• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.282-290
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• 2013

Biophysical and biochemical processes through which crops interact with the atmosphere have been simulated using land surface models and crop growth models. The Noah Multi Physics (MP) model and the CERES-Rice model, which are a land surface model, and a crop growth model, respectively, were used to simulate and compare rice growth and evapotranspiration (ET) in the areas near Haenam flux tower in Korea. Simulations using these models were performed from 2003 to 2012 during which flux measurements were obtained at the Haenam site. The Noah MP model failed to simulate the pattern of temporal change in leaf area index (LAI) after heading. The simulated aboveground biomass with the Noah MP model was underestimated by about 10% of the actual biomass. The ET simulated with the Noah MP model was as low as 21% of those with the CERES-Rice model. In comparison with actual ET measured at Haenam flux site, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the Noah MP model was 1.8 times larger than that of the CERES-Rice model. The Noah MP model seems to show less reliable simulation of crop growth and ET due to simplified phenology processes and assimilates partitioning compared with the CERES-Rice model. When ET was adjusted by the ratio between leaf biomass simulated using CERES-Rice model and Noah MP model, however, the RMSE of ET was reduced by 30%. This suggests that an improvement of the Noah MP model in representing rice growth in paddy fields would allow more reliable simulation of matter and energy fluxes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.129-130
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• 1998

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2017

We attempted to assess the impact of climate change on rice yields in Cambodia and to investigate adaptation strategies to climate change including more drastically shifting the planting dates and considering more fertilizer application levels. The potential yields of two wet season rice cultivars (Sen Pidao and Phka Rumduol) under two climate change scenarios in Cambodia were simulated using the CERES-Rice model. Field experiments conducted at the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), in 2010, 2011, and 2013 and climate variables from the HadGEM3-RA model were collected for this study. Compared with the baseline (1991-2000), yields of Sen Pidao rice will decrease under climate change and yields of Phka Rumduol rice could increase or decrease depending on fertilizer rates and the periods (2040s, 2050s, and 2080s). In general, the variations in the simulated effects of climate change on yields were more sensitive at fertilizer N100-N200 and less sensitive at fertilizer N0-N50. It is likely that forward shifts of planting date from the baseline plating date for the two cultivars in the future can be more benefitted than backward shifts. It is concluded that the CERES-Rice model can be useful to provide efficacious adaptation strategies in Cambodia.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2003

The crop growth simulation model could be adopted to evaluate the impact not only of the long term climate change such as atmosphere $CO_2$ concentration rising and global warming but also of the predicted short term weather variability on the national crop production. There are several growth simulation models for predicting rice crop performance such as ORYZA1, CERES-Rice, Rice Clock Model, and SIMRIW.(omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Agriculture is dependable to weather condition and its change so that it is necessary to understand the impacts of climatic change. The aim of this study is to analyze the change of consumptive use of water and rice yield due to climate change using CERES-Rice. In this study, the weather data of three emission scenario of A1B, A2 and B1 created from CGCM (Coupled General Circulation Model) were used from 2011 to 2100, and downscaled daily weather data were simulated using LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator). The input data for cultivated condition for simulating CERSE (Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis)-Rice were created referring to standard cultivation method of paddy rice in Korea. The results showed that consumptive uses of water for paddy rice were projected decreasing to 4.8 % (2025s), 9.1 % (2055s), 12.6 % (2085s) comparing to the baseline value of 403.5 mm in A2 scenario. The rice yield of baseline was 450.7 kg/10a and projected increasing to -0.4 % (2025s), 3.9 % (2055s), 17.5 % (2085s) in A1B scenario. The results demonstrated relationships between consumptive use of water and rice yields due to climate change and can be used for the agricultural water resources development planning and cultivation method of paddy rice for the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

Crop status monitoring and yield prediction at higher spatial resolution is a valuable tool in various decision making processes including agricultural policy making by the national and local governments. A prototype crop forecasting system was developed to project the size of rice crop across geographic areas nationwide, based on daily weather pattern. The system consists of crop models and the input data for 1,455 cultivation zone units (the smallest administrative unit of local government in South Korea called "Myun") making up the coterminous South Korea. CERES-rice, a rice crop growth simulation model, was tuned to have genetic characteristics pertinent to domestic cultivars. Daily maximum/minimum temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation surface on 1km by 1km grid spacing were prepared by a spatial interpolation of 63 point observations from the Korea Meteorological Administration network. Spatial mean weather data were derived for each Myun and transformed to the model input format. Soil characteristics and management information at each Myun were available from the Rural Development Administration. The system was applied to the forecasting of national rice production for the recent 3 years (1997 to 1999). The model was run with the past weather data as of September 15 each year, which is about a month earlier than the actual harvest date. Simulated yields of 1,455 Myuns were grouped into 162 counties by acreage-weighted summation to enable the validation, since the official production statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is on the county basis. Forecast yields were less sensitive to the changes in annual climate than the reported yields and there was a relatively weak correlation between the forecast and the reported yields. However, the projected size of rice crop at each county, which was obtained by multiplication of the mean yield with the acreage, was close to the reported production with the $r^2$ values higher than 0.97 in all three years.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2013

Our understanding of the sensitivities of crop responses to changes in carbon dioxide, temperature, and water is limited, which makes it difficult to fully utilize crop models in assessing the impact of climate change on future agricultural production. Genetic coefficients of CERES-Barley model for major domestic cultivars in South Korea (Olbori at Suwon, Albori at Milyang, Saessalbori at Iksan, and Samdobori at Jinju) were estimated from the observed data for daily weather and field trials for more than 10 years by using GenCalc in DSSAT. Data from 1997-2002 annual crop status report (Rural Development Administration, RDA) were used to validate the crop coefficients. The sitecalibrated CERES-Barley model was used to perform crop growth simulation with the 99 treatments of step change combinations in temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide concentration with respect to the baseline climate (1981-2010) at four sites. The upper boundary corresponds to the 2071-2100 climate outlook from the RCP 8.5 scenario. The response surface of grain yield showed a distinct pattern of model behavior under the combined change in environmental variables. The simulated grain yield was most sensitive to $CO_2$ concentration, least sensitive to precipitation, and showing a variable response to temperature depending on cultivar. The emulated impacts of response surfaces are expected to facilitate assessment of projected climate impacts on a given cultivar in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.229-241
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• 2006

Global air temperature has risen by $0.6^{\circ}C$ over the last one hundred years due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases. Moreover, this global warming trend is projected to continue in the future. This study was carried out to evaluate spatial variations in rice production areas by simulating rice-growth and development with projected high resolution climate data in Korea far 2011-2100, which was geospatially interpolated from the 25 km gridded data based on the IPCC SRES A2 emission scenario. Satellite remote sensing data were used to pinpoint the rice-growing areas, and corresponding climate data were aggregated to represent the official 'crop reporting county'. For the simulation experiment, we used a CERES-Rice model modified by introducing two equations to calculate the leaf appearance rate based on the effective temperature and existing leaf number and the final number of leaves based on day-length in the photoperiod sensitive phase of rice. We tested the performance of this model using data-sets obtained from transplanting dates and nitrogen fertilization rates experiments over three years (2002 to 2004). The simulation results showed a good performance of this model in heading date prediction [$R^2$=0.9586 for early (Odaebyeo), $R^2$=0.9681 for medium (Hwasungbyeo), and $R^2$=0.9477 for late (Dongjinbyeo) maturity cultivars]. A modified version of CERES-Rice was used to simulate the growth and development of three Japonica varieties, representing early, medium, and late maturity classes, to project crop status for climatological normal years between 2011 and 2100. In order to compare the temporal changes, three sets of data representing 3 climatological years (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) were successively used to run the model. Simulated growth and yield data of the three Japonica cultivars under the observed climate for 1971-2000 was set as a reference. Compared with the current normal, heading date was accelerated by 7 days for 2011-2040 and 20 days for 2071-2100. Physiological maturity was accelerated by 15 days for 2011-2040 and 30 days for 2071-2100. Rice yield was in general reduced by 6-25%, 3-26%, and 3-25% per 10a in early, medium, and late maturity classes, respectively. However, mid to late maturing varieties showed an increased yield in northern Gyeonggi Province and in most of Kwangwon Province in 2071-2100.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

작물생육모형은 작물의 광합성과정 등 주요 생리과정을 정량적으로 연구하기 위해 30여 년 전부터 소개되기 시작하였다. 다양한 환경조건 하에서 생장 및 발육의 종합적인 모의가 가능한 정도로 발전한 최근에는 주요 식량작물에 대해 실용수준의 모형들이 개발되어 다양한 용도로 쓰이고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2002

남한 벼 품종들의 북한 서부지역 적응성을 평가하고자 11개 품종의 유전적 특성을 갖도록 모수가 조정된 벼 생육모형 CERES-rice를, 선행연구에 의해 생성된 496개 재배구역별 일기상 자료를 이용하여 30년 간씩 구동함으로써 각 재배구역의 품종별 기후학적 적응성을 평가하였다.(중략)