• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.813-821
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• 2017

Entity Linking find the meaning of an entity mention, which indicate the entity using different expressions, in a user's query by linking the entity mention and the entity in the knowledge base. This task has four challenges, including the difficult knowledge base construction problem, multiple presentation of the entity mention, ambiguity of entity linking, and NIL entity recognition. In this paper, we first construct the entity name dictionary based on Wikipedia to build a knowledge base and solve the multiple presentation problem. We then propose various methods for NIL entity recognition and solve the ambiguity of entity linking by training the support vector machine based on several features, including the similarity of the context, semantic relevance, clue word score, named entity type similarity of the mansion, entity name matching score, and object popularity score. We sequentially use the proposed two methods based on the constructed knowledge base, to obtain the good performance in the entity linking. In the result of the experiment, our system achieved 83.66% and 90.81% F1 score, which is the performance of the NIL entity recognition to solve the ambiguity of the entity linking.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.282-300
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• 2013

This study regards that a cause of intensifying sovereignty disputes between Korea and Japan over the Dokdo island has resulted from the fallacy of Dokdo's development policy directly related to exertion and consolidation of Korean government's sovereignty on Dokdo, which has been under Korea's effective control since 1953. From this internal view, this study critically reviews the Korean government's development policy for Dokdo from the 1950s to the end of July 2012 and suggests an ideal alternative for future development of Dokdo on the basis of the discussion of the problems of Dokdo's development policy and its different future development directions proposed in Korean society. The Korean government implemented quite passively the development policy for the inhabited island which is required for the consolidation of sovereignty over Dokdo not to hinder the friendly diplomatic relationship between Korea and Japan. Dokdo is currently not acknowledged as the Korea's Dokdo island in international society, but mostly called Liancourt Rocks. It may be due to the fact that Korea did not positively develop Dokdo as a valuable island which a number of Koreans can inhabit. Consequently this paper proposes 'Dokdo eco-village' as an alternative development plan from the perspective of sustainable development which the UN has adopted. It is a small scale village that contains economic function of eco-friendly fishing, eco-tourism and East Sea research. The hope is that Dokdo eco-village draft plan will be a clue to the discussion and establishment of new Dokdo's development policy to strengthen the Korea's sovereignty and effective control over Dokdo in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.188-198
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• 2016

In order to supply the residential land for the promotion of public welfare, it must take a land of city suburb. That land have the difference in thinking is large for the determination of land prices to a variety of development pressure and land use regulations. In the process of executing a public project, the difference of these ideas has become a cause of conflict. Therefore, through objective study for the determination of land prices, to reduce the difference of ideas is going to be a clue of conflict resolution. This study selected the case area that is typical public district of many conflict, and then fix a compensation unit price like fair price as dependent variable. The selected variables through previous studies and expert consultation was an independent variable. To analyze the impact factors of land prices in the hedonic price model. The results were analyzed by distinguishing the group on the basis of the zoning and using, whether or not the site of the building in part that there is influence variable, the aspects of accessibility and regulation in part degree of influence variable came out different results for each group. It is analyzed that it reasonable results. Add selected site assimilation of the building that have not been presented in previous studies as a variable and which was applied at a rate to a variable of road have improved in more expliction of the influence of variables.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to look at the Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想) and garden of Bai Juyi in the perspective of landscape architecture and inquiry the meaning of Bai Juyi's construction activities, thought shown in his gardens, and how his construction method influenced later and the result is as follows. First, the 'Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想)' of Bai Juyi improved the Eunil-sasang(隱逸思想) and the birth of 'Jungeun-sasang(中隱思想)' became a clue to be developed up to the garden art. In addition, different from before that built gardens hiding in mountains, it prepared the turning point to build gardens in cities. Second, the space principle of 'paradise' shown in the garden of Bai Juyi was a means and principle to absorb the nature such as positioning rocks, formation of mounds, and positioning of flowers in the limited and small spaces different from previous gardens of splendid and magnificent. The garden became not only outer scene but also the 'Simwon(心園) that reflected the inside world. 12) Third, the gardening act and thought appeared in the poem of Bai Juyi were expressed in pictures and his own gardens as his poem was borrowed and quoted. As a result, Bai Juyi's literary view on the art and thought prepared the base in the popularity of literary gardens and forming of characteristic styles through practical activities that he managed his own gardens. Forth, Bai Juyi's level of Confucianism realization and delicate aesthetical consciousness gave meanings to the scene of gardens through the discovery of the fusion of mountains and creeks, ways of adding, and the aesthetical consciousness of Taihushi(太湖石)and influenced in the forming of garden culture later on.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.263-285
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• 2012

History, demonstrating convincingly that pirates have arisen continuously for a lengthy period of time throughout the world, is able to become a cooperative study of international law in terms of pirates matters ; Viking pirates. There are beneficial topics for the study of true nature of viking activities and the settlement of present pirates matters ; How were the pirates activities of Vikings, What sort of relations do they have between Vikings and other pirates which have arisen in world history, What are the differences compared to present concept of pirates. There were active pirates activities in the coast and waters of Scandinavia even before the period of the Migration Age because of geographical condition. With those experiences, Vikings began to ambush Britain Islands sailing across the North Sea since the late 8C, ages of migration in earnest. They ambushed all coasts of the European Continent expending boundary until the late of 11C. Pirate activities in a sort of guerrilla operations were operated when they encountered Islams in the Iberian Peninsula and the coast of North Africa. They showed twofold attitudes ; if the defence of the region and sea was weak, they plundered, or if strong, traded. In plundered europeans' position, Vikings were pirates with cruelty and barbarians. In vikings position, they were normal human beings who did a pirate activity to lead a better life. Viking pirates showed different characteristics in terms of three aspects ; area and aspect of action, activity after piracy. Meanwhile, Viking pirates showed several differences with pirates defined in terms of modern international law. Among the satisfying conditions of pirates, required by the international law of the sea, Vikings fulfilled animus furandi, desire for gain, activities for hatred and revenge, and private ends. Other conditions including attacking authority of the vessels, activities toward private ships, activities in the coast and the land, and illegal terroristic activities toward ships are found in viking pirates. However, Viking pirates do not show the activities in high seas and in the outside of a State's jurisdiction. In addition, it cannot be excluded that they pirated with vessels of regional leaders and the Sovereign, not private ships. Contrary to the definition of concept in terms of modern international law toward pirates, Viking invaded foreign waters, came on shore to foreign land and island, went up-stream the rivers to the back of interior, and attacked churches and abbeys. Strangely, they sometimes settled down in the places where they had pirated. Today, pirates appearing in history and defined in international law exist simultaneously and separately. It means, the historical nature and the nature under the international law are turning up differently. Historical cases of pirates should be reflected to modern international law. If so, it seems that the clue to solve pirate problems can be arranged. History is the immortal living thing, which not just existed as a past but reflects present.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.125-149
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• 2007

Until the late 19th century, $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu(歌曲源流)$\lrcorner$ was a collection of songs which had powerful influence on Gagog tradition. However, its role on Gagog(歌曲) tradition since then is less well known. Generally, it is presumed that Gagog tradition might disappeared by giving way to modern song genre. So this article question that $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ became extinct rapidly between the late 19th century and early 20th century, and follow $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of early 20th century. Gagog instruction for beginner had a clue to answer this question. This instruction was written by Ha Son-il(河順一) who was a teacher and singer in a private music institute. named 'ChoyangGurakbu(調陽俱樂部). Accordingly, this article has processed two phases in order to find out this question. First of all, this article analyzed Gagog instruction that Ha soon-il edited. As a result, it found out that Gagog instruction included the whole $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$'s contents in the 19th century and was transmitted actively until the early 20th century. Second, this article found out $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of the early 20th century by analyzing character of ChoyangGurakbu. And also this article discovered ChoyangGurakbu had been managed by an vigorous aid association. Gagog instruction for beginner written by Ha Son-il had spreaded from strength to strength in the early 20th century.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

Blackening on stone monuments is serious problem, because it is not only aesthetically unattractive, but also an important process in stone deterioration. Black surface layers contain often a large amounts of iron compound. Therefore it is assumed that besides another elements the iron have influence on blackening of surface. After the samples of black surface layers were collected from the stone monuments (Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany, especially in this study has been used Mossbauer spectroscopy in order to determine the valence and chemical composition of iron. Mineralogical and chemical analyses were carried out X-ray diffractormetry and X-ray fluorescence method on the black surface layer's samples and original stone samples. The origin of Iron compound in the black surface provides the important clue for the conservation work of stone monuments, like removing of black surface. To find it, black surface layer on white sandstone -it contains very small amount of iron compound- was compared with that on the red sandstone (Fe contains very small amount of iron compound- was compared with that on the red sandstone (Fe abundant). As a results, it is assumed that the iron in black layer on white sandstone is originated mainly from a surrounding environmental material and for the iron in black layer on the red sandstone is responsible the original stone. Even if black surface layer was removed from the red sandstone, some other conservation method should be studied beyond removing of black surface layer, because the iron can move continuously from the inner zone of original stone to surface area.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.201-221
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• 2007

Recently price as an information clue on online shopping has become important and price dependency has been also increased. This study suggests the flow which customers experience on online shopping plays a leading role in a matter of revisiting intention, but price sensitivity has a possibility to decrease the flow on the basis of literature investigation. While telling the differences in types of shopping malls, this study also examines relationship verifications with price sensitivity, flow of internet shopping mall and revisiting intension. The results show the flow experience through temporal dissociation makes increase a revisiting intention. To the contrary, this study presents a price search dimension in price sensitivity has negative influence to each dimension of temporal dissociation, heightened enjoyment and curiosity and also the relationship between price importance and flow is rejected. In addition, this influence gets different results by internet auction, pure internet shopping mall, shopping mall which can show price comparisons. In the case of shopping mall which can show price comparisons, more price researches become less curiosities and more heightened enjoyments and curiosities get more revisiting intentions. In the internet auction's case, price search decreases a temporal dissociation and heightened enjoyment and improves a revisiting intention when a temporal dissociation and heightened enjoyment are increased. Price research reduces three types of flow dimensions such as a temporal dissociation, heightened enjoyment, and curiosity in the pure internet shopping mall. In addition, only heightened enjoyment affects to a revisiting intentions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2009

To investigate whether isoflavone genistein and daidzein could affect cancer cell viability, human colorectal HCT116 cells were incubated with genistein or daidzein in a dose-dependent manner. Genistein decreased cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas daidzein did not show dramatic cytotoxic effects. We also found that 71 genes were up-regulated more than 2-fold, whereas 64 genes were down-regulated more than 2-fold with 24 hr of $50{\mu}M$ genistein treatment by our previous microarray data. Among the up-regulated genes, we selected 3 genes (DKK1, ATF3 and NAG-1) and performed RT-PCR to confirm microarray data. The results of RT-PCR were highly correlated with those of the microarray experiment. In addition, we investigated whether a combination treatment of genistein and daidzein could affect cancer cell viability. Surprisingly, the combination treatment did show synergistic cytotoxic effects detected by MTS assay. The results of RT-PCR and real-time PCR indicate that a combination of genistein and daidzein can synergistically induce NAG-1 expression in HCT116 cells. This result implies that NAG-1 induction is highly associated with synergistic cytotoxic effects induced by a combination treatment of genistein and daidzein. Overall, these results may provide a clue in explaining the anti-cancer activity of soy bean in human colorectal cancer.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Purpose : To analyze the clinical behaviors and survivorship of metastatic bone tumors. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninty-eight metastatic bone tumors had been diagnosed from January 1982 to December 1998. Age and sex distribution, primary cancer types. metastatic sites, duration from diagnosed of primary tumors to bony metastases and survivorship were analysed. Results : Mean age was 57(24~86) years old. Lung(32.3%) and breast(16.2%) cancers were two most common primary foci. The spines was the most common site of metastases especially lumbar region(38%). Survivorship analysis was done in one hundred and fifteen patients who had been followed up. The mean survival period was 15.3 months. The survivorship of hepatoma(7.1 Mons), lung(8.72 Mons) and renal cell(4.8 Mons)cancers was relatively shorter and breast cancer(54.1 Mons) longest. Conclusion : The mean age of metastatic bone tumors of this study was older than the past reports. The axial skeletons especially spine was predominant metastatic site. The survivorship of metastatic bone tumor decreased sharply as time goes by, so early diagnosis is clue for longer survival after bony metastases.