• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on DNA stability in human spermatozoa. To verify human spermatozoa were incubated with xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X 100$\mu$M-XO 50 mlU ~ 400 mIU), $H_2O_2$ (125 $\mu$M ~ 1 mM), sodium nitroprusside (SNP 0.1 $\mu$M ~ 100 $\mu$M) or lymphocyte. Otherwise, spermatozoa were incubated under low $O_2$ (5%) condition. Damage of sperm DNA was analyzed by single cell electrophoresis (Comet assay) and flow cytometry after acridine orange staining. In the presence of ROS, there was increase in DNA damage. The rate of DNA single strand breakage (9.0$\pm$1.0% ~ 46.0$\pm$4.6%) and DNA fragmentation (7.51$\pm$1.0% ~ 29.5$\pm$4.6%) were similar regardless of the kinds of ROS and exposure time. DNA damage in the lower $O_2$ condition (5%) was lower than ambient $O_2$ condition (20%). Taken together, it suggested that sperm DNA might be damaged by ROS. In the presence of ROS, increase in DNA damage and chromatin instability was obvious in spite of short exposure. Although present study reconfirmed that sperm incubation in the low concentration of ROS have the benefit m the induction of capacitation and Ah, the increase in DNA damage by ROS and possible genetic problem should be considered before the human trials.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2012

Due to the use of polymeric materials in construction materials, the fire combustion gases that occur in the fire are various. The one of combustion gases, HBr is measured to evaluate the toxicity of the combustion gases in the FTP Code Part 2, Standard NES 713 and Standard BS 6853. According to the MSDS, Inhalation of HBr gas especially cause burn, respiratory dysfunction, headache, etc. The people who are exposed to 50ppm of HBr gas, very irritant gas may also frequently result in both immediate death and post-exposure deaths due to pulmonary complications. In this paper, we conduct a research on the combustion toxicity of HBr gas hazardous test which is motility measurement of the mice exposed to the HBr standard gas comparing the biological analysis result.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.485-489
• /
• 2011

The present study was conducted to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation levels and subsequent DNA damage in the bovine cultured somatic cells. Bovine ear skin cells were classified by serum starvation, confluence and cycling cells. Cells were stained in 10 ${\mu}M$ dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$) or 10 ${\mu}M$ hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) dye to measure the $H_2O_2$ or $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels. The samples were examined with a fluorescent microscope, and fluorescence intensity was analyzed in each cell. $H_2O_2$ and $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels of cultured somatic cells were high in confluence group ($7.1{\pm}0.7$ and $8.4{\pm}0.4$ pixels/cell, respectively) and significantly low in serum starvation group ($4.9{\pm}0.4$ and $7.0{\pm}0.4$ pixels/cell, respectively, p<0.05). Comet tail lengths of serum starvation ($148.3{\pm}5.7$ ${\mu}M$) and confluence ($151.1{\pm}5.0$ ${\mu}M$) groups were found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to that of cycling group ($137.1{\pm}7.5$ ${\mu}M$). These results suggest that the culture type of donor cells can affect the ROS generation, which leads the DNA fragmentation of the cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.240-246
• /
• 2016

The hottest news and achievements of space science and research in recent years may be NASA Curiosity rover's exploration (2013) of Mars, China Chang'e 3's exploration (2013) of Moon, ESA Rosetta's exploration (2014) of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and NASA New Horizons' exploration (2015) of Pluto, which are very astonishing achievement since such a deep space journey was possible with current technology. In contrast the wonderful cruise and navigation technologies evolution of explorer in deep space, there are no remarkable changes in deep space data communication, it is still in conservative area, of which much changes are reluctantly accepted so far. But there are some movements of deep space exploration in order to allow ground brilliant technologies to deep space. One of those experiments is internet, whose main topic of this paper. In this paper, we will present the analysis of effectiveness of solar system internet to deep space exploration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2005

Lots of waste are produced from cities and embeded at the depository. The waste produces chemicals and organic matters. Those toxicants contaminate air and water. The pollution causes the increase of insects thereby to spray pesticide on the depository as well as its outskirts. Chemicals and pesticide ingredients are accumulated on the depository and released into outskirts. Those toxic agents are assumed to generate DNA damage to animals exposed to the water and air pollutions. To prove the possibility of DNA damage to pollution, comet assay was conducted on lymphocytes of animals exposed to the pollution of a depository at Southern part of Seoul. Peripheral lymphocytes of animals were treated with endonuclease III and electrophoresed. Broken DNA was released and measured under fluorescence microscope. The measurement showed no statistically significant DNA damage but some individuals showed higher DNA damage than in that of control group. These experiments were carried out on rabbits and dogs, the most and the least contaminated, respectively. The rate of DNA damage of cows was in between that of rabbits and dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2013

Fucoxanthin is an important carotenoid derived from edible brown seaweeds and is used in indigenous herbal medicines. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of fucoxanthin against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage. Fucoxanthin decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, as assessed by fluorescence spectrometry performed after staining cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. In addition, electron spin resonance spectrometry showed that fucoxanthin scavenged hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction in a cell-free system. Fucoxanthin also inhibited comet tail formation and phospho-histone H2A.X expression, suggesting that it prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, the compound reduced the number of apoptotic bodies stained with Hoechst 33342, indicating that it protected keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death. Finally, fucoxanthin prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These protective actions were accompanied by the down-regulation of apoptosis-promoting mediators (i.e., B-cell lymphoma-2-associated ${\times}$ protein, caspase-9, and caspase-3) and the up-regulation of an apoptosis inhibitor (B-cell lymphoma-2). Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fucoxanthin defends keratinocytes against oxidative damage by scavenging ROS and inhibiting apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2009

An extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the insects used most frequently in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatocirrhosis and hepatofibrosis, was assessed for antioxidant bioactivity in this study. In the current work, we have investigated the protective effects of ADL extracts on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in cultured hepa1c1c7 cells and in the mouse liver. The treatment of the hepa1c1c7 cells with ADL extracts induced a significant reduction of t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species contents, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADL extracts evidenced a protective effect against t-BHPinduced oxidative DNA damage, as revealed by the results of the Comet assay in hepa1c1c7 cells. ADL extracts also protected against hydroxyl radical-induced 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and $H_2O_2$. In addition, ADL extracts were shown to be able to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Our in vivo study revealed that ADL extracts pretreatment applied prior to t-BHP administration significantly prevented an increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers and reduced LPO in the mouse liver in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effects of ADL extracts against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity may be attributable, at least in part, to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals, and to protect against DNA damage due to oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.152-152
• /
• 2003

As utilization of radiation in medicine, industry and biochemical research increases, the protection against radiation damage has become an important issue. Natural products such as herbal medicines are beginning to receive attention as modifiers on the radiation response. In the present study, the protective effect of a herb, Menthae Herba, against radiation-induced DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE; comet assay) in the mouse peripheral blood Iymphocytes and the micronucleus formation test in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The tail moment, which was a marker of DNA damage in the SCGE, and the frequency of micronuclei was decreased in groups treated with Mentae Herba extract before exposure to 200 cGy of gamma-ray. We also confirmed its activities to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. These experiments demonstrated that Menthae Herba was effective at reducing the radiation-induced damage of DNA and scavenging free radicals. It is plausible that scavenging of free radicals by Menthae Herba may have played an important role in providing the protection against the radiation-induced damage to the DNA. These results indicated that Menthae Herba might be a useful radioprotector and that radical scavenging appears to be one of the mechanisms of radiation protection.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated whether S. baicalensis rhizome ethanol extract (SBRE) has antioxidant capacities against oxidative stress induced cellular damage in the HaCaT keratinocytes. Our results revealed that treatment with SBRE prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) exposure significantly increased the HaCaT cell viability. SBRE also effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$ induced comet tail formation, and inhibited the $H_2O_2$ induced phosphorylation levels of the histone ${\gamma}H2AX$, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V positive cells. In addition, SBRE exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS generation and restored the mitochondria membrane potential loss induced by $H_2O_2$. Moreover, $H_2O_2$ enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with SBRE. Furthermore, SBRE increased the levels of HO-1 associated with the induction of Nrf2. Therefore, we believed that SBRE may potentially serve as an agent for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2006

The protective properties of Satureja hortensis L. on the rat lymphocytes DNA lesions were tested. Lymphocytes were isolated from blood samples taken from healthy rats. DNA breaks and resistance to $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced damage were measured with the comet assay. Rat lymphocytes were incubated in S. hortensis ethanolic extract (SHE) (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/mL), essential oil (SHEO)(0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 ${mu}L/mL$), $H_{2}O_{2}$ (50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}M$), a combination of $H_{2}O_{2}$ (200 mM) with either SHE (1.0, 2.5 mg/mL) or SHEO (1.0, 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions. Treatment of rat lymphocytes with SHE or SHEO resulted in significant reduction of $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced DNA damage compared to controls. SHE exhibited a significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage at 2.5 mg/mL. SHEO (1.0 and 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) also showed significant inhibitory effects (P<0.01) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced chromosomal damage. In conclusion both the ethanolic extract and the essential oil of the plant reversed the oxidative damage to rat lymphocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide.