• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2014

There have been CFIT(Controlled Flight Into Terrain) accidents that can be prevented if the crew executed go-around. This study is to analyse the common factors of three typical CFIT accidents of Korea in TEM(threat and error management) frame, and the examples of go-around gate and the countermeasures of eight airlines through the survey facilitating go-around to prevent CFIT. The common factors found in three typical CFIT accidents occurred in Korea or by Korean carriers turned out to be in mountainous terrain, in bad weather while in non-precision approach or circling approach by captain as PF(Pilot Flying) when crew make monitoring errors and communication errors. It also turned out that the crew in all three typical tragic CFIT accidents did not execute go-around in unstabilized approaches. The captains did not respond immediately when first officers advised them to go-around until it is too late. Seven out of eight Airlines answered that they use stabilized approach height as 1,000 feet to be stabilized earlier to have more safety margin by enhancing go-around gate regardless of the weather to prevent CFIT in the survey.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2008

이 논문의 목적은 항공기 상태가 정상상태에서 공항에 접근 착륙 중 발생한 사고로서 상업용 항공사에서 발생하는 사고를 예방하기위한 지침이 될 수 있는 사고예방 차원에서 중요한 이정표가 될 수 있다. 이 논문의 CFIT 사고의 주요한 분석은 1993년도부터 2002년까지 발생한 사고 중에서 괌사고, 목포사고 및 김해사고를 중점으로 사고원인분석을 실시하였다.CFIT 사고는 운항승무원에 의해서 사고 전에 충분히 인지하지 못하고 있다가 지상 장애물 또는 해면에 충돌하는 사고로 매우 치명적이다. 일반적으로 CFIT 사고는 대부분의 비행 중에 발생할 수 있지만, 보다 많이 발생하는 경우는 착륙중에 발생함으로 더욱 위험하다고 볼 수 있다.이 논문을 통하여 CFIT 사고를 예방하기위하여 운항승무원 교육 및 훈련을 할 필요가 있다고 사료되며 특별히 EGPWS(향상된 지상충돌경고장비)와 같은 장비를 항공기에 장착하기를 추천하며 항공사의 조직문화에 대한 연구가 더욱 요구된다고 판단한다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2005

Traditionally aircraft had descended in steps to level at the MDA(Minimum Descent Altitude) during the conduct of non-precision approach. This "de-stabilized" method of flying an instrument approach procedure is considered as a major contributing factor in CFIT(Controlled Flight Into Terrain) accident and increasing pilot workload. In the effort to reduce CFIT accident and pilot workload, VNAV(Vertical Navigation) Approach has been suggested as means to manage the vertical component of non-precision approach procedure.[1] But In the actual circumstances in Korea, VNAV has not been using to reduce them because of many restriction facts and no published VNAV chart in particular airport. Therefore we are suggesting Constant Vertical Speed Approach Method, which is required few restriction facts, and the pilots who are using this method will experience a similar method like a Glideslope during proceeding non-precision approach. Consequently, We are expecting to reduce CFIT accidents and pilot workload.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is leading to prevent the major causes of commercial-aviation fatalities about controlled-flight-into-terrain(CFIT) in approach-and-landing accidents. The paper of major analysis for controlled flight into terrain(CFIT) was Guam accident, Mokpo accident and Gimhae accident in commercial transport-aircraft accidents from 1993 through 2002. CFIT occurs when an airworthy aircraft under the control of the flight crew is flown unintentionally into terrain, obstacles or water, usually with no prior awareness by the crew. This type of accident can occur during most phases of flight, but CFIT is more common during the approach-and-landing phase. Ninety-five percent of the Guam accident, Mokpo accident, and Gimhae accident where weather was known involved IMC, fog, and rain. The paper believed that prevention for CFIT accident was education and training for flying crew and upgrade for equipment such as EGPWS, and need more research for professional organizations of airlines, and accomplishing precision approaches should be a high priority.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2022

In Efforts to prevent CFIT accidents so far, have been emphasizing various education measures to minimize the occurrence of human errors, as well as enforcement measures. However, current engineering measures remain in a system (TAWS) that gives warnings before colliding with ground or obstacles, and even actual automatic avoidance maneuvers are not implemented, which has limitations that cannot prevent accidents caused by human error. Currently, various attempts are being made to apply machine learning-based artificial intelligence agent technologies to the aviation safety field. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based artificial intelligence agent that can recognize CFIT situations and control aircraft to avoid them in the simulation environment. It also describes the composition of the learning environment, process, and results, and finally the experimental results using the learned agent. In the future, if the results of this study are expanded to learn the horizontal and vertical terrain radar detection information and camera image information of radar in addition to the terrain database, it is expected that it will become an agent capable of performing more robust CFIT autonomous avoidance.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1995

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항공운항학회 2007년 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-79
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• 2007

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2012

항공기 사고 중에서 주요 원인 중 하나인 조종상태 지상충돌(Controlled Flight Into Terrain, CFIT)을 해결하기 위하여 대지 접근 경고 장치(Ground Proximity Warning System, GPWS)를 사용하여 항공기 아랫부분의 지형에 대해서 지형충돌 경고를 출력한다. 이러한 대지 접근 경고 장치도 적시에 경고가 발생하지 않아 많은 문제가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 비행 상태와 지형정보를 이용하여 속도가 빠르고, 고기동을 하는 전투기에 대해서 보다 효율적인 지형/장애물 충돌 회피 경고 알고리듬을 개발하였다. 이 알고리듬에는 조종사의 반응시간을 포함하여 항공기의 지연시간을 고려하였고, 일련의 검증을 통해 실제 탑재 가능한 알고리듬을 제시하였다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2008

비행 편수의 증가 추세는 관제 밀집도를 높여 항공관제 사와 조종사간 communication 실수를 유발할 수 있는데 특히 호출 부호(Call Sign)의 혼동, 착각에 의한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 항공 관제사와 조종사간의 communication 실수는 항공기 고도 위반, 활주로 침범, CFIT, 공중 충돌, Near Miss로 인한 위험 상황을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구는 민간 항공사에 근무하는 조종사들의 유사 콜사인에 대한 혼동 정도와 위험성 인식을 설문 조사하였으며 이를 분석하여 방지 대책을 모색하였다. 국내 조종사와 외국인 조종사의 혼동 정도와 위험성 인식의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 공항이 위치한 국가에 따라 혼동 정도의 차이가 있었다. 동일 항공사에서 나타나는 유사 콜사인은 자체 해결 가능하였지만 타 항공사와의 유사 콜사인을 해결하는 데는 한계가 있어 관계 기관의 적극적인 중재가 요구된다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2008

This study was conducted with respect to the causal factors revealed through the investigation of the recent airlines aircraft crash accident which occurred while aircraft was on the climb-out or on the final approach. This study also highlighted the importance of flight deviation and exceedance occurrences in consideration of Flight Operational Quality Assurance Program(FOQA). Twenty airline pilots participated in the flight experiment to perform ten(10) sets of simulated approaches and landings. As a result, Twelve(12) kinds of deviation events were discovered. In this respect, The FOQA program must be fully implemented to prevent any flight safety incident under the auspices of the Korea domestic aviation community as well.