• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.642-649
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) among adolescents in a metropolis of Korea. A total of 119 students in 1st grade in middle school and 1st grade in high school participated in this cross-sectional study. Oral examination was conducted by two trained dentists to collect in for mation about Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). OHRQoL was evaluated by short-form of OHIP-14. Wilcoxon correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between oral health status and OHRQoL. All data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and the significance level was set at 0.05. The average of OHIP-14 score in adolescents having no dental caries ($17.88{\pm}5.13$) was higher than those having more than one DMFT index ($19.75{\pm}7.16$). The average of OHIP-14 score in adolescents having bleeding observed ($20.21{\pm}8.01$) was higher than those having more than calculus detected ($18.66{\pm}5.65$). The level of OHRQoL was higher in the participants perceiving better oral health condition compared to those perceiving poorer condition (p<0.05). The result of this study could provide the information that OHRQoL from adolescents positively associated with self-assessed oral health status than oral health with DMFT and CPI. Further studies are needed to well-designed follow-up studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women. Methods: The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (${\beta}=.27$, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (${\beta}=.45$, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (${\beta}=.20$, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (${\beta}=-.30$, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (${\beta}=.17$, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.653-682
• /
• 2007

In this study, multi-sectoral partial equilibrium and computable general equilibrium models of Taiwan are used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of energy price increases on overall economies and agro-food sector in Taiwan. The results suggest that agricultural prices, production cost would increase between 0.27% to 1.88%, and a reduction in GDP around 0.39% to 0.54 %. The negative impact on livestock sector is slightly higher than that on the crop sector. Negative impacts are also observed in the employment and wages. The rising oil price has the potential to discourage production of energy-intensive activity because of the possibility of substitution and adaptations. The growth rate of real GDP will shrink by 0.64% to 1.06% and CPI will increase by 1.17% to 1,95%. Both the agriculture and non-agricultural sector also respond by raising output prices by 0.80% to 1.33%. The rising international oil price has urged the government to take policy actions like using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and adopting measures to cut down on energy consumptions mainly in transportation sectors in response to public concern over economic shocks.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2011

Diabetes is a well-known independent risk factor for vascular disease. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. It has been reported that increased influx of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) induces O-GlcNAcylation of proteins, leading to insulin resistance. In this study, we determined whether or not O-GlcNAc modification of proteins could increase vessel contraction. Using an endothelium-denuded aortic ring, we observed that glucosamine induced OGlcNAcylation of proteins and augmented vessel contraction stimulated by U46619, a thromboxane $A_2$ agonist, via augmentation of the phosphorylation of MLC20$MLC_{20}$, MYPT1(Thr855), and CPI17, but not phenylephrine. Pretreatment with OGT inhibitor significantly ameliorated glucosamine-induced vessel constriction. Glucosamine treatment also increased RhoA activity, which was also attenuated by OGT inhibitor. In conclusion, glucosamine, a product of glucose influx via the HBP in a diabetic state, increases vascular contraction, at least in part, through activation of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, which may be due to O-GlcNAcylation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2017

We evaluated the association between sleep duration, dental caries, and periodontitis by using representative nationwide data. We examined 8,356 subjects aged ${\geq}19$ years who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2014). Sleep duration were grouped into ${\leq}5$, 6, 7, 8, and ${\geq}9$ hours. Presence of dental caries was defined as caries in ${\geq}1$ permanent tooth on dental examination. Periodontal status was assessed by using the community periodontal index (CPI), and a CPI code of ${\geq}3$ was defined as periodontitis. A chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine statistical significance. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex, model 2 for household income, educational level, and marital status plus model 1, and model 3 for smoking status, alcohol consumption, blood pressure level, fasting blood glucose level, total cholesterol level, and body mass index plus model 2. The prevalence of dental caries according to sleep duration showed a U-shaped curve of 33.4%, 29.4%, 28.4%, 29.4%, and 31.8% with ${\leq}5$, 6, 7, 8, and ${\geq}9$ hours of sleep, respectively. In the fully adjusted model 3, the risk of developing dental caries was significantly higher with ${\leq}5$ than with 7 hours of sleep (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.06~1.43). The prevalence of periodontitis according to sleep duration showed a U-shaped curve of 34.4%, 28.6%, 28.1%, 31.3%, and 32.5%, respectively. The risk of periodontitis was significantly higher with ${\geq}9$ than with 7 hours of sleep in models 1 and 2, whereas the significant association disappeared in model 3. In a nationally representative sample, sleep duration was significantly associated with dental caries formation and weakly associated with periodontitis. Adequate sleep is required to prevent oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2010

According to IPCC 4th Assessment Report, concentration of carbon dioxide has been increasing by 30% since Industrial Revolution. Most of IPCC $CO_2$ emission scenarios estimate that the concentration will reach up to double of its present level within 100-year if the current tendency continues. The global warming has resulted in the agro-climate change over the Korean Peninsula as well. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the future agro-climate induced by the increase of greenhouse gases in terms of the agro-climatic indices in the Korean peninsula. In this study, the future climate is simulated by an atmosphere/ocean/land surface/sea ice coupled general circulation climate model, Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model(hereafter, PNU CGCM), and by a regional weather prediction model, Weather Research and Forecasting Model(hereafter, WRF) for the purpose of a dynamical downscaling. The changes of the vegetable period and the crop growth period, defined as the total number of days of a year exceeding daily mean temperature of 5 and 10, respectively, have been analyzed. Our results estimate that the beginning date of vegetable and crop growth periods get earlier by 3.7 and 17 days, respectively, in spring under the $CO_2$-doubled climate. In most of the Korean peninsula, the predicted frost days in spring decrease by 10 days. Climatic production index (CPI), which closely represent the productivity of rice, tends to increase in the double $CO_2$ climate. Thus, it is suggested that the future $CO_2$ doubled climate might be favorable for crops due to the decrease of frost days in spring, and increased temperature and insolation during the heading date as we expect from the increased CPI.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.27-63
• /
• 2007

Using the CGE model, this paper investigates economic impacts of a shortage in crude oil resulting from voluntary export restraints, OPEC's agreement of a cut in oil production, and/or a storing on speculation. Unlike most previous studies considering oil price as the unpredictable variable, this study constructs the model to determine the oil price endogenously under the condition of an insufficient supply of crude oil. According to IEA's extraordinary steps for a shortage of crude oil, we investigate an economic impact of 7~12% shortage below the level of business as usual. The results show that oil price soars by 17.3~33.5%, the rate of economic growth falls by 0.52~0.96%p, and the consumer price index(CPI) rises by 0.8~1.51%p. These results imply that increasing in 1%p of oil price results in decreasing in 0.03%p of economic growth and increasing in 0.045%p of consumer price index. The production of electricity declines because of the increase in production cost. A shortage of crude oil has an effect on sources of electricity. Most reduction in electricity generation occurs from the reduction in the thermal power generation which is highly dependent on crude oil. The shortage of crude oil causes demand for petroleum to significantly decline but demand for coal and heat to increase because of the substitution effect with petroleum. Demand for gas rise in the first year but falls from the second year.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2003

Background : The hospital-acquired pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection. Recently, the Acinetobacter baummannii infections are rapidly increasing, especially the frequency of Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii. Therefore we assessed clinical features and prognosis of patients in the ICU with Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii from the sputum culture using the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score(CPIS). Method : The medical records of 43 patients with Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii from sputum culture who were suspected had clinically pneumonia and admitted to the ICU from January 2000 to July 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : 19 patients were CPIS greater than 6 and 24 patients were CPIS less than or equal to 6. Mean age for the former was $71{\pm}11$ years old, and the latter was $61{\pm}19$ years old. The mean APACHE II score on admission and on sputum study was not different between two groups($17.4{\pm}5.7$ vs $18.5{\pm}6.1$, p=0.553, $20{\pm}6$ vs $17{\pm}8$, p=0.078). But the mortality rate was 73.7% for the former, and 16.7% for the latter(p<0.001). Conclusion : In ICU patients who had clinically suspected pneumonia with sputum culture positive for Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii, the mortality was significantly higher if CPIS was greater than 6.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.287-297
• /
• 2001

Contraction of smooth muscle is initiated by an increase in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ leading to activation of $Ca^{2+}$/ calmodulin-dependnet myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and phosphorylation of MLC. The types of contraction and signaling mechanisms mediating contraction differ depending on the region. The involvement of these different mechanisms varies depending on the source of $Ca^{2+}$ and the kinetic of $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization. $Ca^{2+}$ mobilizing agonists stimulate different phospholipases $(PLC-{\beta},\;PLD\;and\;PLA_2)$ to generate one or more $Ca^{2+}$ mobilizing messengers $(IP_3\;and\;AA),$ and diacylglycerol (DAG), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). The relative contributions of $PLC-{\beta},\;PLA_2$ and PLD to generate second messengers vary greatly between cells and types of contraction. In smooth muscle cell derived form the circular muscle layer of the intestine, preferential hydrolysis of $PIP_2$ and generation of $IP_3$ and $IP_3-dependent\;Ca^{2+}$ release initiate the contraction. In smooth muscle cells derived from longitudinal muscle layer of the intestine, preferential hydrolysis of PC by PLA2, generation of AA and AA-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ influx, cADP ribose formation and $Ca^{2+}-induced\;Ca^{2+}$ release initiate the contraction. Sustained contraction, however, in both cell types is mediated by $Ca^{2+}-independent$ mechanism involving activation of $PKC-{\varepsilon}$ by DAG derived form PLD. A functional linkage between $G_{13},$ RhoA, ROCK, $PKC-{\varepsilon},$ CPI-17 and MLC phosphorylation in sustained contraction has been implicated. Contraction of normal esophageal circular muscle (ESO) in response to acetylcholine (ACh) is linked to $M_2$ muscarinic receptors activating at least three intracellular phospholipases, i.e. phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), phospholipase D (PLD) and the high molecular weight (85 kDa) cytosolic phospholipase $A_2\;(cPLA_2)$ to induce phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism, production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and arachidonic acid (AA), resulting in activation of a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. In contrast, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) contraction induced by maximally effective doses of ACh is mediated by muscarinic $M_3$ receptors, linked to pertussis toxin-insensitive GTP-binding proteins of the $G_{q/11}$ type. They activate phospholipase C, which hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate $(PIP_2),$ producing inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate $(IP_3)$ and DAG. $IP_3$ causes release of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and formation of a $Ca^{2+}$-calmodulin complex, resulting in activation of myosin light chain kinase and contraction through a calmodulin-dependent pathway.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.949-961
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the relevance of dietary behavior and oral management for oral heath in adults to extend the recognition of the importance of food intake in oral health and to provide basic information for oral health management. Methods: A survey and clinical assessment were conducted for 119 adults over 20 years of age. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS Statistics 20.0. Results: Gingivitis was influenced less when ham and sausage in the sub-area of meat, fish, egg, and bean were consumed once a week rather than the cases when consumed rarely (3.47 times) or when consumed two times or more a week (7.87 times) (p<0.05). Periodontitis was influenced more in the groups of 30s and 40s age than in that of over 50 years of age (14.97 times, 7.73 times) and in the group without drinking experience than in group with that (4.17 times) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results verified the close relationship between food intake frequency and oral health in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. Thus, it would be necessary to study the relationship between dietary behavior and oral health continuously.