• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

The dome structure has been treated in two layers among the techniques that have formed the space in Baroque architecture and the light used to be manipulated to create the openness of space and the fantasy of atmosphere. Such an expression technique has influenced on the expression of space in the architecture of New York Five in the 1960s to 1970s and the concept of multiple space embellished with various layers has appeared in the architectural concept of New York Five; meanwhile, the common meaning with the technique of double layers and the ways of phenomenal expressions that have recognized the existence of space in the Baroque period has been achieved through the light, immaterial organism. It means that the existing concept of light limited simply to the plane elements of brightness and darkness has been treated as a formative element that has defined and adjusted the visual expansion and reduction of the space Itself and special existence and has been used as an element of the media of spatial structure. In addition, these elements have been treated as another solution for the emotional aspects of space. Therefore, this study compares the plastic and formative meaning of the Baroque architecture with that of New York Five in terms of the relation between space and light and examines them; in doing so, it will give a clue to understand various and new space expression techniques to many architects and space designers who have led modern architecture.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2017

Solar wind density depletions are phenomena that solar wind density is rapidly decreased and keep the state. They are generally believed to be caused by the interplanetary (IP) shocks. However, there are other cases that are hardly associated with IP shocks. We set up a hypothesis for this phenomenon and analyze this study. We have collected the solar wind parameters such as density, speed and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data related to the solar wind density depletion events during the period from 1996 to 2013 that are obtained with the advanced composition explorer (ACE) and the Wind satellite. We also calculate two pressures (magnetic, dynamic) and analyze the relation with density depletion. As a result, we found total 53 events and the most these phenomena's sources caused by IP shock are interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME). We also found that solar wind density depletions are scarcely related with IP shock's parameters. The solar wind density is correlated with solar wind dynamic pressure within density depletion. However, the solar wind density has an little anti-correlation with IMF strength during all events of solar wind density depletion, regardless of the presence of IP shocks. Additionally, In 47 events of IP shocks, we find 6 events that show a feature of blast wave. The quantities of IP shocks are weaker than blast wave from the Sun, they are declined in a short time after increasing rapidly. We thus argue that IMF strength or dynamic pressure are an important factor in understanding the nature of solar wind density depletion. Since IMF strength and solar wind speed varies with solar cycle, we will also investigate the characteristics of solar wind density depletion events in different phases of solar cycle as an additional clue to their physical nature.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.21
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• pp.177-206
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• 2000

In the study of iron artifacts, microstructure investigation is an indispensable step to find out the manufacturing method and skill. The iron weapons that we have excavated and investigated at the ruins of Gohyun Castle site, Hadong-gun, Kyungnam Province are traced to the era of Choson Dynasty. By sampling specimens of some artifacts, we have made microstructure investigation and component analysis of them. For microstructure investigation we used metallographic microscopes, and for component analysis we used the methods of C/S analysis and Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) analysis which is designed to verify components and contenets of a very small amount elememt. Microstructure of the artifacts is mainly divided into three parts. Inner part is Widmanstatten, a typical overheated structure, upon which we can see another part with fine grains and with extremely small quantities of carbon. And on the surface, there is a carbonized part. When the shape is formed through forging process at a high temperature the carbon content of the surface is getting down and the grains come to be finer. Next, carbonizing process is to be done for hardening the surface, which is followed by cooling process. Cooling rates seem to be different from artifacts to artifacts. All artifacts have clearly distinguishable grain boundaries in their unique structure. Since this kind of structure is rarely found, it seems to offer a clue to find out the manufacturing method. The outcome of component analysis is almost the same with that of microstructure investigation. As is demonstrated by C/S analysis, carbon content is 0.39-1.24% and sulfur is contained 0.0005-0.010%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 1997

Cigarette smoking is known to suppress both 1-methy14-phenyl-155,Ltetrahydropy-ridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise mechanism underlying its protective action against PD is not clearly elucidated yet. In order to find possible clue on the mechanism of protective action of smoking, we investigated the inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke components on rat brain mitochondria1 monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), responsible enzyme for the activation of MPTP to its toxic metabolitesr and identified the components having an inhibitory potency on this enzyme from cigarette smoke. Total 31 eligible constituents including nicotine were selected from cigarette smoke condensates via solvents partitioning and silica gel chromatographic separation, and inhibitory potencies of 19 components on MAO-B were determined. Hydroquinone and methylcatechol, the phenolic components, showed the strongest inhibitory potencies on MAO-B activity in the components tested. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamino, myosmine and indole in basic fracton, eugenol in phenolic fraction, and farnesol in neutral fraction also inhibited the enzyme activity dose-dependently. Among tobacco alkaloids tested only myosmine was effective for the inhibition of this enzyme. These results suggest that the decrease in MAO-B activity by such components derived from cigarette smoke seems to be related to the suppression of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and to the less incidence of Parkinson's disease in smokers than in nonsmokers.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

This study was designed to analyse the performance and the mechanisms of workers' participation and communications in industrial accident prevention activities leading to the reduction of industrial accidents. This study also aimed to find out the causal relationship influencing the promotion of prevention activities of industrial accidents. Of the manufacturing businesses with more than 5 workers as the population of the survey, a questionnaire was conducted with 2,500 workspaces chosen by stratified sampling. Out of 2500 workspaces, 971 workspaces equipped with industrial safety and health committee were analysed in this study. According to the results of this study, the primary influential factors on safety activities were the management of industrial accidents and the cooperations between supervisors and workers on site. The secondary influential factor was the establishment of industrial safety and health committee. Regarding the effectiveness of industrial accident reduction, -0.01 was shown by workplace safety activities by themselves and -0.09 was shown by participation and communications through indirect safety activities. This indicated workers' participation and communications play an important role in the reduction of industrial accidents. By discovering the clue to the mechanism of the workers' participation and communications, this study is expected to stimulate the reduction of industrial accidents by emphasizing the importance of workers' participation and communications in resolving the safety and health problem in the workplaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.101-111
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the features of the conversational patterns presented on the fashion in the early 2000's and analyze it from cultural view. The expression of the patterns is a result of a creative aesthetic activity, mental activity, and the reflection of the common cognition. And the fashion is a part of the life environment. So the patterns presented on the fashion provides a clue to figure out the common unconscious sense for explaining the culture. The patterns have been expressed with different methods belonging to each culture such as weaving and prints. And those of the each cultural group have been communicating each other. The silk came to the Europe in the 6th century. The textile industry which flourished since 15th century. And they shows the chinoiserie or indian prints, not only the european culture. We can observe that the exchange of the techniques and cultures between cultural groups like the east and the west, and the presentation of the patterns is a way to express their own desires. The patterns presented after 2,000 can be classified by the form and the contents. But, more specifically, the patterns classified by the contents, which is Conversational design, can be categorized as followed according to the origin; reflecting cultural identity, Popular culture, Lohas lifestyle, and art movements. Which can be summarized as that the people have more interest on the different cultural group, diversity, retrospectiveness, and exoticism, which the patterns originally belonged to than on the form itself.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.496-500
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• 2012

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) is an economically important filamentous microalgae. The isolation of mutants by chemical or physical mutagen is a clue for the strain improvement. In this study, effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on A. platensis were investigated. Cells (or microalgae) were exposed to UV-B (15 Watt, 254 nm) for 1, 3, 5, and 10 min, and resulting mutants were designated UM1, UM3, UM5, and UM10, respectively. Especially, the lipid content of UM5 mutant was considerably increased by 8~11 fold compared to that of wild types. Moreover, the carotenoid content and antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) activity were increased. It was shown that UV-induced mutants can accumulate bioactive compounds, which will be useful for the industrial production of valuable products.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.117-135
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• 2005

This paper is a study of the possibility of experience and expression in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn by focusing on the characters of entrance, court and window/wall of his public buildings. In the course of composition, Kahn defined the entrance, court and window/wall as an connecting elements and elements of boundary. The characters revealed by these elements or rooms give the clue to insight Kahn's thought of relation of interior and exterior space or inner and outer space. Following are the characters of these elements. First, a entrance reveals the fact that inner space separates from outer space by connecting these two space and giving the value to inner space as the entity and totality like outer space. The entrance gives its ontological being to human subjects not by vision but experience and expression which is the essence of commonness, that is, Silence. Kahn made the possibility of activity amplify in this common and silent space. Second, this entrance is connected with wide and huge central space not individual spaces of interior space. This extreme procedure of entering makes human subject feel sublime of intoner space. And the central spaces becomes another exterior or another world in the inner world of architecture by the lights from above and by having the boundary wall which shows same pattern of exterior wall. Third, Kahn regarded a window as the giver of lights not as the medium of vision connecting inner space with outer. He tried to connect interior with exterior through the being and character of the light expressed in the interior. And in his buildings, interior space is connected with exterior by expressing the purpose of building, composition of inner space, structural truth and construction facts through the Form, a pattern of wall, details and ornamental joints. By practicing this thoughts in the real buildings, Kahn tried to gave aura to both the interior space and entity of architecture which is regarded as micro universe like flowers, rocks and human beings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.118-126
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• 2007

Seoul has been the former capital from Joseon founded in 1932 by this time for 600 years. Seoul populated by some 10,290,000 people is the largest city in Korea. There are lots of cultural inheritance such as the castle town and 5 palaces including Gyeongbokgung in Seoul. Especially neungs(royal tombs) from 27 generations of king and queen in the Joseon dynasty during 518 years are very important cultural inheritance. The royal tombs were built from the castle town to the radius outside 4km within 40km pivoting on Seoul. Joseon royal tombs might have significant cultural value, which are representative Korean people's spirits for ancestor worship. After the 1945 Liberation of Korea those are having been managed by Office of Cultural Properties after Ministry of Education. This paper tried to find the changing process of the conservation and maintenance, the location of royal tomb area, the changing process of royal tomb, the area changing clue of modernization process, and in the historical city, Seoul. The royal tombs in the Joseon dynasty of the radius outside 4km within 40km pivoting on Seoul have been contributed to providing the metropolitan, Seoul population with the cultural and green spaces for 600 years. In the Joseon dynasty the royal tombs had been taken charge of thoroughly by the Royal Household with Neungchamboing system from Confucian background for ancestor worship. There after they had been damaged somewhat by the Japanese Imperialism period, the Korean War, and the pressure of urbanization. But the original state has been preserved well by state management. The royal tombs in the Joseon dynasty has been kept the culture of royal tomb's and memorial services with stone sculptures for 518 years. Also there are lots of documentary records of royal tombs. The memorial services of the tombs are held by Jongyakwon of Jeonju Lee family every year. The royal tombs somewhat damaged are needed to the original state of the transferred right of managing agency by the related national bodies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clearify the architectural pattern of the Dogsedang(讀書堂) and it's characteristics of the Place which based on the historical background of the Saga-reagingsystem(陽假讀書制度) in the early Chosun Dynasty. The Saga-reaging(賜暇讀書) was given vacation to read books for young scholars who serve in a Royal institution chartered an academic society that we call the Giphyunjeun(集賢默). Due to the consciousness of preference about the old Documment on the history of Chosun Dynasty such as, whangchoshillok(朝蘇王朝實錄) and giligie(地理誌) and so on, I could find a clue that would lead to the solution of the problem. So to speak the division into periods about historical background of the Saga-reagingsystem(賜暇讀書制度) is analysed by questionnaire of scholars who is in. By the analysis, there were two types of the Saga-reagingsystem(賜暇讀書制度) and three places in the Dogsedang(讀書堂). Vacation to read books at the single schalor's home is we called jaegadogse(在家讀書), reading area at the temple in the deep mountain district is the Sansadogse(山寺讀書). The first place reading area at the temple in the deep mountain district was the temple of Jinkwan(律寬寺), the second place was the temple of Jangyue(藏義寺) the third was the temple of youngsan(龍山寺) so called the Namhodang(南湖堂). There is a certain difference of viewpoint with each site. These results show that the site of the Dogsedang(讀書堂) has deep consideration in relation with picturesque scenery.