• 제목/요약/키워드: CNS disorders

검색결과 50건 처리시간 0.028초

Phentermine 및 Phendimetrazine으로 유발된 정신병적 장애 및 양극성 장애 증례군 연구 (Phentermine and Phendimetrazine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: A Case Series)

  • 김수영;김태석;김대진;채정호;이창욱;주수현
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.22-31
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    • 2022
  • Objectives Recently, weight loss has emerged as a national concern in South Korea, and this has resulted in an increase in the frequency of use of central nervous system (CNS)-stimulating appetite suppressants. This study aimed to collect cases of psychotic disorders and bipolar disorders triggered by phentermine and phendimetrazine and explore the clinical features and courses. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed the electronic medical records of patients and selected eight patients who developed psychotic symptoms and manic symptoms for the first time after taking phentermine and phendimetrazine. All cases were reviewed, and their clinical features and course were summarized. Results All eight patients developed psychotic symptoms, and one had accompanying manic symptoms. The final diagnosis was appetite-suppressant-induced psychotic disorder in four patients, schizophrenia in three, and appetite-suppressant-induced bipolar disorder in one. In addition, three patients were diagnosed as having substance-use disorder. The key psychotic symptoms of these patients were hallucinations and paranoia. Conclusions These case findings suggest that phentermine and phendimetrazine can cause psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorder and that medical professionals and the public should practice caution when prescribing and using these drugs.

두개하악장애환자의 임상양태에 관한 연구 (Clinical Features of the Patients with Craniomandibular Disorders)

  • Myung-Yun Ko;Mi-Eun Kim
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 1993
  • A prevalence study was carried out on 847 CMD patients who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine in Pusan National University from 1990 to 1993. To obtain the same type of information, all subjects were interviewed and examined clinically using a standardized examination form, The ratio of women to men was about 3:1 and all subjects were divided into acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months of duration. Diagnostic groups consisted of muscle disorder, joint disorder and muscle-joint disorder. As related to gender, duration and diagnosis subjective and objective symptoms in CMD were studied. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Muscle-joint disorder had the highest percent, followed by muscle disorder and joint disorder. 2. The most common reasons for CMD treatment were pain, joint noise and limited opening, while headache and neckache were relatively often reported as associated symptoms and dizziness, ringing in the ears also reported as secondary CNS excitatory effects. 3. Pain was more ofter seen in women, acute group and muscle-related disorder groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Noise was significantly frequent in chronic group and joint-related groups (p<0.01). 4. Analysis of contributing factors presented that macrotrauma was found frequently in men (p<0.05), and that muscle-related groups were more related to stress than joint disorder grop (p<0.05). 5. Hard end feel was seen significantly often in joint-related disorder group (p<0.05). On the other hand, soft end feel was frequent in muscle disorder. 6. Reciprocal clicks and crepitation increased with chronicity. Subjects with joint-related disorder groups significantly often reported all kinds of noises (p<0.01). 7. Tender muscles and joints were more often reported in women and chronic group. Whereas muscle-related disorder groups revealed significantly more tender muscles (p<0.01). joint-related disorder groups presented significantly more tender joints (p<0.01).

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입원 환자의 낙상실태 및 위험요인 조사연구: 국내 500병상 이상 종합병원을 중심으로 (Characteristics of Fall Events and Fall Risk Factors among Inpatients in General Hospitals in Korea)

  • 최은희;고미숙;유정숙;김미경
    • 임상간호연구
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.350-360
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the present status of falls among inpatients in general hospitals and to identify the fall risk factors that reflect the characteristics of domestic hospitals. Methods: Data were collected between December 15, 2016 and January 15, 2017 from 32 Korean hospitals having 500 or more beds. First, 42 risk factors were extracted based on literature review and expert opinions. Then the importance of each factor was evaluated by 223 nurses from medical and surgical adult ward and intensive care units in 40 hospitals. Results: The incidence rate of falls in 18 hospitals was 3.87 per 1,000 total discharged patients and 0.55 per 1,000 patient-days, and the rate of injury-related falls was 40.5%. Major risk factors for falling were identified as the following: being over 65 years of age, history of falls during admission, physical mobility disorders requiring assistance, physical factors (dizziness or vertigo, unstable gait, general weakness, walking aids, visual problems), cognitive factors (delirium, lack of understanding on limitations), neurological disease, CNS medications Conclusion: The findings provide information that can be in the development of a fall risk assessment tool for inpatients in general hospitals in Korea.

칠정(七情) 자극 후 발생한 해역(咳逆).희기(噫氣) 환자 치혐 1례 (A Clinical Report about Hiccup and Eructation from Emotional Stress)

  • 김경수;이동원
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2002
  • 이상의 증례는 해역(咳逆)과 희기(噫氣)가 복합된 난치성 증상이 칠정(七情) 자극에 의하여 유발될 수 있음을 보여주었으며, 치료에 있어서도 약물(藥物)과 침구치료(針灸治療) 뿐만이 아니라 이정변기요법(移情變氣療法), 지언고론요법(至言高論療法), 경자평지료법(驚者平之療法), 가족치료(家族治療) 등 다양한 정신요법 들이 시도되어야만 호전될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 증례에 있어서 기질적(器質的) 병리변화(病理變化)와 정신적(精神的) 요소(要所)가 어떠한 정도로 관여하는지에 대하여는 향후의 자세한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

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통증위치에 따른 자세 치우침의 차이비교 (Changes in Postural Deviation Caused by the Pain Area)

  • 방상분;정호발
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2002
  • Purpose. This study was tried to compare the effect of the change in postural deviation caused by the pain side Subjects and Methods. Inpatients and outpatients (n=71) were selected from I hospital who have a musculoskeletal low back pain and shoulder pain without any history of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions, orthopaedic problems of the both lower extremities, or the vestibular and the visual default. For the control group, normal and healthy subjects (n=30) were selected without any history of weight bearing disorders. the weight bearing was rated by the computerized force plate. Results. 1) Postural deviation was not significant difference between patients and control group(p<0.01). But postural deviation in patients was more pronounced than control group. 2) There was significant difference of postural deviation between in patients according to the pain side(p<0.01). When the pain side was on the left side, postural deviation tended to the right. When the pain side was on the right side and vertebral body, postural deviation tended to the left. 3) There was no significant difference of postural deviation between regional pain in shoulder and regional pain in low back(p<0.01). Discussions and Conclusion. As a result, the pain, for sure, affected the good posture and its keeping process directly or/and indirectly. Therefore, as the postural deviation increases, the additional energy consumption increased by the works of the muscles to keep the good posture. Preponderated postural deviation, furthermore, could load too much to the musculoskeletal system, leading to increase the pain. The postural deviation, a result of the pain, can cause a secondary deformity of the distal area as a compensatory reaction, and this compensation actually become a cause of the musculoskeletal symptom back in a cycle. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of the musculoskeletal problem and the education of the posture correction should be given to decrease the pain, preventing the secondary deformities, and increasing muscle energy efficiency of the posture remaining muscles.

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Inhibition of GM3 Synthase Attenuates Neuropathology of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C by Affecting Sphingolipid Metabolism

  • Lee, Hyun;Lee, Jong Kil;Bae, Yong Chul;Yang, Song Hyun;Okino, Nozomu;Schuchman, Edward H.;Yamashita, Tadashi;Bae, Jae-Sung;Jin, Hee Kyung
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.161-171
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    • 2014
  • In several lysosomal storage disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C), sphingolipids, including glycosphingolipids, particularly gangliosides, are the predominant storage materials in the brain, raising the possibility that accumulation of these lipids may be involved in the NP-C neurodegenerative process. However, correlation of these accumulations and NP-C neuropathology has not been fully characterized. Here we derived NP-C mice with complete and partial deletion of the Siat9 (encoding GM3 synthase) gene in order to investigate the role of ganglioside in NP-C pathogenesis. According to our results, NP-C mice with homozygotic deletion of GM3 synthase exhibited an enhanced neuropathological phenotype and died significantly earlier than NP-C mice. Notably, in contrast to complete depletion, NP-C mice with partial deletion of the GM3 synthase gene showed ameliorated NP-C neuropathology, including motor disability, demyelination, and abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids. These findings indicate the crucial role of GM3 synthesis in the NP-C phenotype and progression of CNS pathologic abnormality, suggesting that well-controlled inhibition of GM3 synthesis could be used as a therapeutic strategy.

Subacute Oral Toxicity Study of Korean Red Ginseng Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

  • Park, Sang-Jin;Lim, Kwang-Hyun;Noh, Jeong-Ho;Jeong, Eun Ju;Kim, Yong-Soon;Han, Byung-Cheol;Lee, Seung-Ho;Moon, Kyoung-Sik
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2013
  • Ginseng is a well-known traditional medicine used in Asian countries for several thousand years, and it is currently applied to medicine, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements due to its many healing and energygiving properties. It is well demonstrated that ginsenosides, the main ingredient of ginseng, produce a variety of pharmacological and therapeutic effects on central nerve system (CNS) disorders, cardiovascular disease, endocrine secretions, aging, and immune function. Korean red ginseng extract is a dietary supplement containing ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 extracted from Panax ginseng. While the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the extract have been well established, its toxicological properties remain obscure. Thus, four-week oral toxicity studies in rats were conducted to investigate whether Korean red ginseng extract could have a potential toxicity to humans. The test article was administered once daily by oral gavage to four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Neither deaths nor clinical symptoms were observed in any group during the experiment. Furthermore, no abnormalities in body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, or histopathology were revealed related to the administration of the test article in either sex of any dosed group. Therefore, a target organ was not determined in this study, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Korean red ginseng extract was established to be 2,000 mg/kg/day.

3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response through the Activation of Nrf2 Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells

  • Lee, Jae-Won;Choi, Yong-Jun;Park, Jun-Ho;Sim, Jae-Young;Kwon, Yong-Soo;Lee, Hee Jae;Kim, Sung-Soo;Chun, Wanjoo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2013
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THC) is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acids, which have been reported to possess a variety of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. However, biological activity of THC has not been extensively examined. Recently, we reported that THC possesses anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. However, its precise mechanism by which THC exerts anti-inflammatory action has not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of THC in BV2 microglial cells. THC effectively suppressed the LPS-induced induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. THC also suppressed expression of MCP-1, which plays a key role in the migration of activated microglia. To understand the underlying mechanism by which THC exerts these anti-inflammatory properties, involvement of Nrf2, which is a cytoprotective transcription factor, was examined. THC resulted in increased phosphorylation of Nrf2 with consequent expression of HO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. THC-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 was blocked with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, indicating that p38 MAPK is the responsible kinase for the phosphorylation of Nrf2. Taken together, the present study for the first time demonstrates that THC exerts anti-inflammatory properties through the activation of Nrf2 in BV2 microglial cells, suggesting that THC might be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders in the CNS.

비음측정기를 사용한 구개열 언어의 평가 및 치료 (Assessment and Treatment of the Cleft Palate Speech Disorder by Use of the Nasometer)

  • 신효근;임대호;황상준;김동칠;김현기
    • 대한구순구개열학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2008
  • In cleft palate patient, characteristic of speech disorder is the resonance disorder result from velopharyngeal incompetence. Clinically VPI caused by congenital factor as congenital palatal incompetence, submucosal cleft palate, and caused by acquired factor as CNS damage, tumor, palatal palsy. The clinicians more concerned about the speech disorders after cleft palate surgery rather than language pathologist. The resonance disorder devided for hypernasality, hyponasality and nasal emission, but as a rule, hypernasality is typical phenomenon of the resonance disorder. Traditionally clinicians and language pathologists evaluated four-stage or five-stage of hypernasality by subjective assessment. Although language pathologist is well-trained, results of the language level should be different. In late 1980s, Kay Elemetrics Corp. developed nasometer that objective nasalance identified with well-trained language pathologist and originate from nasometer Tonar I and II were developed by Fletcher. Therefore objective nasalance test was possible, the nasometer used in hospital, collage and speech clinic both and home and abroad. Standardization of the cleft palate speech assessment must be settled without delay because of different character result in different language and different assessment results by dialect in same language. In our study, we provide the data base for the standardization of cleft palate speech assessment which through report of objective assessment method, speech therapy effects and problems result in interdisciplinary teamwork by nasometer use in treatment of cleft palate patient.

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Brugada 심전도 양상을 포함한 이미프라민에 의한 독성 부작용 1예 (A case of imipramine induced toxicity with Brugada electrocardiographic pattern in a toddler)

  • 최우연;박수민;한의정;김영남;조영국;마재숙
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제51권11호
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    • pp.1232-1235
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    • 2008
  • 삼환계 항우울제의 하나인 이미프라민은 우울장애와 야뇨증, 불안장애, 신경성 통증에 쓰인다. 그러나 이미프라민을 포함한 삼환계 항우울제는 많은 부작용이 관찰되는 데, 항콜린성 작용으로 초기에 입이 마르고 동공산대, 소변 정체, 동성빈맥을 보인다. 또한 중추신경계에 작용하여 섬망, 불안, 초조, 환각, 경련, 혼수를 야기할 수 있다. 그러나 앞에서 말한 부작용 보다도 치명적인 것인 삼환계 항우울제에 의해 소디움 채널 차단으로 인한 부정맥이다. QRS파의 연장과 QTc 연장, 넓은 QRS파 빈맥, Brugada 심전도 양상이 나타나며 이런 현상은 중탄산 나트륨을 통해 나트륨을 대량으로 공급하여 회복시킬 수 있다. 이미프라민을 포함한 삼환계 항우울제에는 아직도 널리 쓰이고 있지만 지금까지 소아에서 부정맥이 부작용으로 나타난 증례에 대한 보고가 없었다. 따라서 저자들은 이미프라민 과량복용 후 경련, 넓은 QRS파를 보이는 빈맥, Brugada 심전도 양상, 무뇨를 보인 환아를 경험, 치료하여 이를 보고한다.