과로부터 PD가 CQ를 대체할 수 있는 효율이 좋은 새로운 광중감제로서 사용될 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know the availability of two photosensitizers, PD, DA, as a photosensitizer instead of CQ in UDMA dental composite resin. We want to know photopolymerization effect of UDMA unfilled resin and surface hardness of composite resin containing PD and DA were compared with those of CQ, most widely used photosensitizer for dental composite resins. Methods: The photopolymerization effect of UDMA studied by FT-IR spectroscopy increased with irradiation time and the amount of photosensitizer. Knoop hardness of experimental composite resins prepared by the addition of the photosensitizer content and irradiation time. Results: The relative photopolymerization effect of UDMA increased in the order of PD > CQ > DA. The composite resin of UDMA containing DA or PD, which shows better Knoop hardness than that containing CQ. Conclusion: PD and DA show as effective photosensizers, suitable for UDMA dental composite resin compare with a higher efficiency than CQ.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.853-871
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• 2011

In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the following additive functional inequality: ${\parallel}f(2x)+f(2y)+2f(z){\parallel}\;{\leq}\;{\parallel}2f(x+y+z){\parallel}$ We investigate homomorphisms in proper $CQ^*$-algebras and derivations on proper $CQ^*$-algebras associated with the additive functional inequality (0.1).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2002

The photopolymerization efficiency and surface hardness of composite resin containing 1,2-phenylpropanedione (PD) and diacetyl (DA) as photoinitiators were studied by IR and Vickers hardness and the results were compared with that of camphorquinone (CQ). Relative photopolymerization efficiency of the photoinitiators increased in the order of DA < CQ < PD. Vickers hardness of composite resin containing the photoinitiators increased in the order of CQ < PD < DA. Thus, PD is a new visible light photoinitiator for dental composite resin with higher photopolymerization efficiency and surface hardness than that of CQ. Mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness, diametral tensile strength, and flexural strength of the experimental resin composite prepared by addition of the photosensitizer into a resin of bis-GMA improved with increasing the photosensitizer content and irradiation time. The resin composite of bis-GMA containing DA or PD shows better mechanical properties than that of CQ.