• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.858-861
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• 2001

Near Infrared spectroscopy was applied to the samples of processed pork to see the effect of grinding on chemical components analyses. Data from conventional chemical analyses of moisture, fat, protein, NaCl were put into calibration model by NIR of reflectance mode. The other properties observed were pH and color parameters ($L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$). Spectral ranges of 400~2500 nm and 400~1100 nm were compared for color parameters. Spectral ranges of 400~2500 nm and 1100~2500 nm were compared for chemical components and pH. Different spectral ranges caused little changes in the coefficients of determination or standard errors. $R^{2,}s$ of calibration models for color parameters were in the range of 0.97 to 1.00. $R^{2,}s$ of calibration models of intact sausages for moisture, protein, fat, NaCl and pH were 0.98, 0.89, 0.95, 0.73 and 0.77, respectively using spectra at 1100~2500 nm. $R^{2,}s$ of calibration models of ground sausages for moisture, protein, fat, NaCl and pH were 0.97, 0.91, 0.97, 0.42 and 0.56, respectively using spectra at 1100~2500 nm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

The present study investigates treatment methods for removal of arsenic from wastewater. The granular activated carbon (GAC) with the coating of iron chloride ($FeCl_3$) was used for the treatment of a low concentration of arsenic from wastewater. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the synthesis of Fe-GAC (Iron coated granular activated carbon), effects of pH, adsorption kinetics and the Langmuir model. The synthesized Fe-GAC with 0.1 M $FeCl_3$ shows best removal efficiency. Adsorption studies were carried out in the optimum pH range of 4-6 for arsenic removal. The Fe-GAC showed promising results by removing 99.4% of arsenic. In the adsorption isotherm studies, the observed data fitted well with the Langmuir models. In continuous column study showed that As(V) could be removed to below 0.25 mg/L within 1,020 pore volume. Our results suggest that the surface modified granular activated carbon treated with $FeCl_3$ for effective removal of arsenic from wastewater.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 2017

To lower the operational cost of microbubble generation by electrolysis, optimization of parameters limiting the process must be carried out for the process to be fully adopted in environmental and industrial settings. In this study, four test electrodes were used namely aluminum, iron, stainless steel, and Dimensionally Sable Anode (DSA). We identified the effects and optimized each operational parameter including NaCl concentration, current density, pH, and electrode distance to reduce the operational cost of microbubble generation. The experimental results showed that was directly related to the rate and cost of microbubble generation. Adding NaCl and narrowing the distance between electrodes caused no substantial changes to the generation rate but greatly decreased the power requirement of the process, thus reducing operational cost. Moreover, comparison among the four electrodes operating under optimum conditions revealed that aluminum was the most efficient electrode in terms of generation rate and operational cost. This study therefore presents significant data on performing costefficient microbubble generation, which can be used in various environmental and industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determine the foaming properties of two small red bean protein isolates at various conditions. Data concerning the effects of pH, temperature, MaCl concentration, sugar concentration and protein concentration on the properties such as solubility, foam expansion, foam stability were presented. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The crude protein contents of two small red beans were 26.14% and 22.71%. The percentage of nonpolar amino acid group was the highest and that of sulfur containing amino acid group was the lowest. 2. Protein solubility showed the minimum at pH 4.5 which is isoelectric point of small red bean protein isolate adn heat treatment lowered solubility(P<0.05). At pH 4.5, solubility increased sighificantly as 0.4M NaCl was added. However, the effect of sugar concentration in the solubility was not significant. 3. Foam expansion of two small red bean protein isolates was high at pH 4.5 and heat treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ lowered foam expansion(P<0.05). While addition of NaCl, sugar did not affect the foma expansion, gradual increment of the protein isolates concentration up to 9% decreased the foma expansion slightly. 4. Foam stability was significantly high at pH 4.5 and heat treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ lowered foam stability. Addition of sugar caused slight decrease in foam stability. From 1% to 9% suspension, foma stability increased significantly as protein concentration increased(P<0.05)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

We identified the $Na^+-K^+-2Cl^-$ cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) cDNA isoform from starry flounder, Platichthys stellate. The NKCC2 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 1,043 amino acids representing 12 putative transmembrane domains based on the bioinformatic topology prediction. In addition, starry flounder NKCC2 possessed highly conserved residues within transmembrane domain 4, known as an essential site for its function. End-point reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the NKCC2 transcript was moderately expressed only in the anterior and posterior intestines and the rectum. The NKCC2 mRNA level in the rectum, but not in other segments, was significantly induced 3 days post Streptococcus parauberis challenge, indicating that excess salt may be transported into the rectum. Taken together, our data indicate that an S. parauberis infection could tip the intestinal fluid balance in favor of fluid accumulation, indicating that bacterial pathogens can interfere with intestinal osmotic balance and normal mucosal immune homeostasis.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2009

Procedures that induce microspore embryogenesis have been described for a range of Brassica species, but embryo yield remains low for a number of genotypes. We have carried out experiments with the microspores from a weakly responsive line of B. napus to determine the culture conditions that optimize their in vitro embryogenesis by treating them with effectors of ethylene synthesis and action. The results revealed that isolated microspores subjected to an initial heat stress in a medium supplemented with inhibitors of ethylene synthesis such as AVG and $CoCl_2$ exhibited significantly increased embryo yields. This suggested that regulatory effects are exerted by the ethylene produced by the isolated microspores on the early processes of gametogenesis. As a consequence, treatment of microspores with SAM, an ethylene synthesis precursor, or with the ethylene-releasing agent ethephon, led to decreases in embryo yield. A special response to ethylene during the early stages of microspore development was finally shown to occur through experiments where isolated microspores were treated for increasing periods of time with $CoCl_2$. Collectively, our data demonstrated that the induction of embryogenesis induced by heat stress can be enhanced by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

Molten salt solutions consisting of eutectic LiCl-KCl and concentrations of samarium chloride (0.5 to 3.0 wt%) at 500℃ were analyzed using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV technique gave the average diffusion coefficient for Sm³⁺ over the concentration range. Equipped with Sm³⁺ diffusion coefficient, the Randles-Sevcik equation predicted Sm³⁺ concentration values that agree with the given experimental values. From CV measurements; the anodic, cathodic, and half-peak potentials were identified and subsequently used as a parameter to acquire EIS spectra. A six-element Voigt model was used to model the EIS data in terms of resistance-time constant pairs. The lowest resistances were observed at the half-peak potential with the associated resistance-time constant pairs characterizing the reversible reaction between Sm³⁺ and Sm²⁺. By extrapolation, the Voigt model estimated the polarization resistance and established a polarization resistance-concentration relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.285-286
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• 2012

최근, OpenCL을 이용한 병렬 처리 기법을 통해 3D 볼륨 데이터의 기초영상을 생성하는 고속화 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구를 통해 보면, 3D 볼륨 데이터의 용량이 클수록, 렌즈 어레이의 수가 많을수록 기초 영상을 생성하는데 많은 시간이 소요 되었고, 실시간으로 고용량의 볼륨데이터 집적영상을 생성하는데 문제가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 64비트 운영체제 환경에서 볼륨 데이터 기초영상을 생성하고 32비트 운영체제 환경과 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1999

CaCl2 and water soluble degraded chitosan mixtures were used as coagulants for extending the shelf life of tofu. Microbial counts, pH, and turbidity in tofu immersion solution were analyzed during the periods of storage at 4oC and physico chemical properties of tofu were determined by rheological properties, color and yield. There was no significant difference in moisture content and yield between tofu made with and without chitosan. Failure stress and stress relaxation values were reduced when chitosan was added to CaCl2, but there was no significant change among contents of chitosan added to tofu. The pH values were decreased at the beginning and then slowly increased after 14 days storage. The changes in turbidity were increased during storage, but the change in 2.0g degraded chitosan mixture with 7.0g CaCl2 coagulant(2.0:7.0 ratio) was lower than others and initial turbidity was lower as much as chitosan added to coagulant. These data showed that the water soluble degraded chitosan had a good anti microbial effect and increases the shelf life of tofu.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 1995

The petrochemical data of the porphyritic granites of Cretaceous age in the Yonghwa-Seolcheon area show the trend of subalkaline magma, calc-alkaline magma, I-type granitoid and magnetite series. This granite is the relevant igneous rock of gold-silver mineralization in this mining district Fluid inclusions have been studied in phenocryst quartz from the Cretaceous porphyritic granite. Three main types of fluid inclusion were found : liquid-rich inclusion(I type), gas-rich inclusion(II type) and solid-bearing inclusions(III-A, III-B). The solid-bearing inclusions(III-A,B) represent the earliest trapped fluids. They have salinities between 41.0 and 67.5 wt% equivalent to NaCl. These are high saline inclusions containing NaCl and KCl daughter crystals. Homogenization temperature inferred from the fluid inclusion study ranges from 650 to $75^{\circ}C$ Type I and II inclusions were observed within the same fracture. This cause for these differences in degree of filling is evidence of boiling. Salinities of type I and II inclusions range from 9.87 wt% to 15.29 wt%, from 8.40 wt% to 14.64 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively.