• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-262
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the types of perception toward non-face-to-face clinical practice and to characterize the types of students who experienced online clinical practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Q-methodology was used in this study, and 270 Q populations were formed based on in-depth interviews with 10 nursing students who had experienced non-face-to-face clinical practice, as well as related literature. Interviews were performed from August 1 to 31, 2022. A total of 42 Q samples were extracted, and Q sorting was performed on 33 nursing students who had experienced non-face-to-face clinical practice. A Q factor analysis was performed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: The nursing students' perceptions of non-face-to-face clinical practice were classified into the following five types: "future professional competency-focused type," "realistic convenience priority type," "task burden awareness type," "negative critic type," and "limited experience dissatisfaction type." Conclusion: This study revealed non-face-to-face clinical practice's positive and negative aspects in nursing education. Moreover, it identified the aspects of clinical practice that cannot be replaced by non-face-to-face clinical practice and the elements of non-face-to-face practice that can complement clinical practice. These findings can be used as fundamental data to establish a stable and efficient system for improving the quality of clinical practice in the post-COVID-19 era and to implement effective non-face-to-face clinical practice according to student types.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to identify the degree of anxiety and depression related to infection control and job stress in clinical nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the effects of depression. Finally, it intends to develop intervention measures to prevent depression in clinical nurses during epidemics of new infectious diseases and prepare basic data for developing educational programs. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire survey administered to 208 nurses. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS (Version 26.0) statistics program. Results: The correlation analysis between participant depression, anxiety, and infection control job stress found that depression had a positive correlation with anxiety (r=.63, p<.001) and infection control work stress (r=.26, p<.001). Anxiety (β=0.60, p<.001) was found to significantly affect participant depression with an explanatory power of 40.2%, confirming that higher anxiety levels induce increased depression. Conclusion: Based on the above results, anxiety is confirmed to be a factor that affects depression. Accordingly, education is required to strengthen individuals' physical and mental capabilities and promote a safe working environment, including providing sufficient personal protective devices and other appropriate gear to defend clinical nurses against outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases at medical institutions and through healthcare policies. Other considerations should include sufficient rest hours and paying additional benefits for nurses caring for patients with severe confirmed COVID-19.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2022

Objectives: Many governments have imposed-and are still imposing-mobility restrictions to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is no consensus on whether policy-induced reductions of human mobility effectively reduce the effective reproduction number (Rt) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies based on country-restricted data reported conflicting trends in the change of the SARS-CoV-2 Rt following mobility restrictions. The objective of this study was to examine, at the global scale, the existence of regional specificities in the correlations between Rt and human mobility. Methods: We computed the Rt of SARS-CoV-2 using data on worldwide infection cases reported by the Johns Hopkins University, and analyzed the correlation between Rt and mobility indicators from the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports in 125 countries, as well as states/regions within the United States, using the Pearson correlation test, linear modeling, and quadratic modeling. Results: The correlation analysis identified countries where Rt negatively correlated with residential mobility, as expected by policymakers, but also countries where Rt positively correlated with residential mobility and countries with more complex correlation patterns. The correlations between Rt and residential mobility were non-linear in many countries, indicating an optimal level above which increasing residential mobility is counterproductive. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, in order to effectively reduce viral circulation, mobility restriction measures must be tailored by region, considering local cultural determinants and social behaviors. We believe that our results have the potential to guide differential refinement of mobility restriction policies at a country/regional resolution.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.187-192
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is a method to discover problems and improve them by analyzing the status of software education of A primary school conducted by online class. The coronavirus infection-19(COVID-19) pandemic, which began in early 2020, has continued to delay the start of the new semester. Finally, on April 9, 2020, the first semester began with online class. While progressing non-face to face online class, most students said they had difficulties. Students solved difficulties in class with Internet searches or program hints, not teachers. In the post-class self-evaluation, most students answered that there was no increase in coding skills. To solve this problem, the school rents additional smart devices to student. schools should have real-time interactive classes. After covid 19, online class became a paradigm for classes. Therefore, software education will also require research and development of curriculum and teaching learning methods suitable for online classes.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.7-24
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• 2022

Christian education for the world after COVID-19 needs to use rapid changes in the surrounding situation as an opportunity to overcome a new crisis so that the church can achieve its educational mission. If the biggest dilemma in the post-Corona era is that there is no authoritative educational prescription anywhere, the most reasonable option for church education in this situation is to emphasize and cultivate learners' ability to flexibly cope with rules that are completely different than before COVID-19. As a natural result of the crisis, Christian education needs to be more interested in the trend of social change in the pandemic era(glocalization, digital transformation, economic inequality, educational environment change, church crisis) and actively reflect its contents in education. In addition, while operating a mobile(or online) church school that combines offline and online, there is an urgent need for an innovative transition to a core church school where certain church schools and churches cooperate with each other, a church school that guarantees a safe learning space, and an ecological church school that is interested in education dealing with climate change and ecology.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Purpose: The 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the lack of negative pressure isolation rooms and the fragility of the healthcare system. The need for healthcare facility transformation for respiratory infectious diseases has become more prominent due to COVID-19, and the purpose of this study is to provide a foundation for the rapid, economical, and safe construction of negative pressure isolation wards. Methods: This study analyzes the current status of hospitals that have been converted to negative pressure isolation rooms, and provides architectural plans and examples to provide a reference for bedroom change. Research data of this study have been obtained by analyzing the drawings of negative pressure isolation wards of nationally designated inpatient treatment beds and urgent isolation beds. In addition, the relevant literature of urgent isolation beds has been analyzed to derive bedroom change type. Result: In this study, a total of 21 isolation bed conversion methods have been presented. Implications: In order to change efficiently from a general ward to an isolation ward, it is necessary to consider the actual hospital's infectious disease transmission patterns and facility conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between nursing professionalism and nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases of nursing students who had experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a focus on the mediating effect of e-Health literacy. Methods: The study surveyed 177 nursing students who had experienced COVID-19. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 25.0, and the mediating effect was analyzed through the SPSS Process macro model 4. Results: Nursing professionalism (β=.26, p=.002) and e-Health literacy (β=.18, p=.021) were found to be significant predictors of nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases. In addition, e-Health literacy partially mediated the relationship between nursing professionalism and nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases. Conclusion: e-Health literacy was a mediating factor in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and nursing intention of nursing students for patients with emerging infectious diseases. In order to improve nursing intention of nursing students for patients with emerging infectious diseases, it is important to develop an education program that can enhance their e-Health literacy as well as nursing professionalism.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2024

Purpose: Most emerging-market countries are concerned about the technology boom, which is accompanied by an increase in revenue from online sales and services. This finding has been demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, is this tendency continuing in the new normal, and what factors are driving the increase in consumer decisions? The purpose of this research is to investigate how the decision to utilize online services will be affected in the new normal as well as propose a new research approach in this field. Research Design, Methodology and Approach: By following a deductive research method associated with positivist philosophy, a survey in South Vietnam with 426 respondents using a convenience sampling method was conducted. The reliability of the measurement scales was examined by using the SPSS program. The SmartPLS programme was utilised to assess the measurement and structural models as well as test hypotheses by using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Results: According to the research findings, decision-making has been impacted by social influences, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust, perceived price, and perceived convenience. Conclusions: The research results also bring significant contributions not only in practice in providing management implications but also in theory. The research model has also demonstrated the feasibility of employing the stimuli-organism-response framework and combining the theory of perceived risk with the technology acceptance model via the explanation of decision-making.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2023

Purpose: The delay in acceptance or refusal to get vaccinated despite the availability of services is called vaccine hesitancy. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative in Pakistan faced consistent barriers preventing the eradication of the disease in the country. Similarly with the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mass vaccination drives were initiated to a vaccine hesitant population. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted during July to September 2021 using a snowball sampling technique targeting the adult population of Pakistan. The modified version of the vaccine hesitancy questionnaire related to the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Vaccine Hesitancy matrix was distributed online. Results: Out of 973 participants, 52.4% were immediately willing to take the vaccine and constituted the acceptance group whereas the remaining 47.6% who were still not sure formed the hesitant group. Support from leaders was found to be statistically significant for the difference between the hesitant and acceptance groups (p-value=0.027). Hesitant people were concerned about the effectiveness of the vaccine (60.9%) and potential side effects (57.9%) as it was not sufficiently tested prior to launch (44.7%). Age and education were significant factors affecting the acceptance of vaccination. The most trusted source of information regarding vaccination was health care workers (43.8%). Conclusion: A moderately high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was reported in Pakistan. To overcome it, policymakers need to address the reasons for it. Leaders, celebrities, and healthcare workers can play an instrumental role in dispelling conspiracy theories regarding vaccines and making the vaccination drive a success.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.32.1-32.14
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• 2021

Over two hundred twenty-eight million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world have been reported until the 21^st of September 2021 after the first rise in December 2019. The virus caused the disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 4 million deaths blame COVID-19 during the last one year and 8 months in the world. Currently, four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are mainly focused by pandemic studies with limited experiments to translate the infectivity and pathogenicity of each variant. The SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variant of concern was originated from United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil/Japan, and India, respectively. The classification of SARS-CoV-2 variant is based on the mutation in spike (S) gene on the envelop of SARS-CoV-2. This review describes four SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variants of concern including SARS-CoV-2 ε, ζ, η, ι, κ, and B.1.617.3 variants of interest and alert. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 δ variant prevails over different countries that have 3 unique mutation sites: E156del/R158G in the N-terminal domain and T478K in a crucial receptor binding domain. A particular mutation in the functional domain of the S gene is probably associated with the infectivity and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.