• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) infection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) was treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ and CD11b+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in the lungs, and CD3e+/CD69+ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PA-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}$-actin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusions : These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1996

The cadmium(Ⅱ)-carboxylate complexes of monocarboxylates and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in an aqueous solution were investigated using 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. From these spectral data the chemical shifts of the monocarboxylate (e.g. acetate, benzoate and propanoate) complexes of Cd(Ⅱ) were evaluated (CdL+: -22 to -24 ppm range; CdL2: -39 to -40 ppm range; L: carboxylate). The chemical shift of cadmium(Ⅱ) bound on PAA changed in value from -36.6 to -38.2 ppm when the [PAA]/[Cd] ratios were varied from 12 to 118 eq/mol at a constant pH of 6. The 113Cd chemical shift was sensitive to the change in solution pH: the chemical shift changed from 1.6 to -37.6 ppm when the pH was rasied from 1 to 6 at a constant [PAA]/[Cd] ratio of 39 eq/mol. These results show that under these conditions, the dominant species formed in solution is 1 : 2 complex (CdL2), and 1 : 1 complex (CdL+) is only formed at low pH, when polyanion concentration is low.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2004

Objectives and methods : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AHCR(ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE) herbal acupuncture at St36 on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations(1%, 0.1%) of AHCR-HAS at Chok-samni (St36) for the later 8 weeks (3times/week). Results 1. Lung weight of the mice group treated with AHCR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total Leukocytes in BALF of the mice group treated wtih AHCR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. The number of Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated wtih AHCR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 4. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+,\;CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with AHCR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 5. The number of $CD8^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with AHCR-HA didn't show significant difference compared with that of control group. 6. The concentration of IgE, IL-13, IL-4 in serum of the mice group treated with AHCR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion We conclude that AHCR-HA is effective on OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mouse.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.105-120
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mori Folium herbal acupuncture at St36 on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA (ovalbumin) for 12 weeks (once a week) Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations (1%, 0.1%) of Mori Folium herbal acupuncture at Chok-samni (St36) for the later 8 weeks (3times/week). Result : 1. Lung weight of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total Leukocytes in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. The number of Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 4. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b,\;CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 5. The concentration of IgE, IL-13, IL-4 in serum of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The concentration of IL-4 in BALF of the mice group treated with Mori Folium herbal acupuncture decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion : We conclude that Mori Folium herbal acupuncture is effective on OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mouse.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 2002

Bovine PAS-4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed in mammary epithelial cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning of PAS-4 was performed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide probes based on it's amino terminal and internal tryptic-peptides. The cloned PAS-4 cDNA was 1,852 nucleotides (nt) long and its open reading frame (ORF) was encoded 1,413 base long. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that PAS-4 consisted of 471 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 52,796, bearing 8 potential N-glycosylation sites and 9 cysteine residues. Partial bovine CD36 cDNA from liver also was sequenced and the homology of both nucleotide sequence was 94%. Most of the identical amino acid residues were in the luminal/extracellular domains. Contrary to PAS-4, bovine liver CD36 displays 6 potential N-glycosylation sites, which were located, except for those at positions 101 and 171, at same positions as PAS-4 cDNA. Cysteine residues of PAS-4 and CD36 were same at position and in numbers. Northern blot analysis showed that PAS-4 was widely expressed, although its mRNA steady-state levels vary considerably among the analyzed cell types. PAS-4 possessed hydrophobic amino acid segments near the amino- and carboxyl-termini. Two short cytoplasmic tails of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends constituted of a 5-7 and 8-11 amino acid residues, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, rs6969989 polymorphism with the serum lipid profiles in Korean women, together with their modulation by oily fish consumption. Subjects were participants from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES), which was initiated in 2001 as a large-scale. A total of 4,210 women aged 39 to 70 were included in this study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood chemical analysis. Dietary intake was analyzed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The minor allele frequency for rs6969989 was found in 12% of this population. Homozygotes minor G allele at the rs6868989 exhibited significantly higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations (P-trend=0.043) and lower fasting glucose (P-trend=0.013) than major allele A carriers. The risk of low HDL-C was significantly lower in homozygotes for the G allele than the A allele carriers (P-trend=0.032). Gene-diet interaction effects between rs6969989 and oily fish intake were significantly associated with the risk of dyslipidemia (P-interaction=0.004). Subjects with homozygotes minor G allele and high oily fish intake generally had a lower risk of dyslipidemia than did those with major allele homozygotes and low oily fish intake. These findings supported that oily fish consumption may modulate the contributions of CD36 rs6969989 on genetic predisposition to the risk of dyslipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

[Purpose] Lactate has several beneficial roles as an energy resource and in metabolism. However, studies on the effects of oral administration of lactate on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis are limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how oral administration of lactate affects fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors at specific times (0, 30, 60, 120 min) after intake. [Methods] Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups as follows: the control group (0 min) was sacrificed immediately after oral lactate administration; the test groups were administered lactate (2 g/kg) and sacrificed after 30, 60, and 120 min. Skeletal muscle and liver mRNA expression of GLUT4, FAT/CD36, PDH, CS, PC and GYS2 was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. [Results] GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression was significantly increased in skeletal muscle 120 min after lactate administration. PDH expression in skeletal muscle was altered at 30 and 120 min after lactate consumption, but was not significantly different compared to the control. CS, PC and GYS2 expression in liver was increased 60 min after lactate administration. [Conclusion] Our results indicate that exogenous lactate administration increases GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression in the muscle as well as glycogen synthase factors (PC, GYS2) in the liver after 60 min. Therefore, lactate supplementation may increase fat utilization as well as induce positive effects on glycogen synthesis in athletes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2004

3-weeks old Commelina was transferred to and grown in Hoagland solution (Control, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA + 2 mM sucrose) for 3 weeks and then the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) on the accumulation of $Cd^{2+}$ and growth of $Cd^{2+}$-treated Commelina were investigated. In the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.74, and 51.36 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for three weeks, 0.51 and 34,53 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt, in leaf and stem respectively. When IAA was treated along with $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 0.18 and 8.63 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt, at the first week, and for the incubation of 3 weeks, 0,51 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. In case of $Cd^{2+}$+IAA+sucrose, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.45 and 18.33 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for 3 weeks, 0,51 and 25.45 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. Likewise $Cd^{2+}$ uptake, the growth was also affected by $Cd^{2+}$ and IAA. During the incubation of 3 weeks, $Cd^{2+}$ reduced the stem growth about 8% in all weeks, but the treatment of IAA recovered the inhibition of stem growth caused by $Cd^{2+}$ to the degree of the control Therefore, it could be concluded that IAA altered the pattern of $Cd^{2+}$ uptake and the growth which were supposed to change $Cd^{2+}$ toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.997-1012
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of whole grape, grape pomace and grape juice intake on cadmium (Cd) metabolism during aging in thirteen-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. One hundred and twenty rats weighing 548.8 $\pm$ 4.3 g were assigned to eight groups according to body weight and were raised for 3, 5 or 7 months on diets containing 2 ％ (w/w) dried powders of three different parts of the grape (Campbell Early) and 0.02 ％ (w/w) CdC12. Food intake tended to decrease with aging, and body weight and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights of Cd-exposed groups were lower than those of Cd-free groups. Cadmium accumulated in the blood and tissues and Cd concentration was the lowest in the pomace group among Cd-exposed animals. Metallothionein (MT) concentration in the tissues increased through Cd administration. Grape diets, especially grape pomace diets, were effective in decreasing Cd absorption in the tissues by increasing Cd excretion through feces. The intake of grape pomace alleviated the decrease in bone density caused by Cd administration and prevented a decrease in glomerular filtration rates (GFR) with aging. Among the parts of grape, grape pomace, which had highest content of dietary fiber and flavonoids, was the most effective. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using grape pomace as a functional food material, a prospect that previously has been discarded.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2003

목적： 고형성 종양에 특이적으로 발현하는 MR 분자영상용 조영제의 후보물질을 분자생물학적 방법 및 in vitro 분자영상기법을 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법： 암이 진행됨에 따라 유전자가 과발현되는 세포표면 단백질인 CD44 와 세포막에 존재하는 단백질분해효소의 일종인 MTI-MMP를 일차 선정하여 유전자 수준 및 단백질 수준에서 분자생물학적 방법으로 종양특이성에 대해 검증하였고, 특히 각종 암세포에서 발현양이 증가하는 CD44의 변형인 CD44v6 항체를 이용하여 생세포에서의 표적화에 대한 광학적 검증을 위해 초상자성 나노입자 대신 형광입자(FITC)를 결합하여 confocal microscopy로 실시간 표적화에 대한 분자영상을 획득하였다.