• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

CPS (cyber-physical systems) which consists of connected and diverse embedded systems and physical systems are a new paradigm. Traditional systems were usually considered to be passive and dumb parts in physical systems, but with CPS, we have to take into account what are being moved or changed in the physical systems. So, as increasing the complexity of CPS, potential errors in the systems also increase. In this paper, for enhancing the reliability of CPS, we exploit an executable-model-based design methodology and propose a distributed simulation method to verify the design of CPS. For the design of the systems including discrete and continuous factors, we apply DEV&DESS formalism and simulate models in distributed simulation environments through DDS middleware. We also illustrate the applications of CPS with our modeling tool.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

This study explored the security of Industry 4.0 such as security trends and security threats in Industry 4.0, and security system in Industry 4.0. The threat elements in Industry 4.0 are changing from ICT to IoT and to CPS security, so security paradigm and security System should change accordingly. In particular, environmental and administrative security are more important to solve CPS security. The fourth industry-age security should change to customized security for individual systems, suggesting that the security technology that combines hardware and software in product production design should change from the beginning of development. The security system of the fourth industry proposes design and implementation as a CPS security system as a security system that can accommodate various devices and platforms from a security system in a single system such as a network to an individual system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.232-242
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• 2021

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe infectious disease of apple whose infective area is growing gradually and thus poses a huge economic threat to the world. Different species of Colletotrichum including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are responsible for GLS. For efficient GLS control, it is important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. gloeosporioides interact. Arginine is among one of the several types of amino acids, which plays crucial role in biochemical and physiological functions of fungi. The arginine biosynthesis pathway involved in virulence among plant pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, CgCPS1 gene encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis has been identified and inactivated experimentally. To assess the effects of CgCPS1, we knocked out CgCPS1 in C. gloeosporioides and evaluated its effects on virulence and stress tolerance. The results showed that deletion of CgCPS1 resulted in loss of pathogenicity. The ∆cgcps1 mutants showed slow growth rate, defects in appressorium formation and failed to develop lesions on apple leaves and fruits leading to loss of virulence while complementation strain (CgCPS1-C) fully restored its pathogenicity. Furthermore, mutant strains showed extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress displaying that CgCPS1 plays a vital role in stress response. These findings suggest that CgCPS1 is major factor that mediates pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides by encoding carbamoyl phosphate that is involved in arginine biosynthesis and conferring virulence in C. gloeosporioides.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.102-119
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• 2021

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, using a fully automated facial shape analysis system, we show that facial morphological features are associated with cold pattern. Methods: The facial morphological features calculated from 68 facial landmarks included the angles, areas, and distances between the landmark points of each part of the face. Cold pattern severity was determined using a questionnaire and the cold pattern scores (CPS) were used for analysis. The association between facial features and CPS was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficients. Results: The upper chin width and the lower chin width were negatively associated with CPS. The distance from the center point to the middle jaw and the distance from the center point to the lower jaw were negatively associated with CPS. The angle of the face outline near the ear and the angle of the chin line were positively associated with CPS. The area of the upper part of the face and the area of the face except the sensory organs were negatively associated with CPS. The number of facial morphological features that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with CPS was 37 (unadjusted). Conclusions: In this study of a Korean population, subjects with a high CPS had a more pointed chin, longer face, more angular jaw, higher eyes, and more upward corners of the mouth, and their facial sensory organs were relatively widespread.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.347-357
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• 2013

Cyber-Physical system(CPS) is characterized by collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities. In CPS, human desire to acquire useful information and control devices anytime and anywhere automatically has increased the necessity of a high reliable system. However, the physical world where CPS is deployed has management complexity and maintenance cost of 'CPS', so that it is impossible to make reliable systems. Thus, this paper presents an 'Autonomic Control System towards High-reliable Cyber-Physical Systems' that comprise 8-steps including 'fault analysis', 'fault event analysis', 'fault modeling', 'fault state interpretation', 'fault strategy decision', 'fault detection', 'diagnosis&reasoning' and 'maneuver execution'. Through these activities, we fascinate to design and implement 'Autonomic control system' than before. As a proof of the approach, we used a ISR(Intelligent Service Robot) for case study. The experimental results show that it achieves to detect a fault event for autonomic control of 'CPS'.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2015

This paper presents a system-of-systems (SoS) approach to the formal modeling of a cyber-physical system (CPS) for simulation-based analysis. The approach is based on a convergence technology for modeling and simulation of a highly complex system in which SoS modeling methodology, hybrid systems modeling theory, and simulation interoperation technology are merged. The methodology maps each constituent system of a CPS to a disparate model of either continuous or discrete types. The theory employs two formalisms for modeling of the two model types with formal specification of interfaces between them. Finally, the technology adapts a simulation bus called DEVS BUS whose protocol synchronizes time and exchange messages between subsystems simulation. Benefits of the approach include reusability of simulation models and environments, and simulation-based analysis of subsystems of a CPS in an inter-relational manner.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

최근 CPS(Cyber-Physical Systems)는 IoT(Internet of Things), 빅데이터 기술과 함께 미래 전력산업의 핵심 키워드로 등장하고 있다. CPS는 산업의 중심이 하드웨어에서 소프트웨어로 빠르게 전환하고 있는 현시점에서 기존의 물리시스템 혹은 물리프로세스를 효율적이고 안전하며 지능적으로 만들고 운영하기 위한 기술이다. 지난 2007년 미국을 중심으로 기술개발이 시작된 이래 다시금 새로운 전환기를 맞이하고 있다. 미국은 지난 2013년 제 2기 PIF(Presidential Innovation Fellow)의 주도로 SmartAmerica Challenge라는 이름으로 새로운 가치와 일자리 창출을 위한 국민생활 밀착형 대규모 CPS 융합 프로그램을 추진 중이다. 이를 통해 미국은 학술적이고 이론적인 CPS R&D 전략으로부터 보다 현실적으로 국부를 창출할 수 있는 개방형 R&BD형의 CPS 기술발전을 모색하고 있다. 본고에서는 CPS의 태동 배경으로부터 최근 SmartAmerica Challenge에 이르는 전반적인 CPS 기술동향을 조망하고 향후 우리의 나아갈 바를 제언하는 것으로 글을 맺고자 한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1998

Capsular polysaccharides (CPs) from Streeptococcus pneumoniae were examined for the ability to induce secretory responses in a pure population of peritoneal macrophages. The highly purified CPs were able to affect the macrophage, ie, secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) and nitrite. As after stimulation with CPs, secretion of TNF-u induced by these CPs reached its maximum within the first few hours of the interaction, while secretion of nitrite was increased with time. In addition, production of TNF-$\alpha$ and nitrite was increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of indomethacin, CP-stimulated TNF-$\alpha$ production was not altered. In contrast, LPS with indomethacin stimulated 24.5% more TNF-$\alpha$ than LPS alone, suggesting that the intracellular signaling processes for TNF production are differentially stimulated by CP and LPS. The results demonstrate that CPs are potent inducer of macrophage secretory activities.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.255-265
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• 2012

A cyber-physical system(CPS) is a collection of cyber and physical components that interact with each other to achieve a particular application. Here, the CPS is emerged the reliability and security problems. Particularly, the defect of reliability in the data/control transmission under the CPS can lead to serious damage. We discuss the reliability and security problem on CPS architecture. Then we would suggest the considerations of cyber security in industrial control systems built with CPS.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2007

COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) is a geosynchronous satellite and has been developing by KARI and Astrium for Ka-band communication, ocean observation and meteorological observation. COMS Chemical Propulsion System (CPS) uses a bipropellant propulsion subsystem, which is applied for transferring COMS from GTO to GEO (mission orbit) and implementing station-keeping manoeuvres. In this paper COMS CPS is briefly introduced for understanding. A few of mathematical thermodynamic modelings of bipropellant propulsion system in literatures are reviewed and authors has studied those models for developing a computer program, which predicts variations of thermodynamic properties such as temperature and pressure histories in the helium pressurant tank, MMH propellant tank and NTO propellant tank during LAE firing and on-orbit manoeuvrings. The CPS thermodynamic model may be used to compute pressurant and propellant masses and to size tank volumes.