• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 $20m{\times}20m$ sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.

• 임산에너지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

본 연구는 점봉산 일대 천연활엽수림에서 산림 천이 경향과 잠재 산림 식생을 검토 분석한 것이다. 106개의 20m×20m 정방형 표본구를 설치하여 중ㆍ상층목의 아래에서 생육하는 하ㆍ중층목에 의해서 세대 교체되는 과정을 바탕으로 천이 경향을 평가하였다. 조사 대상 산림의 천이 경향분석은 Markov chain의 수학적 이론에서 변형된 추이 행렬 모델을 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과가 시사하는 바는 조사 산림은 천이의 중간 단계에 있으며, 수종 구성상 극성상림에 도달하려면 500년 이상의 기간이 소요될 것으로 나타났다. 현재 42.6%와 8.1%의 높은 상대밀도를 유지하고 있는 신갈나무와 음나무는 극성상의 안정상태가 되면 각각 13.3%와 0.5% 이하로 수종 구성비율이 감소하리라 예상된다. 반면에 전나무, 고로쇠나무, 물푸레나무, 피나무, 당단풍의 구성 비율은 증가할 것으로 사료된다. 미래 수종 구성 비율의 증감은 내음성 지수를 바탕으로 연구 모델을 검토한 결과와 대체로 일치하였다. 추이행렬 모델의 실제 상황에 대한 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 연구 모델의 가정과 민감도 역시 고찰하였다. 전반적인 연구 결과가 지적하는 바에 의하면 조사 산림의 현재 생태적 동태는 인간에 의한 방해와 교란이 있은 후 천이가 진행 중임을 반영한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.581-589
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• 2011

부산 금정산 범어사계곡의 낙엽활엽수가 우점하는 군락의 식생구조를 분석하기 위해 단위면적 100$m^2$의 조사구 28개를 설정하고 조사를 실시하였다. Classification기법중의 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군락을 분류한 결과, 개서어나무-낙엽활엽수군락(군락 I), 졸참나무-개서어나무군락(군락 II), 개서어나무-졸참나무-소나무군락(군락 III), 개서어나무-졸참나무-신갈나무군락(군락 IV), 졸참나무-낙엽활엽수군락(군락 V), 편백-개서어나무군락(군락 VI)의 6개 군락으로 최종 분리되었다. 군락별 종다양도는 0.3832~1.0450의 범위이었으며 인공식재한 편백나무가 우점하는 군락 VI의 종다양도가 가장 낮았고 개서어나무와 기타 낙엽활엽수가 우점하는 군락 I과 군락 V의 종다양도가 가장 높았다. 단위면적당(100$m^2$) 종수는 6.8${\pm}$3.2종이었다. 금정산 범어사계곡의 개서어나무군락은 기후극상림으로써 보전가치 높으므로 지속적인 보전관리대책이 요구된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 1997

본 연구는 강원도 오대산, 점봉산, 중왕산 지역의 신갈나무림을 대상으로 우점도 다양성 지수를 조사하였다. 신갈나무 군락은 종다양도 지수가 0.4~1.2, 종풍부도 지수가 2~11, 균재도 지수가 0.6~0.9로 어느 한 값에 치우치지 않는 것으로 나타나 비교적 안정된 상태의 것으로 판단된다. 종서열 중요치 곡선은 모든 군락에서 대수정규분포에 접근하고 있으며, 비교적 기울기가 완만하였다. 그리고 신갈나무-생강나무 군락의 기울기가 비교적 급하게 나타나 균등성이 낮았으며, 신갈나무-까치박달나무 군락의 종서열 중요치 곡선의 기울기가 완만하게 나타나 균등성이 높고 군락의 안정성이 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권3호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2000

독일 Eifel 산맥일대 구주적송(Pinus sylvestris) 조림지의 생태학적 산림경영을 위한 기본정보를 수집하기 위하여 식물사회학적 방법으로 산림식생이 분류되었으며, 분류된 각 군락에 대하여 그들의 생태학적 특성이 분석, 기술되었다. 유럽적송 인공림은 적습지의 Vaccinium myrtillus-Pinus sylvestris군락, 습지의 Pteridium aquilium-Pinus sylvestris 군락, B층 토양이 굳어진 Molinia caerulea-Pinus sylvestris 군락 그리고 건조지의 Festuca tenuifolia-Pinus sylvestris 군락으로 구분되었다. 관목층이하의 교목성 수종을 토대로 천이경향을 분석한 결과, V. myrtillus-P. sylvestris 군락, Pteridium aquilium-Pinus sylvestris 군락 그리고 Molinia caerulea-Pinus sylvestris 군락은 참나무류림의 도중단계를 지나 유럽너도밤나무(Fagus sylvatica)림으로, Festuca tenuifolia-Pinus sylvestris 군락은 구주적송이 극상림으로 남을 것으로 예상되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2005

월악산국립공원 에 덕 주사-영 봉-신륵사구간과 도락산-상선암구간의 산림 군집 구조 분석 을 실시하기 위해 22개 조사구를 설치하고 classification기법 중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이 용하여 군집 분리를 한 결과 소나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무-물박달나무군집 ,소나무-신갈나무 군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-당단풍군집의 6개 식물군집으로 최종 분리되었다. 산림 군집 구조분석 결과 추정되는 천이계열은 교목층에서 소나무가 졸참나무, 신갈나무로 천이진행 이 예상되었고, 아교목층에서는 철쭉꽃이 쇠물푸레나무, 당단풍나무로 천이진행이 예측된다. 그러나 일부지역에서는 신갈나무가 우점하는 토지극상단계로 유지할 것으로 예상된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1991

The analyses of correlation, enviromental gradient, continuum and polar ordination methods were used for studing on relationships between forest vegetation and their habitats in Mt. changan, chagsu-gun, korea. influencing correlation of moisture index to the main 41species from the study area they were composed of several groups by leading species of quercus mongoulica, that of carpinus tschonoskii and that of fraxinus mandshurica. On the other hand, it was found three communities in different habitats by environmental gradient i.e. each community of f. mandshurica, mangnolia sieboldii and hydrangea serrata for. acuminata have occurred in moist place, that of c. teschonoskii and q. serrata, in mesic and that of q. mongolica, q.variabilis, rhododendron schlippenbachii, in dry. in addition an occupied distribution area was investigated according to continuum index e.g. cornus controversa,betula costata,q. variabilis, q. serrata and q. mongolica over altitudinal 800m were distributed to a habitat were forming climax by q. mongolica, and/or c. controversa, f. mandshurica, q. serrata and c. tschonoskii under altitudinal 800m were done, by g. tschonoskii. while the forest vegetation of the area was classified into 6 communities such as q. mongolica community, q. variabilis community,q. serrata community, g. tschonoskii community,c. controversa community and f. mandshurica community by means of polar ordination analysis and these have come under the influence of environmental factors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1990

This study was executed to investigate the vegetation structure and to propose the vegetation management proposals of the Sansung Nature Park at Cheonju City and the results were as fellows. 1. A damage of vegetation and soil surface around the Namgosa was taken place up to 100m by picnic 2. Pinus rigida forest covered 36.1% of the total area(152.6ha) and total afforested vegetation covered 43.5%, respectively. P. denstflora comm. covered 28.4% arid Carpinus laxiflora Comm. as a climax vegetation in temerate zone covered 0.3%, respectively. 3. 6, 7 and 8 of the degree of human disturbance of vegetation covered 45.3%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively and resulted in low quality of naturalness. 4. Physical and chemical properties of soil were pour at high elevation and were poor severely in and around the Namgosa due to human disturbance. 5. Plant community were under rapid succession and had unvalanced structure and heterogeneous composition of species. Rapid vegetational succession from Pinus densiflora and Pf. rigida to Carpinus laxifora, Quercus spp. and Robinina pseudo-acacia were taken place.6. The speeies of Raunkiaer's frequency class I as of high frequency class were Pinus dunsiflora, Carpinus alxiflora, Quercus mmongolica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunrs sargintii, Rhododendron yedoense, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza maxinowiczii. 7. Vegetational management proposals were made for three vegetation zones ; Historic landscape restoration and preservation zone, Afforested vegetation zone, Native vegetation conservation zone and recommanded native species for landcape planting.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-59
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• 2017

The Korean peninsula belongs to the temperate forest biome dominated by many deciduous oaks. We quantitatively and qualitatively studied vertical and horizontal distributions and habitat characteristics on the major oak species such as Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima. A total of 5,278 samples were analyzed with a species coverage and 6 principal environmental variables extracted from public database of nationwide natural environment survey. Correlation analysis was accomplished by the CANOCO using Canonical Correspondence Analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient using PASW Statistics. The hierarchical distribution tendency of six oaks was finalized using the Goodman-Kruskal lambda coefficient of non-metric multidimensional scaling by SYN-TAX 2000. The utmost factor on the distributional segregation of oak species was the elevation, i.e. temperature. Q. serrata and Q. mongolica show clearly a diametrical distribution patterns with zonal distribution. Q. variabilis was determined as a thermophilic and xerophilous species that is a component of not only natural pseudo-climax forest but also secondary forest. The highest frequency of the dominant forest was found Q. mongolica. Whereas, Q. serrata showed the highest frequency of individual tree but the relatively lower frequency of dominant forest, which is resulted from the original habitat loss. By the benefit of the traditional Soopjeong-E, Q. acutissima dominant forests were remained rather largely. Individuals of Q. dentata occurred horizontally nationwide, but its dominant forest was the poorest. Dominant forest of Q. aliena, which is a natural vegetation, was the most rare due to a limited potential habitat.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify vegetation structure of the Anseong district in the Deogyusan National Park from May 2007 to September 2008 using the gradient analyses and phytosociological method. The vegetation communities were classified into Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflara, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula davurica, B. costata, Pinus densiflora and Abies koreana. Characteristics of the vegetation such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica (40.02), C. laxiflora (25.65), Q. serrata (24.68), F. mandshurica (21.66), P. densiflora (19.12), Acer pseudosieboldianum (16.96), C. cordata (11.87), B. davurica (11.66), B. costata (10.90), Styrax obassia (10.90) and A. koreana (10.41). Distribution of DBH P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. This study showed the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The A. koreana community predominated on the northern slope of the park in the high elevation habitats which had many O-M. F. mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many Moisture, EX-Cation and T-N. The P. densiflora community mainly occurred on the southern slope of the park in the low elevation habitats which had few Moisture, O-M and T-N. The Q. serrata community and C. laxifiora community appeared on the park in the middle habitats.