• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2022

코로나바이러스-19 팬데믹 이후 매일 수만 명의 환자가 발생하고 있다. 보건당국은 사람들의 생활 안전을 보호하기 위해 공항, 정류장 등 공공장소에서는 반드시 마스크를 착용하라고 지시하고 있다. 마스크를 착용하는 목적은 감염으로부터 신체를 보호하고 바이러스 전파와 확산을 막기 위한 것이다. 공공장소에서는 많은 인원에 대한 일괄적인 마스크 착용 검사를 하기 어렵고, 육안으로 확인하는 마스크 착용 검사 방법은 인파가 몰리는 장소에서 검사 효율이 떨어지며 누락되는 경우도 많이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 입력 이미지에 존재하는 얼굴 영역을 YOLOv4와 YOLOv5 모델을 통해 예측하여 마스크의 착용 여부를 판단하되, 앙상블 기법을 적용하여 보다 효과적인 BB(Bounding Box) 추출 및 마스크 착용 탐지 기법을 적용한다. 따라서 공공장소의 마스크 착용실태를 효과적으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Objectives: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), behaviors such as mask-wearing, social distancing, decreasing mobility, and avoiding crowds have been suggested, especially in high-risk countries such as Indonesia. Unfortunately, the level of compliance with those practices has been low. This study was conducted to determine the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors of COVID-19 prevention behavior in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a mixed-methods approach. The participants were 264 adults from 21 provinces in Indonesia recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a Google Form and in-depth interviews. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis was done through content analysis and qualitative data management using Atlas.ti software. Results: Overall, 44.32% of respondents were non-compliant with recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, low-to-medium education level, poor attitude, insufficient involvement of leaders, and insufficient regulation were also associated with decreased community compliance. Based on in-depth interviews with informants, the negligence of the Indonesian government in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the unpreparedness of the community to face the pandemic, as people were not aware of the importance of preventive practices. Conclusions: Education level is not the only factor influencing community compliance with recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Changing attitudes through health promotion to increase public awareness and encouraging voluntary community participation through active risk communication are necessary. Regulations and role leaders are also required to improve COVID-19 prevention behavior.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Respiratory face masks are protective facepieces that are designed to filter inhaled air. They are easy-to-use devices that can protect the wearer against various hazardous particles in the air. Respiratory face masks also prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria-containing droplets that are released from the coughing or sneezing of the infected people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various types of face masks have circulated on the market. Their ability to filter sub-micron particles, which are the sizes of harmful particulate matter and airborne viruses, needs to be investigated. Their breathability, the easiness of breath through the mask, also needs to be considered. In this study, wwe evaluated the performance of filters used for different types of face masks certified by different standards including Korean (KF94, KF80, KF-AD), USA (N95), and Chinese (KN95) standards. We also tested the filters of nanofiber masks and surgical masks for which there are no standards for filtration test. The N95 mask filters showed the highest quality factor for capturing virus-sized particles. The other types of mask filters have acceptable performance except for nanofiber mask filters whose performance is very low.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2024

Objectives: The coronavirus pandemic that began in 2019(COVID-19) has been one of the worst pandemics of the 21st century. Masks have been used to prevent COVID-19, but there are currently no standards for the long-term use of masks in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to assess the microbiological safety of KF94(Korea Filter 94) disposable face masks according to wearing duration by evaluating the bacterial filtration efficiencies of masks worn by research participants. Methods: A commercially available KF94 mask certified by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS) in the Republic of Korea was selected as the test mask. The research participants(n = 15) wore masks for the durations of one, three, and seven days. Participants also reported several parameters, including wearing time, makeup frequency, and storage. Bacterial filtration efficiencies of the worn masks were measured by a mask bioaerosol filtration tester. Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) was used as the test bacteria and quantitatively measured through the cultivation method. Then, bacterial filtration efficiency was calculated using the formula suggested by the MFDS. Results: All worn masks showed over 99.98% of mean bacterial filtration efficiency for S. aureus. There were no significant differences among bacterial filtration efficiencies of face masks according to wearing duration. There was also no significant difference among bacterial filtration efficiencies among participants. There was no correlation between the results of bacterial filtration efficiencies and reported parameters from participants. Conclusions: In the absence of significant external damage to the mask, the bacterial filtration efficiency of the mask can be maintained even after seven days of wearing. This result suggests that KF94 masks certified by the MFDS can be used repeatedly for about a week without loss of bacterial filtration efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.292-301
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• 2021

Objectives: Wearing medical masks has been recommended since the declaration of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic disease. Certified medical masks are evaluated according to filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance. However, some people use non-certified common masks. This study aimed to evaluate various non-certified commercial masks based on the certification criteria for medical masks. Methods: Twenty mask products (three anti-droplet, three disposable dental, eight fashion, three cotton, and three children's masks) were selected. For performance evaluation, filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance tests were conducted. The evaluation method followed the certification method for KF-certified masks of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and the N95 respirator of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Results: None of the 20 masks met the KF94 certification standard set by the MFDS. Four and three masks respectively met the KF80 certification standard and the N95 standard of NIOSH. Filtration efficiency was significantly higher in three-layer masks than in single layer masks. Pleated-type masks had higher filtration efficiency than cone-type masks. There was no correlation between the structure of masks and facial inhalation resistance. Conclusion: While no masks complied with the KF94 certification standard, a few masks met the KF80 and the N95 certification standards of NIOSH. Although some people wear non-certified commercial masks, protection from aerosols is not guaranteed by such masks. Evaluation of the protection efficiency of non-certified mask against microbiological infection is needed for the prevention of infectious disease.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.157-167
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• 2022

This study attempted to investigate what kind of perception people in their 20s have about masks and to find out the characteristics of each type by categorizing the perception. The Q methodology was used for the study. The cognition types of masks were categorized into three. Type 1 was a 'always wear impact-important type' that always wears masks and thinks masks affect non-verbal communication and the wearer's image. Type 2 was a 'function-important negative recognition type' that wears masks to prevent germs and thinks that masks have a great negative impact. Type 3 was a 'concealment wear positive image type' that wears a mask to cover the face and thinks that a person looks young when wearing a mask. It is thought that the development of masks of various designs and functions reflecting the needs of consumers should be carried out. Also, it is thought that various products should be developed and sold so that consumers can choose according to important considerations such as design, fit, and function.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2022

Wearing face masks is an effective measure to prevent COVID-19 infection. Infrared thermal image based temperature measurement and identity recognition system has been widely used in many large enterprises and universities in China, so it is totally necessary to research the face mask detection of thermal infrared imaging. Recently introduced MTCNN (Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks)presents a conceptually simple, flexible, general framework for instance segmentation of objects. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for efficiently searching objects of images, while creating a segmentation of heat generation part for an instance which is a heating element in a heat sensed image acquired from a thermal infrared camera. This method called a mask MTCNN is an algorithm that extends MTCNN by adding a branch for predicting an object mask in parallel with an existing branch for recognition of a bounding box. It is easy to generalize the R-CNN to other tasks. In this paper, we proposed an infrared image detection algorithm based on R-CNN and detect heating elements which can not be distinguished by RGB images.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2023

Despite the lifting of the mandatory wearing of masks, which was the main tool of the COVID-19 quarantine policy, we paid attention to the fact that some people are still wearing masks, and we wanted to clarify why people do not take off their masks. Through a survey in this regard, we were able to ascertain why some people continue to wear masks in a broader context. In this article, we directly and indirectly confirm the hidden side of citizens' continued wearing of masks by analyzing how the lifting of the mask-wearing obligation was reported in media articles that have a significant impact on citizens' behavior and attitude. Through this, it was confirmed that citizens continue to wear masks to protect themselves in an uncertain situation where the COVID-19 endemic has not been declared, despite the quarantine authorities' announcement of lifting the mandatory wearing. In a situation where crises such as COVID-19 are expected to repeat frequently in the future, it was concluded that it is important to build trust in the quarantine authorities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2022

In addition to optimistic bias which can be a biased phenomenon in perceived susceptibility, including illusion of control which is a distorted phenomenon, the current study attempted to demonstrate the influential relationship between these two important variables and COVID 19 personal preventive behaviors and social distancing practice. Conducting Survey utilizing online pannel from Macromill Embrain, the present study performed regression analysis, setting personal preventive behavioral variables such as mask wearing, hand washing, using hand sanitizer as independent variable, and analyzed how these independent variables influence control illusion and optimistic bias. As a result, COVID 19 personal preventive behavior didn't have direct effect on optimistic bias and control illusion except for hand washing. Finding, also, showed that control illusion affected optimistic bias, and the relation between these variables was different depending on demographic variable such as gender and age.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.477-485
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• 2020

This study is a random allocation similar experimental study to compare and analyze the difference in BVM (Bag-Valve-Mask) ventilation volume according to the characteristics of the rescuer's hand and the type of mask using a standardized mannequin. To this end, the Basic Life Resuscitation Education Center of D University in gwangju. Recruiting 39 students who have completed the basic resuscitation course for emergency medical personnel and the Korean-style specialized cardiac rescue course, In addition to measuring the physical characteristics of the hand, the average amount of ventilation per minute using a bag-mask was measured and analyzed. As a result, the type of mask that was not most affected by the characteristics of the hand and provided adequate Minute Ventilation was the soft type (tube, silicone) mask. On the other hard (tube, silicone) masks were found to be unsuitable for general use as they were greatly affected by the characteristics of workers' hands. COVID-19 is currently increasing the risk of transmission to paramedics and patients. Considering this situation, the universal use of a semi-permanent hard-type mask, which is disadvantageous not only for preventing infection but also for proper ventilation, should be avoided. In addition to the ease of use, it should be actively utilized in the field by supplying a soft type mask that can provide stable ventilation even with 'predominance recognition' and proper ventilation.