• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2014

Recently, a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, named as CMV-209, was isolated from Glycine soja. In this study, symptom expression of CMV-209 was analyzed in detail in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing with that of CMV-Fny, which is a representative strain of CMV. Using infectious cDNA clones of CMV strains 209 and Fny, symptom expression of various pseudorecombinants between these two strains were examined in the early and late infection stages. In the early infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing Fny-RNA2 induced stunting and leaf distortion on the newly emerged leaves whereas the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA2 caused no obvious symptoms. In the late infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA1 and Fny-RNA2 induced severe leaf distortion and stunting, while CMV-209 induced mild symptom and CMV-Fny caused typical mosaic, general stunting, and leaf distortion symptoms, indicating that RNA 2 encodes a symptom determinant(s) of CMV, which is capable of enhancing symptoms. Furthermore, our results support the possibility that natural recombination between compatible viruses can result in emergence of novel viruses causing severe damages in crop fields.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2021

Treatment guidelines for postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection in preterm have not been established yet. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, colitis, and sepsis-like disease are among the clinical manifestations, which range from moderate to serious. We present a case of autopsy diagnosed as pCMV infection in a premature infant delivered at gestational age of 24 weeks and 5 days. On the 7th and 14th days of birth, urinary CMV polymerase chain reaction samples were negative, ruling out congenital CMV infection. However, autopsy examination revealed that the patient had disseminated pCMV infection. CMV inclusion bodies were found in the majority of tissues, including the lung, liver, pancreas, breast, kidney, and adrenal gland, but not the placenta. The thymus exhibited significant cortical atrophy and T-cell immunodeficiency, possibly induced by dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia or by pCMV infection itself. If dexamethasone treatment is extended or high doses are considered, it may be beneficial to test the CMV infection status to prevent aggravation of infection. This case demonstrates that, despite the low prevalence, pCMV infection should be considered a differential diagnosis in preterm if other conditions or etiology cannot justify clinical deterioration.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2011

모자이크증상을 나타내는 열무로부터 Cucumber mosaic virus의 한 계통을 분리하고 특성을 조사하였다. Vigna unguiculata, Chenopodium amaranticolor and Gomphrena globosa에서 분리 바이러스의 기주반응과 dsRNA 분석, RT-PCR 검정, PCR-RFLP, 혈청학적 분석을 통하여 CMV의 한 계통임을 확인하였다. 이 CMV 계통을 다양한 지표식물에 접종하였을 때, Nicotiana benthamiana와 N. glutinosa, N. tabacum, 고추, 오이 그리고 멜론에서는 전형적인 강한 모자이크 병징이 나타났으나, 열무, 배추, 적갓은 매우 약한 병징을 나타내는 특징을 보였다. 새롭게 분리된 CMV 계통은 가지과, 박과 및 배추과 등 광범위한 작물에 감염성을 나타내었으며, 배추과에서의 감염성 차이를 근거로 Gn-CMV로 명명하였다. Double-stranded (ds) RNA를 분리한 분석에서 Gn-CMV는 기 보고된 CMV 계통과 마찬가지로 3.3, 3.0, 그리고 2.2 kb의 독립된 게놈으로 구성되어 있었으며, SDS-PAGE와 Western blotting 분석으로 통하여 28 kDa의 외피단백질을 확인할 수 있었다. RT-PCR로 얻어진 증폭산물을 Cac8I, ClaI and MspI을 이용한 PCR-RFLP를 통하여 CMV subgroup I 임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

최근 토공사 품질관리를 위한 지능형 다짐 기술이 토공사 품질관리 기준으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지능형 다짐기술과 이를 활용한 토공사 품질관리 기준을 분석하고, 현장시험을 통해 지능형 다짐기술을 활용한 토공사 품질관리 시험시공 절차에 대해 고찰하였다. 실트질 모래(SM) 성토재의 현장다짐시험을 통해 다짐 횟수가 증가할수록 CMV와 기존의 다짐품질 시험결과 값이 증가하는 상관성을 확인하였다. 시험시공 데이터를 토대로 평균 CMV 및 품질관리 목표 CMV 도출을 하였다. 평판재하시험 지지력계수와 상관성 통해 목표 CMV(34.2)와 CMV 증가율 분석방법을 통해 목표 CMV(36.6)를 산정하였다. 본 논문을 통해 지능형 다짐기술을 이용한 현장 다짐 품질관리 절차 및 방법론에 대하여 논의하였으며, 아울러 해당 기술의 국내 적용 가능성을 고취시키기 위한 지능형 다짐 품질관리 방안을 제언하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

Three strains of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) have been found to cause a lethal disease, referred to as fern leaf syndromes and mild mosaic symptoms in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops grown in Kuwait. CMV strains were detected and identified based on host range, symptomatology, serology, electron microscopy, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. A high degree of viral genomic heterogeneity was detected among CMV strains isolated in Kuwait, with no apparent correlation to symptomatology in tomato host plants. Two different virus satellites of 'CMV associated RNA 5', designated CARNA 5, were detected in two virus strains that caused both lethal disease and mild symptoms, designated CMV-D1 and CMV-S1 respectively. CARNA5 was not detected in the third CMV strain that caused fern leaf syndromes designated CMV-F. All the three isolated strains were serologically indistinguishable from each other and may belong to one serotype according to Ouchterlony gel diffusion tests. These strains transmitted via aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz) in a non-persistent manner. Physical properties of the virus strains were very similar where thermal inactivation test showed that virus withstood heating for 10 min at $70^{/circ}$, dilution end point was $10^{-4}$, and the longevity in vitro at room temperature was less than 5 days for all virus strains. CMV-D1 and CMV-F were the most devastating diseases spreading in both greenhouse and field-grown tomato where aborted flower buds failed on fruit setting due to the viral infection. This is the first report to isolate three different strains of CMV in Kuwait.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2011

A virus causing mottle and stunt symptom on Zea mays was observed around Ulleng-do, Korea and identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-ZM) based upon biological, serological, and molecular characteristics. In host range studies, the CMV-ZM isolate produced local lesions on Datura stramonium, Vigna unguiculata, Cucurbita moschata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Ch. quinoa, whereas this isolate produced systemic mosaic on Nicotiana tabacum cv. 'Xanthi-nc', Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Cucurbita pepo, and Z. mays. In addition, chlorotic local rings on inoculated leaves along with severe mosaic, malformation, and fern leaf symptoms on upper systemic leaves were shown in N. glutinosa plants. Complete nucleotide sequences of each genomic RNA segment was determined and compared to those of the other CMV strains. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of 1a open reading frame (ORF) revealed approximately 89.2-92.4% sequence identity with each CMV subgroup IA and IB strain, while showing only 78% sequence identity with CMV subgroup II. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA2 ORFs revealed 85.3-97.6% sequence identity with subgroup I. In ORFs of RNA3, levels of nucleotide sequence identities were higher than 92-99.2% with CMV subgroup I and lower than 82% with CMV isolates of subgroup II. These results suggest that CMV-ZM isolate is more closely related to subgroup I than subgroup II and therefore, CMV-ZM isolate might be classified into as CMV subgroup I based on biological and molecular analysis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2006

Cultivated hot pepper crops showing severe mosaic symptom were found in Korea in 2004 and their causal agent was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These pepper crops was resistant to the virus in the filled, and they belonged to pathotype 0 (P0) resistant pepper. Resistance screening of selected pepper plants showed that a pepper isolate of CMV was the P0 resistance-breaking virus. This P0 resistance-breaking isolate of CMV, named as Ca-P1, was isolated from leaves of the virus-infected Capsicum annuum cv. Manidda that showed systemic severe mosaic symptom. Ca-P1-CMV could induce systemic mosaic symptoms on P0-susceptible (P0-S) and P0-resistant (P0-R) cultivars whereas an ordinary strain (Fny-CMV) could not infect P0-R. This result suggests that Ca-P1-CMV can overcome P0 resistant pepper cultivars. To analyze its genome sequence, the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA3 of Ca-P1-CMV was determined from the infectious full-length cDNA clone of the virus. RNA3 of Ca-P1-CMV consisted of 2,219 nucleotides. Overall sequence homology of RNA3-encoded two viral proteins (movement protein and coat protein) revealed high similarity (75.2-97.2%) with the known CMV strains. By sequence analysis with known representative strains of CMV, Ca-P1-CMV belongs to a typical member of CMV subgroup IB. The resistance and resistance-breaking mechanisms of pepper and counterpart CMV, respectively, remain to be investigated, which will enrich the genetic resources and accelerate CMV-resistant pepper breeding programs.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2009

자운영답 입모부족시 생초량 증진방법을 구명하고자 실시한 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 3월초에 Sethoxydim 유제로 둑새풀을 일찍 방제시 방제가가 84%로 높았으나 처리시기가 늦을 수록 방제효과는 낮았다. 2. 둑새풀 방제후(처리 76일 후) 자운영 입모수는 처리전과 비슷하였고 가을철 재입모수도 처리전에 비해 $2.2{\sim}2.6$배가 증가 하였으나 무처리는 둑새풀과 경합에 의해 자운영 입모수가 감소하였다. 3. 둑새풀 방제후 자운영 건물중은 자운영 피복도가 20%일때 63%, 50% 피복도일 때 164%가 증가하였고 질소함량으로는 12.3 kg, 16.4 kg/10a으로 표준질소시비량 9 kg/10a 보다 높았다. 4. 둑새풀 방제에 따른 쌀 수량은 기계이앙 및 부분경운 이앙 모두 무방제와 비슷하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

전국 52개 지역에서 2002년, 2004년에서 2006년, 4년 간 고추 바이러스 이병물을 채집하여 바이러스 감염양상을 조사하였다. 감염된 바이러스 종류는 Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV), Pepper mottle virus(PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus(TMGMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) 6종이었다. CMV, PepMoV PMMoV와 BBWV2의 발생률은 각각 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%이었다. TMGMV와 TSWV의 발생률은 1.0%로 매우 낮았다. 2002년과 2004년의 CMV 발생률은 53.3%와 34.2%로 가장 높았으나 2005년과 2006년에는 18.2%와 11.9%로 감소하였다. BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 1.3%, 2004년에 1.8%로 낮았으나, 2005년에 41.3%, 2006년에 58.2%로 크게 증가하였다. CMV+BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 0.0%, 2004년에 2.1%이었으나 2005년과 2006년에 각각 33.3%와 83.2% 증가하여 BBWV2의 단독감염과 함께 복합감염에서도 급격히 증가하였고 CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV의 삼중 복합감염률은 평균 6.4%이었다. CMV는 고추 잎에 심한 모자이크병징, BBWV2는 원형반점 병징을 일으키며, CMV와 BBWV2의 복합감염 경우에는 퇴록병징을 일으켰다. TSWV는 고추 잎과 과일에 전형적인 다중 원형반점을 일으켰다.