• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 2008년에서 2009년 동안 속초, 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 채집된 대구어미를 대상으로 유전적 집단구조를 조사했다. 시험에 사용된 28 마리 중에서 8 종류의 haplotype이 발견되었다. 상호 유전자 비교시 0.2-2.2% 범위에서 유전자 변이율을 볼 수 있었다. Gal haplotype은 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 모두 발견된 haplotype으로 우리나라 대구의 가장 대표적인 haplotype인 것으로 추측된다. 그러나 Ga2, Ga3, Ga6, Ga7 haplotype은 속초에서만 나타났다. 또한 유전자 상호관계 분석에서도 속초에서 나타난 haplotype은 독립적인 개체군을 형성하고 있으면 다른 haplotype과의 유연 성립율은 50% 이하로 나타났다. 속초를 제외한 나머지 지역의 지역적 유전거리는 -0.0123 에서 -0.0423 이면 유전적 이동률은 거의 무한대로 보여 동일한 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 속초와는 현저한 유전적 거리를 나타내고 있고, 속초의 유전적 다양성이 가장 낮게 나타나서 속초의 대구 개체군은 소형임과 아울러 다른 지역관의 유전적 이동이 거의 차단된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 우리나라에서 어획되는 대구 계군은 속초를 제외하고 활발한 유전적 이동으로 동일한 유전적 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내 농공단지로부터 배출되는 폐수를 대상으로 폐수의 처리효율 특성을 전형적인 $A_{2}O$ 공정계열의 변법인, 배양조-혐기조-간헐포기조로 구성된 HBR-II 공정을 적용하여 이를 규명하고자 하였다. 또한 고도처리를 위한 상용화 플랜트 설계 시에 공정 조업 및 제어변수 값을 도출하고 HBR-II 공정의 고도처리 효율성을 경제적 측면에서 분석검토 하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 실험에서는, HBR-II 공정을 bench (또는 pilot) 규모의 실험 장치에 적용시켜 처리효율 실험을 수행하였으며, 1차 침전지 설계를 위한 회분식(batch type) 침전실험과 인(T-P)의 제거와 2차 침전지로부터의 난분해성 미세 부유고형물 입자의 배출농도 안정화를 위한 응집실험을 병행하여 이를 고도처리효율과 연계하여 최적의 침전 및 응집을 위한 공정조업 변수 값을 도출하고자 하였다. F/M비를 0.20~0.25 $BOD_5/Kg{\cdot}MLSS/Day$로 유지시켰으며, $BOD_5$ 98.4%, $COD_{Mn}$ 92.9%, SS 97.5%, T-N 91.3%, T-P 82.3% 의 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통하여서 HBR-II 공정을 농공단지 폐수처리에 접목 할 경우 안정적인 수처리가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.755-765
• /
• 2008

To investigate correlation between the distribution of marine bacteria and environmental characteristics in the surface sediments of Kamak Bay, chemical oxygen demand(COD), acid volatile sulfide(AVS), ignition loss(IL), total organic carbon(TOC), and total organic nitrogen(TON) were measured and analyzed at 7 stations in winter and summer. In winter, COD and AVS ranged from 13.45 mg/g to 30.06 mg/g(average: 23.58 mg/g) and from 0.03 mg/g to 1.04 mg/g(average: 0.63 mg/g), respectively. IL, TOC, and TON ranged from 8.03% to 11.41%(average: 9.41%), from 1.17% to 2.10%(average: 1.62%), and from 0.09% to 0.18%(average 0.15%), respectively. In summer, COD, AVS, IL, TOC, and TON ranged from 14.06 mg/g to 32.19 mg/g(average: 24.71 mg/g), from 0.03 mg/g to 1.11 mg/g(average: 0.66 mg/g), from 9.00% to 12.15%(average: 10.96%), from 1.27% to 2.12%(average 1.77%), and from 0.12% to 0.19%(average: 0.16%), respectively. These values were relatively higher than those in winter. Kamak Bay had high C/N ratio that might be resulted from the input of terrestrial sewage and industrial wastewater. The number of marine viable bacteria was $8.9{\times}10^4\;cfu/g$ in winter and $9.7{\times}10^5\;cfu/g$ in summer. The most abundant species were Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacterium spp., and Vibrio spp, in the surface sediments of Kamak Bay. It was found that the concentration of organic matters and viable bacterial cells in the inner part were relatively higher than those in the outer of Kamak Bay. The distribution of viable bacterial cells was closely influenced by environmental factors.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.306-313
• /
• 2009

In the Upo wetland, physico-chemical factors were observed during the period from March 2005 to December 2007 on a monthly basis. In the Upo wetland, water temperatures ranged $3.4{\sim}34.5^{\circ}C$. Conductivities were in the range of 133~806 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$, which showed about 140 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$ below in comparison with the precedent studies. The pH levels were between 6.7~9.1 with lower level in summertime. The dissolved oxygens were between 0.06~18.23 mg $L^{-1}$. COD ranged 4.9~20.8 mg $L^{-1}$, and showed a tendency to decrease every year. Nitrogen nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and total nitrogen (T-P) showed that they were generally decreased in comparison with those in the precedent studies. However the total nitrogen (T-N) is still considerably higher than the standard concentration level of eutrophication and algal blooming. Phosphate phosphorus ($PO_4-P$) and total phosphorus (T-P) were also shown as to be reduced considerably comparing with the values in the precedent studies. However, It was found out that total phosphorus (T-P) was dissolved over the criteria concentration of eutrophication. The average of TN/TP ratio was 18 in the Upo wetland, which proved that phosphorus was the limiting factor to the growth of phytoplankton in the Upo wetland. The chl-$\alpha$ was the highest in wintertime and the lowest in summertime, and especially in 2006 summer when the cyanobacterial bloom developed, it showed extremely high concentration.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2011

화진포호에서 장기간의 수환경변화를 알아보기 위해 2000년부터 2008년까지 염분, 용존산소, 총인 및 총질소등 이 화학적 조사를 하였으며, 동식물플랑크톤은 2007년과 2008년에 조사하였다. 화진포호에서 2000년부터 2008년까지 조사된 수질자료를 보면 수온, 염분, 투명도, COD 및 DO는 각각 $2.8{\sim}29.4^{\circ}C$, 0.23~41.8‰, $0.2{\sim}2.8\;m$, $0.2{\sim}20.2\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 및 $0.1{\sim}17.4\;mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위로 평균은 각각 $18.0^{\circ}C$, 15.7‰, 0.7 m, $5.7\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 및 $8.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$이었다. Chl.${\alpha}$은 $0.3{\sim}242.5\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$으로 평균 $32.8\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었다. TP와TN는 각각 $0.024{\sim}0.869\;mg\;L^{-1}$(평균 0.091) 및 $0.240{\sim}5.310\;mg\;L^{-1}$(평균 1.235)의 범위를 보였다. TN/TP 비는 평균 16.4이었다. COD, TP, TN 및 Chl.${\alpha}$의 연변화를 보면 COD는 2000년에 $4.83m\;mg\;L^{-1}$이었으나 2008년에는 $1.80\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 매년 $0.34\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 감소를 보였다. TP는 2000년에 $0.07\;mg\;L^{-1}$이였으나 2008년에는 $0.05\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 차츰 감소하였다. TN은 2000년에 $1.54\;mg\;L^{-1}$이었으니 2008년에는 $0.77\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 매년 $0.09\;mg\;L^{-1}$ 감소하였다. Chl.${\alpha}$은 2000년에 $46.30\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었으나 2008년에는 $5.78\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$로 매년 $4.50\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$씩 감소하였다. 화진포호의 Orgnic-N, $NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N 및 $NO_2$-N의 평균 존재 형태별 구성 비율은 각각 78.9, 7.0, 12.4 및 0.8%로 대부분 유기질소 형태이었다. 부영양화도 지수는 남호와 북호에서 2000년에 각각 67과 63에서 2008년에는 63과 59로 감소하였다. 화진포 남호와 북호에서 2007년과 2008년 조사기간 동안 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 총 56속 69종이었다. 식물 플랑크톤의 현존량은 남호가 북호가 각각 18~21,961 및 $153{\sim}10,070\;cells\;mL^{-1}$의 범위로 남호에서 더 많았으며, 남 북호 모두 2007년 7윌에 최소를 보였다. 우점종은 남호의 경우 2007년 5월에 Asterococcus superbus, 9월에 Lyngbya sp., 11월에 Trachelomonas spp.이었으며, 2008년 7월에는 Anabaena spiroides로 시기에 따라 크게 다른 양상을 보였다. 남호와 북호의 종 다양성 지수는 0.87~1.98 (평균 1.41) 및 0.42~1.47 (평균1.07)로 남 북호 모두 2008년 5월에 높았다. 화진포호에서 출현한 동물플랑크톤은 총 31속 35종이었다. 남호의 우점종은 2007년 5, 7월과 2008년 5, 11월에는 요각류의 유생이었으나, 2007년 9월에는 미동정원생동물, 2008년 8월에는 Brachionus plicatilis이었다. 북호의 우점종은 2007년 7월과 11월에는 지각류인 Asplanchna sp.이었으나 그 이외의 시기에는 요각류의 유생이었다. 동물플랑크톤의 밀도는 남호에서 $80{\times}10^3{\sim}3,902{\times}10^3ind.\;L^{-1}$, 북호에서 $88{\times}10^3{\sim}2,106{\times}10^3\;ind.\;L^{-1}$로 남호에서 더 높았다. 종 다양성지수는 남호와 북호가 각각 0.53~0.147 (평균 0.83) 및 0.66~1.46 (평균 1.09)의 범위로 남 북호 모두 2008년 7월에 높았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1999

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the phosphorus removal using the activated sludge-electrolysis reactor which consisted of A$^2$/O system and aluminium electrodes as cathode and anode. In this system, the phosphorus was removed by aluminium ion, which was eluted from aluminiumelectrodes by electrolysis. In the batch experiments, when the current densities were 0.026, 0.052 and 0.08 A/dm$^2$, the phosphorus removal efficiencies for synthetic sewage were 66.4, 86.4 and 98.7% respectively. These results showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency increased with the increase of the current density. When the current values were 13, 26 and 40 mA respectively, the amounts of Al$^{3+}$ eluted from electrodes according to Faraday's law were 0.049, 0.07 and 0.12 g and Al/P mole ratio were 1.1, 2.0 and 3.41. In the continuous experiments, As hydraulic retention time(HRT) increased, COD and total nitrogen(T-N) removal efficiencies for domestic sewage increased. The average phosphorus removal rates of the activated sludge-electrolysis system were 97, 91, 80 and 80% at the HRT of 48, 24, 18 and 12 hours, respectively. Especially, the phosphorus removal rate in the activated sludge system with aluminium electrodes was higher than that in the system without aluminium electrodes.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate loading rate of influent for acidogenic fermentation. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted, at $35^{\circ}C$, HRT 18hr, pH 6 and used 3.5L reactor. Loading rate of influent was varied 2.0 to 4.0g VSS/L, TOA concentration is decreased according to increasing loading rate Over 2.5g VSS/L. When loading rate is 2.0g VSS/L, hydrolysis percentage show the maximum value of 87%. Most of SCFA is consist of HAc, HPr, I-HBu and MBu. HAc concentration is 5,233mg/L in the 2.0g VSS/L condition. So, for this study, we think that limiting loading rate is 2.5g VSS/L. SCFA species was investigated to HAc, HPr, I-HBu and n-HBu during our studying. HAc/SCFA ratio is about 89.3%, SCFA production rate is highest to $1,104mg\;COD/L/d{\cdot}gPCOD$ for 2.0g VSS/L loading rate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1765-1773
• /
• 2016

Wastewater containing kraft lignin (KL) discharged from pulp and paper industries could cause serious environmental contamination. Appropriate effluent treatment is required to reduce the pollution. Investigations on anaerobic bacteria capable of degrading KL are beneficial to both lignin removal and biofuel regeneration from the effluent. In this paper, an anaerobic strain capable of degrading KL was isolated from the sludge of a pulp and paper mill and identified as Dysgonomonas sp. WJDL-Y1 by 16S rRNA analysis. Optimum conditions for KL degradation by strain WJDL-Y1 were obtained at initial pH of 6.8, C:N ratio of 6 and temperature of 33℃, based on statistical analyses by response surface methodology. For a 1.2 g/l KL solution, a COD removal rate of 20.7% concomitant with biomass increase of 17.6% was achieved after 4 days of incubation under the optimum conditions. After the treatment by strain WJDL-Y1, KL was modified and degraded.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 2003

Seasonal characteristics of water quality and effect of the freshwater discharge during open the tide embankment in Haechang Bay were evaluated. In the freshwater, where interior of the tide embankment, COD and Chl-a exceeded about 4mg/L and $10mg/m^3$, respectively, independent of season, while in the seawater they showed high values in April and July in contrast to the other period due to input of freshwater and increase of phytoplankton, respectively. The content of seawater inorganic nitrogen maintained a relatively high level at inner part of the bay, whereas high values of inorganic phosphorus content was distributed at all over the bay. The limiting factor for algal growth was nitrogen with respect to the N/P ratio. The compass of influence by the freshwater discharge in April was quite different with water pollutants. As a result of the salinity variation with time, the freshwater extended strongly to offshore from the surface layer without mixing with depth when open the tide embankment, and reached within about one hour at a station which is 3.5km from the tide embankment. To effective water quality management of Haechang Bay, discharge rate and pollutant loads should be controlled.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.707-713
• /
• 2012

There are a lot of parameters affecting microbial acclimation/cultivation characteristics such as dynamic conditions, F/M ratio and substrate affinity. From the process control point of view, the effect of high salinity on the removal efficiencies of BOD and SS have been documented by few researchers. In this research, lab-scale CAS(Conventional Activated Sludge) process and modified $A_2O$(Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic) process were operated and monitored to evaluate the characteristics of microbial acclimation and cultivation under high salinity wastewater during the period of three weeks. As a result of acute microbial activity test(6hr) at various $Cl^-$ concentration, the appropriate $Cl^-$ concentration for microbial growth and acclimation ranged under 3,100 mg/l. As a result of acclimation/cultivation test, the trend of COD removal efficiency reduced gradually as time elapsed. It is considered that $NH_4$-N removal phenomenon of the conventional pollutants removal mechanisms gave little effect to the microbial acclimation/cultivation under high salinity wastewater.