• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1985년도 워크샵 및 심포지엄 북한산국립공원의 식생
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• pp.35-48
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• 1985

Plastids, which are organelles unique to plant cells, bear their own genome that is organized into DNA-protein complexes (nucleoids). Regulation of gene expression in the plastid has been extensively investigated because this organelle plays an important role in photosynthesis. Few attempts, however, have been made to characterize the regulation of plastid gene expression at the chromosomal structure, using plastid nucleoids. In this report, we summarize the recent progress in the characterization of DNA-binding proteins in plastids, with special emphasis on CND41, a DNA binding protein, which we recently identified in the choloroplast nucleoids from photomixotrophically cultured tobacco cells. CND41 is a protein of 502 amino acids which consisted of a transit peptide of 120 amino acids and a mature protein of 382 amino acids. The N-terminal of the 'mature' protein has lysine-rich region which is essential for DNA-binding. CNA41 also showed significant identities to some aspartyl proteases. Protease activity of purified CND41 has been recently confirmed and characterized. On the other hand, characterization of accumulation of CND41 both in wild type and transgenic tobacco with reduced amount of CND41 suggests that CND41 is a negative regulator in chloroplast gene expression. Further investigation indicated that gene expression of CND41 is cell-specifically and developmentally regulated as well as sugar-induced expression. The reduction of CND41 expression in transgenic tobacco also brought the stunted plant growth due to the reduced cell length in stem. GA3 treatment on apical meristem reversed the dwarf phenotype in the transformants. Effects of CND41 expression on GA biosynthesis will be discussed

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2020

Background: Prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) in clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of prophylactic ipsilateral CND compared with bilateral CND in total thyroidectomy for cN0 unilateral PTC. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 174 patients who underwent total thyroidectomies with prophylactic CND for cN0 unilateral PTC between January 2009 and May 2010. The prophylactic CND patients were divided into group 1, the ipsilateral CND group (n=74), and group 2, the bilateral CND group (n=100). The incidence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and postoperative complications, such as hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and recurrence were assessed. Results: CLNM was found in 22 (29.8%) in group 1 and 69 (69%) in group 2. The incidence of postoperative severe hypocalcemia less than 7.0 was also significantly different (six patients [8.1%] in group 1 and 23 [23%] in group 2; p=0.009). Permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly more frequent in group 2 (4.1% vs. 19%; p=0.005). However, the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism, recurrence, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was not significantly different. Conclusion: Prophylactic ipsilateral CND has advantage not only to reduce incidence of some complications but also to have similar recurrence rate compared with bilateral CND. We suggest that prophylactic ipsilateral CND may be safe and effective for selected patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for cN0 unilateral PTC.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

Plastids, which are organelles unique to plant cells, bear their own genome that is organized into DNA-protein complexes (nucleoids). Regulation of gene expression in the plastid has been extensively investigated because this organelle plays an important role in photosynthesis. Few attempts, however, have been made to characterize the regulation of plastid gene expression at the chromosomal structure, using plastid nucleoids. In this report, we summarize the recent progress in the characterization of DNA-binding proteins in plastids, with special emphasis on CND41, a DNA binding protein, which we recently identified in the choloroplast nucleoids from photomixotrophically cultured tobacco cells. CND41 is a protein of 502 amino acids which consisted of a transit peptide of 120 amino acids and a mature protein of 382 amino acids. The N-terminal of the 'mature' protein has lysine-rich region which is essential for DNA-binding. CNA41 also showed significant identities to some aspartyl proteases. Protease activity of purified CND41 has been recently confirmed and characterized. On the other hand, characterization of accumulation of CND41 both in wild type and transgenic tobacco with reduced amount of CND41 suggests that CND41 is a negative regulator in chloroplast gene expression. Further investigation indicated that gene expression of CND41 is cell-specifically and developmentally regulated as well as sugar-induced expression. The reduction of CND41 expression in transgenic tobacco also brought the stunted plant growth due to the reduced cell length in stem. GA3 treatment on apical meristem reversed the dwarf phenotype in the transformants. Effects of CND41 expression on GA biosynthesis will be discussed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.871-876
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• 2011

In the present study, we investigated the compositions, antioxidant activities and anti-tumor effects of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (APD) as well as blanched leaves (CNBD) and dried leaves (CND) from Cirsium setidens Nakai on HepG2 cells. Water and ash contents were increased in CND. Protein and lipid contents were increased in CNBD. K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu contents of CND were higher than those of CNDB and APD. P contents was significantly decreased in CND. Yields of CND was reached high levels, but TPC, TFC, acacetin, apigenin, cynarin contents, and antioxidant activity were higher in APD. Viability of HepG2 liver cells was significantly decreased in APD. Therefore, extracts of APD are more effective preventing the liver cancer than extracts of CND and CNBD.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.41.3-41.3
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• 2015

The supermassive black hole (SMBH) of our Galactic Center is surrounded by the circumnuclear disk (CND) in the radii of about 2-3 pc. New data from the Submillimeter Array and Green Bank Telescope clearly reveal the irregular and clumpy structures of the CND and its surroundings which may be a dynamically evolving integrated system. The CND seems to be the convergence of the various gas streamers inflowing, shaped mostly via local disturbances associated with, rather than a quasi-stationary stable structure.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2010

질감 정보는 객체 인식과 분류에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 정확한 질환 판별을 위해 분류에서 사용되는 질감 특징은 식별성이 높아야 한다. 본 논문에서는 질감-기반 영상 검색 및 폐기종 진단을 위해 컴퓨터 조력진단(Computer-Aided Diagnosis) 시스템을 위한 새로운 질감 기술자를 제안한다. 제안한 질감 기술자는 이웃화소간의 차이값과 중심화소와 이웃화소간의 차이 값의 결합에 기반을 두고 있어 결합된 주변화소 차이(Combined Neighborhood Difference; CND)라고 한다. 화소들간의 CND는 비교후 이진 코드워드로 변환된다. 그다음에, 식별성이 높은 값을 생성하기 위하여 이진 계수가 코드워드에 할당된다. 이와 같은 값들의 분포가 계산되어 질감 특징 벡터를 구성한다. Outex와 Brodatz 데이터집합을 이용한 질감 특징 분류에 관련하여 CND는 92.5%의 정확성을 보이는 데 비해, LBP, LND와 Gabor 픽터는 89.3%, 90.7%와 83.6%의 정확성을 각각 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 CND를 이용한 폐기종의 진단 기능을 CAD 시스템에서 구현하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2010년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.625-628
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• 2010

This paper proposes a novel feature extraction method for unsupervised multispectral image segmentation based in one dimensional combined neighborhood differences (1D CND). In contrast with the original CND, which is applied with traditional image, 1D CND is computed on a single pixel with various bands. The proposed algorithm utilizes the sign of differences between bands of the pixel. The difference values are thresholded to form a binary codeword. A binomial factor is assigned to these codeword to form another unique value. These values are then grouped to construct the 1D CND feature image where is used in the unsupervised image segmentation. Various experiments using two LANDSAT multispectral images have been performed to evaluate the segmentation and classification accuracy of the proposed method. The result shows that 1D CND feature outperforms the spectral feature, with average classification accuracy of 87.55% whereas that of spectral feature is 55.81%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1135-1156
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• 2014

The ratcheting effect greatly challenges the design of piping components. With the assistance of the quasi-three point bending apparatus, ratcheting and the ratcheting boundary of pressurized straight Z2CND18.12N stainless steel pipe under bending loading and vertical displacement control were studied experimentally. The characteristics of progressive inelastic deformation in axial and hoop directions of the Z2CND18.12N stainless steel pipes were investigated. The experiment results show that the ratcheting strain occurs mainly in the hoop direction while there is less ratcheting strain in the axial direction. The characteristics of the bending ratcheting behavior of the pressure pipes were derived and compared under load control and displacement control, respectively. The results show that the cyclic bending loading and the internal pressure affect the ratcheting behavior of the pressurized straight pipe significantly under load control. In the meantime, the ratcheting characteristics are also highly associated with the cyclic displacement and the internal pressure under displacement control. All these factors affect not only the saturation of the ratcheting strain but the ratcheting strain rate. A series of multi-step bending ratcheting experiments were conducted under both control modes. It was found that the hardening effect of Z2CND18.12N stainless steel pipe under previous cyclic loadings no matter with high or low displacement amplitudes is significant, and the prior loading histories greatly retard the ratcheting strain and its rate under subsequent loadings. Finally, the ratcheting boundaries of the pressurized straight Z2CND18.12N stainless steel pipe were determined and compared based on KTA/ASME, RCC-MR and the experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2018

The specimens made by Z2CND18.12N austenitic stainless steel were conducted on a 100 kN closed loop servo hydraulic tension-compression testing machine with a digital controller. Uniaxial tension and uniaxial ratcheting effect tests were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover, Uniaxial tension tests were conducted at $150^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$. Based on these experimental data, the prediction models of stress-strain curve and the relationship of ratcheting strain and number of cycles were established by the algorithm principle of BP neural network. The results indicated that the predicted results of neural network model were in well agreement with experimental data. It was found that the BP neural network model had high validity and accuracy.

• 천문학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

We investigate the plausibility of mass return, from stellar mass loss processes within the central ~100 pc region of the Milky Way (the inner nuclear bulge), as a mass supply mechanism for the Circumnuclear Disk (CND). Gas in the Galactic disk migrates inward to the Galactic centre due to the asymmetric potential caused by the Galactic bar. The inward migration of gas stops and accumulates to form the central molecular zone (CMZ), at 100-200 pc from the Galactic center. It is commonly assumed that stars have formed in the CMZ throughout the lifetime of the Galaxy and have diffused inward to form a 'r-2 stellar cusp' within the inner nuclear bulge. We propose that the stars migrating inward from the CMZ supply gas to the inner nuclear bulge via stellar mass loss, resulting in the formation of a gas disk along the Galactic plane and subsequent inward migration down to the central 10 pc region (CND). We simulate the evolution of a gas distribution that initially follows the stellar distribution of the aforementioned stellar cusp, and illustrate the potential gas supply toward the CND.