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Association between Sleep Duration, Dental Caries, and Periodontitis in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2014

한국 성인에서 수면시간과 영구치 우식증 및 치주질환과의 관련성: 2013~2014 국민건강영양조사

  • Lee, Da-Hyun (Department of Dental Hygiene, Chung Cheong University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Hoon (Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine)
  • 이다현 (충청대학교 치위생과) ;
  • 이영훈 (원광대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 원광의과학연구소)
  • Received : 2016.11.09
  • Accepted : 2016.12.15
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

We evaluated the association between sleep duration, dental caries, and periodontitis by using representative nationwide data. We examined 8,356 subjects aged ${\geq}19$ years who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2014). Sleep duration were grouped into ${\leq}5$, 6, 7, 8, and ${\geq}9$ hours. Presence of dental caries was defined as caries in ${\geq}1$ permanent tooth on dental examination. Periodontal status was assessed by using the community periodontal index (CPI), and a CPI code of ${\geq}3$ was defined as periodontitis. A chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine statistical significance. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex, model 2 for household income, educational level, and marital status plus model 1, and model 3 for smoking status, alcohol consumption, blood pressure level, fasting blood glucose level, total cholesterol level, and body mass index plus model 2. The prevalence of dental caries according to sleep duration showed a U-shaped curve of 33.4%, 29.4%, 28.4%, 29.4%, and 31.8% with ${\leq}5$, 6, 7, 8, and ${\geq}9$ hours of sleep, respectively. In the fully adjusted model 3, the risk of developing dental caries was significantly higher with ${\leq}5$ than with 7 hours of sleep (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.06~1.43). The prevalence of periodontitis according to sleep duration showed a U-shaped curve of 34.4%, 28.6%, 28.1%, 31.3%, and 32.5%, respectively. The risk of periodontitis was significantly higher with ${\geq}9$ than with 7 hours of sleep in models 1 and 2, whereas the significant association disappeared in model 3. In a nationally representative sample, sleep duration was significantly associated with dental caries formation and weakly associated with periodontitis. Adequate sleep is required to prevent oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.

본 연구는 수면시간에 따른 치아우식증과 치주질환의 관련성을 평가하였다. 2013~2014년 국민건강영양조사의 원시자료를 이용하였으며, 최종 8,356명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 수면시간에 따른 치아우식증 유병률은 U자형 곡선 모양이었으며, 수면시간에 따라 치아우식증은 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.020). 특히, 수면시간 7시간 그룹의 치아우식증 유병률이 28.4%로 가장 낮은 반면, 수면시간 5시간 이하 그룹의 유병률은 33.4%, 수면시간 9시간 이상 그룹의 유병률은 31.8%로 높았다. 모형 1과 모형 2 및 모든 변수를 보정한 모형 3의 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 수면시간 7시간 기준으로 수면시간 5시간 이하의 OR이 유의하게 높았다(모형 3: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06~1.43). 한편, 수면시간에 따른 치주질환 유병률은 U자형 곡선 모양이었으며, 수면시간에 따라 치주질환은 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 수면시간 7시간 그룹의 치주질환 유병률이 28.1%로 가장 낮은 반면, 수면시간 5시간 이하 그룹의 유병률은 34.4%, 수면시간 9시간 이상 그룹의 유병률은 32.5%로 높았다. 로지스틱 회귀 분석 결과, 수면시간 7시간을 기준으로 수면시간 9시간 이상의 OR이 모형 1 (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00~1.56)과 모형 2 (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01~1.59)에서 유의하게 높았지만, 모든 변수를 보정한 모형 3에서는 수면시간과 치주질환의 관련성은 더 이상 유의하지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해서 수면시간이 치아우식증 및 치주질환과 유의한 관련이 있음을 확인하였으며, 치아우식증과 치주질환의 위험을 줄이기 위해 적정시간의 수면이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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