• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1458-1469
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• 2018

This paper proposes a novel common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination (CMV-EL) method based on model predictive control (MPC) to eliminate CMV for three-level T-type inverters (3LT2Is). In the proposed MPC method, only six medium and one zero voltage vectors (VVs) (6MV1Z) that generate zero CMV are considered as candidates to perform the MPC. Moreover, the influence of dead-time effects on the CMV of the MPC-based 6MV1Z method is investigated, and the candidate VVs are redesigned by pre-excluding the VVs that will cause CMV fluctuations during the dead time from 6MV1Z. Only three or five VVs are included to perform optimization in every control period, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Thus, a small control period can be implemented in the practical applications to achieve improved grid current performance. With the proposed CMV-EL method, the CMV of the $3LT^2Is$ can be effectively eliminated. In addition, the proposed CMV-EL method can balance the neutral point potentials (NPPs) and yield satisfactory performance for grid current tracking in steady and dynamic states. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2011

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)는 신 이식 후 발생하는 감염의 가장 흔한 원인으로, 예방요법과 새로운항 바이러스 제제의 도입에도 불구하고 심각한 결과를 초래하며, 거부반응을 촉진한다는 의견도 제시되고 있다. 저자들은 이식 전 CMV 양성이었던 환아에서 후기 CMV 질환이 발병한 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 이식 6개월 후 mycophenolate mofetil ((MMF)을 투여한 후로 설사와 복통을 호소하던 환아는 이식 후 8개월에 소장이 파열되었다. 환아는 6주간의 치료후에 호전되었다. CMV감염의 위험 인자로 MMF의 역할에 대해서는 더 논의가 필요하나, MMF 투여 시이식 후 바이러스 감염에 대한 주의와 주기적인 추적 관찰이 필요하다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2015

CMV 바이러스 저항성 H15 고추 도입유전자의 발현산물인 CMV-CP 단백질의 80개씩의 아미노산 비교에서 35% 보다 큰 상동성을 갖거나 8개 이상의 일련된 아미노산 염기 서열이 일치하는 알레르겐은 존재하지 않는 것이 확인되었으며, 따라서 CMV-CP 단백질 서열은 기지의 알레르겐과 구조적 및 면역학적으로 연관된 유사성이 없음을 확인하였다. 형질전환에 따른 특성 변화를 비교하기 위해 서로 다른 지역에서 재배된 CMV 바이러스 저항성 H15 고추 및 그 모본의 발현 단백질 항원 농도와 그 분포를 비교한 결과 발현된 단백질의 양상과 양은 재배 연도 및 환경적 영향에 따른 차이가 발견되었지만, 동일한 연도에 같은 장소에서 재배된 유전자변형 고추와 그 모본 사이에서의 차이는 발견되지 않아 형질전환으로 인한 특성변화는 없는 것으로 확인 되었다. 환자 혈청을 이용해 immunoblotting법과 ELISA법으로 확인한 항원-항체 반응성 비교에서도 CMV 바이러스 저항성 H15 고추와 그 모본 P2377사이에 차이가 없는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합할 때, 유전자변형 고추 H15는 그 모본과 비교하여 형질전환으로 인한 알레르기성의 변화는 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2011

Pepper mild mosaic virus (PMMoV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are important pathogens in various vegetable crops worldwide. We have found that methanol extracts of Quercus dentate (Oaimyo Oak) gal/nut strongly inhibit PMMoV and CMV infection. Based on this result, the inhibitor named as "KN0912" formulated from the extract of Q. dentate gallnut was tested for its inhibitory effects on PMMoV or CMV infection to each local lesion host plant (Nicotiana glutinosa; PMMoV, Chenopodium amaranticolor; CMV). Pre-treatment effect of KN0912 against infections of each virus to local host plant was measured to be $75.1{\pm}0.5{\sim}97.5{\pm}1.5%$ to PMMoV and $70.6{\pm}2.2{\sim}99.0{\pm}1.0%$ to CMV in 1~10mg/ml conc. and the absorption effect of the antiviral composition of KN0912 to the inside of tobacco leaves tissue, was inhibited by 55.7% to PMMoV and 63.8% to CMV. The persistence of KN0912 treatment was maintained until after the 3 days high inhibitory effect by 98% to PMMoV and by 95.1% to CMV. Inhibitory effects on systemic host plants of KN0912 were measured to be 80~90% to PMMoV and 60~75% to CMV. From the change of morphological characteristics of PMMoV particles under EM, we are tentatively suggested that one mode of action of KN0912 is inactivation due to the destruction of virus particles.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2021

The transcription factor SHE1 was identified as an interacting partner with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 1a protein in the yeast two-hybrid system, by a pull-down assay, and via bimolecular fluorescent complementation. Using fluorescent-tagged proteins and confocal microscopy, the CMV 1a protein itself was found distributed predominantly between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane, although it was also found in speckles in the cytoplasm. The SHE1 protein was localized in the nucleus, but in the presence of the CMV 1a protein was partitioned between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane. SHE1 expression was induced by infection of tobacco with four tested viruses: CMV, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X and potato virus Y. Transgenic tobacco expressing the CMV 1a protein showed constitutive expression of SHE1, indicating that the CMV 1a protein may be responsible for its induction. However, previously, such plants also were shown to have less resistance to local and systemic movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing the green fluorescent protein, suggesting that the CMV 1a protein may act to prevent the function of the SHE1 protein. SHE1 is a member of the AP2/ERF class of transcription factors and is conserved in sequence in several Nicotiana species, although two clades of SHE1 could be discerned, including both different Nicotiana species and cultivars of tobacco, varying by the presence of particular insertions or deletions.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

경북 영양지역 노지고추 재배지에서 2012년부터 2016년까지 바이러스 증상를 보이는 시료를 채집하여 RT-PCR로 바이러스 감염양상을 조사하였다. 수집된 시료에 감염된 바이러스는 CMV 46.1%, BBWV2 41.5%, PepMoV 2.0%, PVY 2.0%, PMMoV 4.4%, TSWV 0.1%로 CMV와 BBWV2가 영양지역 노지고추에서 우점하는 바이러스로 나타났다. 바이러스 감염형태는 복합감염이 62.6%로 단독감염 31.2% 보다 많았다. 단독감염은 CMV가 19.1%로 가장 많았으며, BBWV2도 11.4%의 발생률을 보였다. 복합감염은 CMV+BBWV2 발생률이 49.3%로 가장 많았으며, 3종 및 4종 복합감염에서도 대부분 CMV+BBWV2를 포함하는 감염형태를 나타내었다. CMV 단독감염에서는 모자이크, 퇴록, 괴저, 황화 병징을 보였으며 BBWV2 단독감염은 퇴록, 모자이크 병징을 나타내었다. CMV와 BBWV2 복합감염은 퇴록과 심한 모자이크, 기형 병징을 일으켰다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

Quorum quenching (QQ) with a microbial vessel has recently been reported as an economically feasible biofouling control platform in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. In this study, a quorum quenching MBR with a ceramic microbial vessel (CMV) was designed to overcome the extremely low F/M ratio inside a microbial vessel. The CMV was prepared with a monolithic ceramic microporous membrane and AHL-degrading QQ bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 1A1. The "inner flow feeding mode" was introduced, under which fresh feed was supplied to the MBR only through the center lumen in the CMV. The inner flow feeding mode facilitated nutrient transport to QQ bacteria in the CMV and thus enabled relatively long-term maintenance of cell viability. The quorum quenching effect of the CMV on controlling membrane biofouling in the MBR was more pronounced with the inner flow feeding mode, which was identified by the slower increase in the transmembrane pressure as well as by the visual observation of a biocake that formed on the used membrane surface. In the QQ MBR with the CMV, the concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances were substantially decreased in the biocake on the membrane surface compared with those in the conventional MBR. The CMV also showed its potential with effective biofouling control over long-term operation of the QQ MBR.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.425-432
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• 1998

Gentian plants (Gentiana spp.) showing yellow ringspot, mosaic, necrotic fleck and malformation were collected from their growing areas in Taegu, Kyungpook province and Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station, Korea. Three viruses isolated from the naturally infected gentian were identified as broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and clover yellow vein virus identified as broad bean wilt virus (CIYVV) by their host range, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and electron microscopy. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained preparations showed that BBWV and CMV are spherical particles of 28 nm and 30 nm in diameter, and CIYVV is filamentous particles of ca. 780 nm in length. By ISEM, BBWV was detected mainly in gentian showing yellow ringspot and mottle, CIYVV in necrotic fleck leaf of gentian and CMV in narrow and distorted mosaic leaf of gentian. BBWV and CMV are the most prevalent in the cultivated gentian. In ultrathin sections of BBWV infected tissues, large aggregates of crystalline array of virus particles and vesicular body were found in the cytoplasm and vacuole of mesophyll cells. In case of CIYVV, pinwheel- and laminated aggregate-type inclusions as well as filamentous virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.82-85
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• 1999

The movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is required for cell-to-cell movement of viral RNA. The movement of viral RNA occurs through the plant intercellular connection, the plasmodesmata. The viral movement protein was known to be multi-functional. In this work, a series of deletion mutants of CMV movement protein gene were created to identify the functional domains. The mutated movement proteins were produced as inclusion body in E. coli, and purified and renatured. A polyclonal antibody was raised against the CMV-Kor strain (Korean isolate) movement protein expressed in E. coli. The ability of the truncated proteins to bind to ssRNA was assayed by UV cross-linking and gel retardation analyses. The results indicate that the domain between amino acids 118 and 160 of CMV movement protein is essential for ssRNA binding.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

목질진흙버섯(Phellinus linteus)을 액체 배양한 균사체의 열수 추출물을 이용하여 PMMoV 및 CMV에 대한 감염억제효과를 검정한 결과, PMMoV 및 CMV에 높은 감염억제효과가 발견되었다. 이 결과를 토대로, P. linteus 균사체의 열수추출물을 주성분으로 제제화한 PLM-WE1의 효능 평가를 위하여, PMMoV 및 CMV의 국부감염 기주식물에서 PLM-WE1의 바이러스 접종전 처리효과, 엽이면 처리시의 감염억제효과 및 PLM-WE1의 지속효과 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, PLM-WE1(처리농도 10 mg/ml)의 바이러스 접종전 처리시의 감염억제율은 PMMoV 99.2%와 CMV 80.3%이었으며, 본 제제(농도 5 mg/ml)의 엽이면 처리시의 감염억제율은 PMMoV 45.0%와 CMV 41.9%, 약효지속성은 처리 3일 후까지 PMMoV 75%와 CMV 62% 수준으로 감염억제 효과를 보였다. 바이러스 전신감염기 주식물을 이용한 감염억제효과는 PMMoV 75~85%와 CMV 75%이었다. PLM-WE1제제의 바이러스 감염억제 기작을 해석하기 위하여, 정제한 PMMoV에 제제를 혼합하여 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 바이러스 입자의 형태적 변화는 관찰되지 않아, PLM-WE1의 바이러스 감염억제기작은 바이러스입자의 응집(aggregation) 작용과는 다른 기작에 의한 것임이 추정되었다. 목질진흙버섯 균사체로부터 식물바이러스 감염억제 성분의 분리 및 동정을 위하여 유기용매분획, 산 가수분해 및 에탄올 분별침전을 실시하여 고활성 분획을 수득하였다. 이 분획물을 $^1H$-NMR 및 $^{13}C$-NMR을 이용하여 분석한 결과, $\alpha$- 또는 $\beta$-glucan이 결합된 다당류(polysaccharide)로 확인되었다.