• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 1997

Superovulation with exogenous gonadotropins creates a spectrum of pre or periovulatory hormonal changes with subsequent detrimental effects on oocyte quality, fertilization, embryo development, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Our recent study determined potential roles for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in uterine environment regulation and preimplant tation in the rat. The evidence indicates that IGF-l may play an important role in the main tenance of a receptive uterine environment for embryonic development and the regulation of decidualization. Embryonic loss and failure of implantations following superovulation may be partially attributed to disturbances in uterine IGF-l action as observed in this study. We investigated the effects of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on frequency of chromosomal a abnormalities of mouse embryos. Chromosome a analysis of mouse zygotes and 8- to 16-cell stage embryos from spontaneously ovulated, 5, 10, and l 15 lU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) superovulated mice was carried out. Aneuploidy, polyploidy and structural chrom- osomal abnormalities were detected among the four groups. However, only polyploidy was correlated with superovulation. In 10 and 15 IV PMSG treated groups, the rate of polypoidy was 2.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a dose reponse relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of embryonic p polyploidy (P

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.5 s.70
• /
• pp.775-782
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the EGFR mRNA expression in the rat gingival epithelium by the experimental tooth movement. We applied reciprocal force between the upper anterior teeth using NiTi open coil spring and stainless steel wire for 1, 2 3, 7 days. For the detection of EGFR mRNA, in situ hybridization was done in the tissue samples which were taken from the pressure and tension sides of teeth. The results were as follows ; 1. The expression of EGFR mRNA was increased application-time dependently. a. Day 1 mild expression on the basal and spinous cell layers b. Day 2 . moderate expression on the whole layers c. Day 3 : severe expression on the basal and spinous cell layers 4. Day 7 severe expression on the whole layers 2. The expression level of EGFR mRNA in the pressure and tension sides were similar during the whole Period of experiment except seven day application at which the cornified layer of the tension side showed moderate expression. 3. Removal of the appliance after 7-day force application lowered the level of EGRF mRNA expression. It was returned to the mild and control (rare) level at three and seven days after the removal, respectively. In conclusion, EFGR mRNA was increased by the experimental tooth movement on the rat ginigval epithelium. Up-regulation of EGFR mRNA in the gingival epithelium can be regarded as responses to the possible changes caused by the physical stersses to the oral environment to maintain the homeostatic conditions of the periodontium.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.945-955
• /
• 2016

To date, chemical managements of plant bacterial diseases are complicated by limitations on use of antibiotics in agriculture, antibiotic resistance development, and limited efficacy of alternative control agents. In this study, thus, we performed screening of eco-friendly farming material (notice no. 2-4-064) containing tannic acid as new antibacterial-activity against 7 plant bacterial pathogens: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), Xanthomonas cirti pv. citri (Xcc), Erwinia pyrifoliae (Ep), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), and Streptomyces scabies (Sc), Initial screening of antibacterial effects of eco-friendly farming material was performed using the paper disk diffusion method and co-cultivation in broth culture. Tannic acid based eco-friendly farming material showed inhibitory effect against Pcc, Rs, Aac, Xcc, Cmm, and Ss, whereas it did not show inhibition zone against Ep. However, when it tested by co-cultivation in broth culture, it showed strong inhibition effect against all pathogens that declined growth curve compared to bacterial pathogen only. Interestingly, when we observed morphological changes on those pathogens by SEM, cell morphologies of 7 pathogens were slightly changed that seem to be malfunction in their cell envelope.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 1999

The cytotoxic and antitumor activity of Herba cratalariae sessiliflorae on cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblast and human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) colorimetric method. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of cultured mouse fibroblast and human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells (KB). These results were obtained as follows; Ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts showed a significant cytotoxicity in NIH 3T3 fibroblast, but the other extracts did not show. All extracts exhibited a significant antitumor activity in human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells, but ethanol extract did not show a antitumor activity. Hexane extract showed low cytotoxic effect, but exhibited the most antitumor activity. The MTT absorbance in NIH 3T3 fibroblast was significantly decreased by treatment with chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts respectively. Human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells was significantly decreasd by treatment with all extracts with the exception of ethanol extract. The difference in MTT absorbance in two cell Types was most remarkable when treated with water and hexane extracts. Cholroform and hexane extracts showed the strongest effect in growth inhibition of human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. These results indicated that water extract possessed no cytotoxicity and a strong antitumor activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1997

We investigated changes in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD isoenzyme pattern in suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), which were compared with those of intact tomato plants. two grams (fr wt) of cells subcultured at 15-day intervals were inoculated into 50 mL MS medium containing l mg/L 2,4-D and 30 g/L sucrose in a 300 mL flask and maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ in the dark (100 rpm). The cell growth reached a maximum at 20 days after subculture (DAS), followed by a rapid decrease with further cultures. The cell colour changed from white to black from 23 DAS. The intracellular SOD activity (units/g cell dry wt) was significantly increased from 23 DAS and reached a maximum at 28 DAS (52,400 units), followed by a decrease with further cultures, whereas the extracellular SOD activity showed a maximum at 25 DAS (27,800 units/50 mL medium). The total SOD activity per flask showed a maximum at 25 DAS (35,700 units), in which the extracellular SOD activity occupied about 75%. The tomato cultured cells had four SOD isoenzymes and their patterns were well correlated with SOD activity without a qualitative change during the cell cultures. The intact tomato plants had an additional CuZnSOD isoenzyme, showing the different isoenzyme patterns from cultured cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.410-417
• /
• 2006

The present study was aimed to compare the resorption rate and the histological change of the autogenous dermis and the artificial dermis (Terudermis$^{(R)}$) after the transplantation, and to report the clinical results of the use of Terudermis$^{(R)}$ in order to restore the soft tissue defect. Twenty mature rabbits, weighing about 2 kg, were used for the experimental study. The autogenous dermis and the Terudermis$^{(R)}$ size 1${\times}$1 cm were transplanted to the space between the external abdominal oblique muscle and the external abdominal oblique fascia of the each rabbits. They were divided into 4 groups (n=5 each) and gathered at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the transplantation. The resorption rate was calculated, and H-E stain was preformed to observe the histological changes. The chart review of the 17 patients who received Terudermis$^{(R)}$ graft to the facial soft tissue defects was conducted for the clinical study. The resorption rate at 8 weeks after the transplantation was 21.5% for the autogenous dermis, and 36.4% Terudermis$^{(R)}$. In microscopic examinations, the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the epidermal inclusion cyst were observed in the autogenous dermis graft. The neovascularization and the progressive growth of the new fibroblast were shown in the Terudermis$^{(R)}$ graft. In clinical data of 17 patients, the size of the grafted Terudermis$^{(R)}$ was from 1.5$cm^2$ to 7.5$cm^2$ (average 3.5$cm^2$). Follow-up ranged from 5 to 25 months. Fourteen patients with cleft palate demonstrated stability of the graft and unremarkable complications. But unstability of the graft and the partial relapse were observed in three patients received the vestibuloplasty. These results indicate that Terudermis$^{(R)}$ can be available substitute of autogenous dermis because of the stability about resorption, the histocompatibility, and the unremarkable clinical complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 1985

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in nutritive quality of fermented wheat bran prepared by culturing with a microorganism, Aspergillus oryzae, in an attempt to improve the quality of protein in feedstuff. After incubation of wheat bran with Aspergillus oryzae, the contents of chemical composition, including amino acids, riboflavin and amino-nitrogen were increased, but the level of nitrogen free extract was reduced. The effects of supplementation of fermented wheat bran on the rat diets were evaluated by measuring growth rate, feed efficiency and biological values, such as NPU, PER and NPR. Sixty four male Sprague Dawley rats of 5-6 weeks of age were adopted for the feeding trial for 10 days period, and levels of dietary protein were set at 10%. The %contribution of protein from casein, wheat bran and fermented wheat bran for the other dietary treatments were, in the order, 50-50-0%, 50-30-20%, 50-20-30% and 50-0-50%, respectively. In the result of this study, no significant difference were observed in the amount of feed intake body weight gain and feed efficiency. On the whole, the values of NPU, PER and NPR of all the fermented wheat bran groups appeared to be higher than those of the group whose half of the protein was from wheat bran.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.547-580
• /
• 2013

As energy conservation can be realized through changes in the composition of goods and services consumed, there is a need to assess indirect and total household energy consumption. The Korean household sector was responsible for more than 55% of Korea's total energy consumption in the 1995 to 2010 period. More than 69% of household energy consumption was indirect. Thus, not only direct but also indirect household energy consumption should be the target of energy conservation. Electricity consumption became in 2009 the main source of household energy consumption in Korea. Households consume more and more electricity intensive goods and services, a sign of increasing living standards. Decrease in energy intensities of products consumed by Korean households contributed greatly to reduce the increase in the total household energy consumption. However, switching took place towards more energy intensive products, thus the structure effect was negative. It is necessary to direct consumption and production towards much less energy intensive goods and services as to reduce energy consumption or its growth rate. The Korean government should readjust low energy and electricity prices to cost-reflective prices levels as these low prices are one of the main reasons for the consumption of more energy intensive products. This study differentiates prices of oil products and electricity between households and industries, as to allow more accurate estimation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.503-510
• /
• 2020

Eco-friendly mountain railways operate on concrete rack tracks embedded on existing sharp curved and steep roads to preserve the environment in mountainous areas. Owing to the narrow roads, single lines are inevitable, and many branches are required. In branches, previous switchers and heating devices cannot be applied, because of the limited spacing for the rack and the slow removal of thick ice. To solve these problems, a switch and a heating device have been developed. The switcher changes the line by moving the block of concrete track with hydraulic actuators. The lack of discontinuity reduces the derailment risk and makes locking simple. The heating device uses high frequency induction coils to increase the efficiency and melt the thick ice rapidly. The prototype switcher and heating device were produced and operated to prove their performance. The heating device yielded a 10 times greater efficiency than the previous one. The switcher and heating device are the essential core technologies for the operation of mountain trams in winter and contribute to the spread of mountain railways to domestic or foreign resort areas by enhancing safety and efficiency. In addition, they can provide transportation rights to local residents in poor winter traffic, and bring about tourism and local economic growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1649-1656
• /
• 2015

Gene expression profiling has offered new insights into postmortem molecular changes associated with meat quality. To acquire reliable transcript quantification, high quality RNA is required. The objective of this study was to analyze integrity of RNA isolated from chicken skeletal muscle (pectoralis major) and its capability of serving as the template in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a function of postmortem intervals representing the end-points of evisceration, carcass chilling and aging stages in chicken abattoirs. Chicken breast muscle was dissected from the carcasses (n = 6) immediately after evisceration, and one-third of each sample was instantly snap-frozen and labeled as 20 min postmortem. The remaining muscle was stored on ice until the next rounds of sample collection (1.5 h and 6 h postmortem). The delayed postmortem duration did not significantly affect $A_{260}/A_{280}$ and $A_{260}/A_{230}$ ($p{\geq}0.05$), suggesting no altered purity of total RNA. Apart from a slight decrease in the 28s:18s ribosomal RNA ratio in 1.5 h samples (p<0.05), the value was not statistically different between 20 min and 6 h samples ($p{\geq}0.05$), indicating intact total RNA up to 6 h. Abundance of reference genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (PPIA) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) as well as meat-quality associated genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) were investigated using qPCR. Transcript abundances of ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, and PPIA were significantly different among all postmortem time points (p<0.05). Transcript levels of PDK4 and PPARD were significantly reduced in the 6 h samples (p<0.05). The findings suggest an adverse effect of a prolonged postmortem duration on reliability of transcript quantification in chicken skeletal muscle. For the best RNA quality, chicken skeletal muscle should be immediately collected after evisceration or within 20 min postmortem, and rapidly preserved by deep freezing.