• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2021

Rapid urbanization and population growth have caused substantial land use land cover (LULC) change in the Kathmandu valley. The lack of temporal and geographical data regarding LULC in the middle mountain region like Kathmandu has been challenging to assess the changes that have occurred. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in LULC in Chandragiri Municipality between 1996 and 2017 using geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing. Using Landsat imageries of 1996 and 2017, this study analyzed the LULC change over 21 years. The images were classified using the Maximum Likelihood classification method and post classified using the change detection technique in GIS. The result shows that severe land cover changes have occurred in the Forest (11.63%), Built-up areas (3.68%), Agriculture (-11.26%), Shrubland (-0.15%), and Bareland (-3.91%) in the region from 1996 to 2017. This paper highlights the use of GIS and remote sensing in understanding the changes in LULC in the south-west part of Kathmandu valley.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.93-120
• /
• 2010

In 1978, Chinese reform and opening caused a big changes in Chinese labor relationship. Through reforming and opening, China gave up part of state ownership system and group ownership system, permitted private ownership system, and also opened the way for capitalists to ride again. Since China was established, the labor relationship ceased for 30 years has been appeared. However because the top priority aim of China's reform was economic growth, the protection of the rights and interests of labor was pushed back on the policy priority list. China takes foreign capitals based on cheap labor force quickly and China come up the worldwide plants. Since reformed, China keeps an economic growth rate of 9.7% annually for 30years. This economic growth is based on labor's sacrifice. However, Chinese fast economic growth causes side effects such as increasement of the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increasement of unbalanced development between regions, and the increasement of conflict between labor and management. Especially, according to changes in labors' level of consciousness, the labors recognized that their rights and interests are exploited by employers. Therefore, the labor dispute is continuously increasing. Chinese government changes their policy from the policy focusing on enterprise development to the policy protecting labor's rights and interests. In order to protect labor's rights and interests, China conducts labor contract law and labor dispute conciliation arbitration law in 2008. This kind of changes in Chinese labor environment affect a lot to Korean companies which already entered into China or are willing to enter. According to studying on present situation and resolution system in Chinese labor dispute, this paper suggests the proper countermeasure related to labor dispute of Korean companies which entered in China. First, the success rate of labor dispute conciliation by enterprise labor dispute conciliation committee is around 20% during recent several years and the success rate by year is in decline. Therefore, when labor dispute is occurred, our companies which entered into China better use other labor dispute methods such as negotiation and arbitration than conciliation in order to settle a conflict. Second, from the Korean enterprises entered in China point of view, there exists a problem not to sue except special cases which provided in the law even though they are dissatisfied with arbitrate judgment. Thus, when labor dispute occurred, Korean enterprises try to do best to settle the dispute through negotiation. However, in case of that the dispute cannot be settled by negotiation, they have to attend in the arbitration as if it is a last chance. Third, Korean enterprises keep in mind that dispute handling procedures between labor union and users or between labor group and users are different, and then deal with separately. Thus, dispute between labor and users have to follow arbitrate procedures as a necessary procedure, but in case of dispute related to group contract, namely dispute against labor union, labor dispute can be settled by arbitrate or suit, so after figuring out the situation exactly, it is necessary to select more advantageous way in order to settle the dispute. Moreover, in case of the dispute between labor union, they have to keep in mind that conciliation procedures cannot be used.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To analyze the growth pattern of the functional food market in Korea, and thus produce essential information in mapping out a strategy for Korean medicine. Methods: A survey of literature or analysis reports about market changes related to functional foods in Korea was undertaken. Results: The Korean functional food market has been growing rapidly, to 1.4 trillion won in 2012 compared to 250 billion won in 2004, which is an annual growth rate of about 14%. In particular, individually-approved functional food is worthy of notice regarding its growth rate and functional position, which is similar to herbal drugs. The expanding growth of functional food affects negatively the decrease of herbal drug industry in Korea to date. Conclusions: To compete with functional foods, the Korean medicine community needs to develop patient-friendly and cost-effective herbal drugs, and strategies to adopt them as therapeutic modalities.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 1998

Now a days, people are interested in tourism and leisure activity more and because of the increase of pastime and disposable income as a result of current economic growth. The importance of service industry in getting more serious thereby food industry, especially fastfood, is becoming popular in Korea. Food industry in Korea has been showing high growth rate in both quantity and quality for 10 years and fastfood chains maintains radical growth with 50% being forecasted that they will make huge market in Korea. Therefore, fastfood industry seems to be promising industry which has high potentials. This rapid growth of fastfood industry has been solving a lot of problems such as insanitation, low nutrition, and bad service quality and its positive aspects which make revolutional changes in production and sales are emphasized because it made industrialization with innovative system. So various menu development and service marketing strategy are really need to manage chains for the situation in Korea. Thus, the competitiveness of fastfood clams is dependent on the location of restaurant and the quality of various products. If the marketing strategy for fastfood industry need to established. constant studies should be done to resolve these problems.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2002

This research will examine into the capabilities of KOMPSAI-1 EOC image application in the field of urban environment and at the same time, with that as its foundation, come to understand the urban changes of the study areas. This research is constructed in three stages: Firstly, for application of change detection techniques, which utilizes multi-temporal remotely sensed data, the data normalization process is carried out. Secondly, change detection method is applied fur the systematic monitoring of land use changes, which utilizes multi-temporal EOC images. Lastly, by using the results of the application of land use changes, the existing land use map is updated. Consequently, the land-use change patterns are monitored, which utilize multi-temporal panchromatic EOC image data; and application potentials of ancillary data fur updating existing data can be presented. In this research, with the use of the land use change, monitoring of urban growth has been carried out, and the potential for the application of KOMPSAT-1 EOC images and the scope of application was examined. Henceforth, the future expansion of the scope of application of KOMPSAT-1 EOC image is anticipated.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제65권3호
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2020

착근은 이앙재배에서 가장 중요한 생육상의 전환으로 착근의 효율에 따라 이앙 후 수량 및 품질에 큰 영향을 미치는 중요한 시기이다. 착근 시 식물체 조건 및 환경에 따른 기초연구가 부족하여 이에 착근에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구명하기 위해 생육일수, 생육온도 및 단근정도에 따른 모의 생육변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 단근 처리 시 초장변화는 단근처리에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 뿌리신장의 경우 남아 있는 뿌리길이가 적을수록 신장율이 높았으며 7일묘에 비해 14일묘에서 초장 및 뿌리 신장율이 높은 경향이었다. 2. 생육온도에 따른 초장 신장은 25℃ 및 28℃에서 신장율이 높았으나 18℃에서는 낮은 경향이었으며, 뿌리 신장은 7일묘는 22~28℃, 14일묘의 경우 22~25℃에서 높았다. 3. 7일묘는 뿌리생육량과 초장변화와의 상관관계가 높았으나 14일묘의 경우 유의적인 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 4. 질소 흡수량은 생육온도 25, 28, 22, 18℃순으로 낮아졌으며 7일묘의 경우 14일묘에 비해 생육온도에 따른 질소 흡수량 차이가 적은 경향이었다. 5. 단근처리에 따른 뿌리량별 질소 흡수량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 7일묘가 14일묘에 비해 질소흡수가 빨리 시작되는 경향이었다. 6. 뿌리활력은 7일묘의 경우 뿌리가 3 cm 남기고 단근 시 가장 높았으며, 14일묘의 경우 1.5 cm 남기고 단근 시 활력이 높은 경향이었다.

• 조형예술학연구
• /
• 제2권
• /
• pp.42-89
• /
• 2000

Industrial ceramic of Korean industrial design, especially tableware show different characteristics in their forms between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The shift of such changes can be verified objectively by module measurement. The validity of the results applying this method is supported by the investigation of the change of aesthetic modes in Korean society. The most obvious change in the figurative characteristics of tableware is in the outline of their external shapes. 'Module' is used to describe and analyze the changes of such an external shape more strictly as the objective method and measuring the module is employed. This method was developed by the combination of the method analyzing figurative art works by Re Corbuise who uses 'module' with Hambidge's method to describe and analyze the works by means of the golden section. The shift of flgurative changes of tableware could be examined objectively and elaborately by such a newly developed method. The industrialization of tableware production in Korea was begun in 1940s. Then its design was not activated, but as the society has been stabilized through the liberation and civil war, design was settled in 1960s. After that, the design has played the essential roles in 1970s. And as the importance of design in producing goods has been recognized according to the economic growth. The design of tableware shows a remarkable difference based on 1960s and 1970s in such an economic growth. It is resulted from the scientific data analysis of the design since 1940 without any preference. According to the results which analyze the external shapes of tableware for last 50 years, the tableware designs show much differences between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The figurative changes of Korean tableware show the similar trends to the transitional aspects of the society. Design is the manifestation of aesthetic modes which have been developed in a close relationship to society and especially economy. In Korea the development of design was initiated by the economic growth and the Korean aesthetic modes were also changed with the economic growth. The transitional shift of aesthetic modes shown in the figurative characteristics of tableware which are divided on the basis of 1960s and 1970s was peak in 1970s with the development of economy and design started in 1960s.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 1991

High quality quartz crystals are grown in 0.5N NaOH + LiOH solution on the seed crystal at $370-395^{\circ}C$ and $1200-1300kg/cm^2$ condition. Growth rates are determined by the crystal thickness grown on the seed crystals with Z(0001) and X($11\bar{2}0$) direction. Relatively high growth rate of Z(0001) direction gradually changes as the temperaure difference (${\Delta}$ Ti) between growth and dissolution zones from 25 to $10^{\circ}C$. The X axis direction is affeced by ${\Delta}$ Ti, and +X($11\bar{2}0$) direction shows a high growth rate than -X($\bar{1}\bar{1}20$) direction. According to the variation with kinds of solutions used, the crystal growth that in NaOH solution is found to be slower than that in $Na_2CO_3$ solution. However, for the case in the NaOH solution mixed with LiOH, it shows a favorable growth rate in terms of grown crystal quality.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2021

This study aims to investigate whether economic growth is elevated by banking industry development in Jordan. The study adopts time-series econometric methodologies, which comprise the bounds testing approach within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the conditional causality analysis. Consistent with the assumptions of the adopted methodology, the study utilized annual time-series data for a relatively long period of thirty-nine years, between 1980 and 2018. The empirical results show that Jordan's economic growth is strongly responsive in respect to any changes in banking industry development. Also, the results reveal the harmful impact of rising lending interest rate; as this rate increases, economic growth will decrease. The findings are in line with the conceptual arguments of the supply-leading hypothesis, which confirmed that banking development is considered as one of the main pillars that have stimulating effects on economic growth. The evidence of the current study may provide important implications for policymakers and bankers. Those professionals should work to maintain a stable regulatory system that enhances the banking system function in activating economic growth. Also, a considerable focus should be placed on designing a steady interest rate policy to avoid the inherently undesirable impacts of high-interest rates on the Jordanian economy.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 1994

Bensulfuron-methyl 처리(處理) 후 올방개 생육(生育) 억제(抑制)로 부터 재생(再生)에 이르는 기간(期間) 중의 상대생장율(相對生長率), 괴경(塊莖) 탄수화물(炭水化物) 함량(含量)의 소장(消長), 각(各) 기관별(器官別) 호흡(呼吸), 광합성율(光合成率) 등을 조사(調査)하였다. Bensulfuron-methyl 처리(處理)이후 생장(生長) 억제(柳制) 기간(期間)에는 상대생장율(相對生長率)의 증가(增加)가 전혀 없다가, 39g/ha 처리(處理)에서는 처리(處理) 후 25-30일부터, 51g/ha 처리(處理)에서는 30-35일부터 증가(增加)되기 시작하였는데 이 시기가 재생(再生)의 시점(時點)이었다. 괴경(塊莖) 탄수화물(炭水化物)은 무처리(無處理)에서는 처리(處理) 직후 부터 급속히 감소되어 40일 후에는 거의 소진(消盡)되었던 반면에, bensulfuron-methyl이 처리(處理)된 경우에는 재생(再生) 직전까지 거의 변화(變化)가 없다가 재생(再生)과 함께 급격히 소모(消耗)되었다. 또한 괴경(塊莖)의 생존력(生存力)은 무처리(無處理)에서는 30일, 39g 및 5lg/ha 처리시(處理時)에는 각각 처리(處理) 후 60일 및 70일까지 지속(持續)되었다. Bensulfuron-methyl 처리(處理) 후 생육(生育) 억제(柳制)된 올방개는 이 기간(期間)중에도 최소한(最小限)의 호흡(乎吸)과 광합성(光合成)을 행하였으며, 재생(再生)과 함께 호흡(呼吸)과 광합성율(光合成率)이 크게 증가되기 시작하였다.