• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at Joksanmi($ST_{36}$) on Rat's aging by experimental methods. Methods : The author performed several experimental procedures to observe the effects of the EC-HAS at the arthritis. First, I measured the cell survival rate of the mice lung fibroblasts. Second, the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA were analyzed. Third, the levels of IL-6, $INF-{\gamma}$ , $INF-{\alpha}$ , $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II were measured in serum and the level of $INF-{\gamma}$, $INF-{\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, histological analysis of the mice joint was performed. Fifth, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ cells to $CD19^+$ cells, $CD4^+$ cells to $CD8^+$ cells, $CD11a^+CD19^+$ cells, $CD4^+CD25^+$ cells, $CD3^+CD69^+$ cells, and $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells were checked. Results: 1. The hematocrit was meaningfully (p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control and sham group. 2. The glucose, ALP were meaningfully (p<0.05, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 3. In the activation of hepatic antioxidase, the catalase was meaningfully (p<0.01) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 4. In the liver, the NO formation was meaningfully (p<0.001) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the nomal, control and sham group. 5. In the activation of splenetic antioxidase, the GSH was meaningfully (p<0.01) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the sham group, and the catalase was meaningfully (p<0.001) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 6. In the spleen, the MDA formation was meaningfully (p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control and sham group. 7. In the spleen cell culture, the levels of IL-6 was meaningfully (p<0.05) decreased in comparison with the sham group, $INF-{\gamma}$( was meaningfully (p<0.05) increased in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: According to the results, it is considered that electroacupuncture at Joksamni($ST_{36}$) is effective in increasing the activities of antioxidative enzyme and inhibiting lipid peroxides, and has an immunomodulatory reaction. In conclusion, it han an significant anti-aging effect and need more experimental study.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

수경 재배된 케냐프의 중금속 축적량 및 제거량을 파악하고 서로의 관계를 도출하기 위하여 Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni 및 Zn이 포함된 반응조에 노출시켰다. 대상식물의 최적성장을 위한 pH, DO, 전도도 및 영양염의 농도조절은 액체비료를 이용하여 조정하였다. 8일의 수리학적 체류시간을 적용했을 때 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 제거율은 각각 90.5%, 80.5%, 66.1%, 71.1% 및 79.4%였고 그 농도는 각각 2.34에서 0.54 mg $L^{-1}$까지, 3.37에서 1.07 mg $L^{-1}$까지, 4.92에서 3.19 mg $L^{-1}$까지, 6.31에서 4.41 mg $L^{-1}$까지, 6.27에서 2.09 mg $L^{-1}$까지 줄었다. 특히 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 축적율은 각각 원소별로 347.32 and 275.39, 157.52, 50.48 및 211.01 mg DW kg $L^{-1}d^{-1}$로 나타남으로써 본 연구의 결과 케냐프는 Cr, Cd과 Zn을 효율적으로 제거하는 식물임을 확인할 수 있었다. 최대제거율을 나타냈던 시점에서 Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Zn의 제거량에 대한 축적비율은 43.4%, 39.9%, 21.4%, 5.6% 및 14.5%로 나타났으며, 이와같은 생체내로의 축적과 더불어 rhizosphere에서나 잎을 통한 또 다른 기작에 의해 제거되는 것을 추정할 수 있으며 이는 밝혀야할 숙제로 대두되었다. 원소별로는 다른 원소에 비해 Cr, Cd및 Zn이 효율적으로 축적됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopotentiating activity of combine extract that Silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia. Recently, acute epidemic diseases such as cold and viral respiratory diseases have been emerging. So, interested in immunity enhancement has been increasing, and research on natural products to promote immunity activity has been actively conducted. Methods : To confirm the immunopotentiating activity effect, Silkworm (SW), Cinnamomum cassia (CC), and SWCC combined extracts were treated 14 days at 300 mg/kg/day. The changes of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum were analyzed after experiment. The changes in the total spleen cell number were measured. Immune cells in spleen were analyzed using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). also, analyzed the expression of cytokines in spleen. Results : Total number of cells in the spleen and FACS analysis of T lymphocytes activated in the spleen showed that the SWCC combined treated group had much higher frequency of active cells than both single groups. The ratio of CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in spleen, SWCC is higher than other groups except Nor in CD4+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD25+ T cells. The results of this study suggest that SWCC can help immune function via IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ cytokine production, increased T lymphocytes and splenocyte proliferation. Conclusion : Therefore, these results suggested that the SWCC combined extracts administration increase stronger immunity enhancement than when SW and CC adminstration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.614-620
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• 2004

본 연구의 주목적은 난황 콜레스테롤 함량 및 계란 품질에 관한 식이내 베타사이클로덱스트린($\beta$CD)의 효과를 조사하는 것이었다. 29주령 산란계 100마리를 이용하여 각각 20마리씩의 5그룹으로 나누어서 완전임의 배치하였으며 실험 10주기간 동안에 각각의 산란 케이지 내에서 수용하였다. 산란계의 식이는 순수한 $\beta$CD를 0, 3, 5, 7 또는 10% 함유하는 5개의 처리구로 나누었다. 암탉의 식이섭취량, 산란율, 난중은 $\beta$CD 무첨가구와 $\beta$CD 3, 5, 및 7% 첨가구 사이에 서로 비슷하였으나 $\beta$CD 10% 첨가구는 유의적으로 낮아졌다(p＜0.05). 식이요구율을 계란 1개당으로 표시했을 때 식이내 $\beta$CD 첨가수준과 차이는 없었으나 $\beta$CD 10% 첨가구에서 유의적으로 손상되었다(p＜0.05). $\beta$CD 첨가는 호우유니트, 난황색 및 난각두께에 아무런 영향을 주지 않았다. 난황 g당 콜레스테롤 함량은 $\beta$CD 무첨가구와 비교할 때 $\beta$CD 3, 5, 7 및 10% 첨가구에서 각각 3.76, 5.12, 5.49 및 6.48 mg씩 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다(p＜0.05). 계란 60 g당 콜레스테롤 함량은 $\beta$CD 무첨가구와 비교할 때 $\beta$CD 3, 5, 7 및 10% 첨가구에서 각각 54, 71, 77 및 86 mg으로 감소하는 경향이었다(p＜0.05). 가장 획기적인 효과는 산란계 식이내 $\beta$CD 5%와 7% 첨가구에 의해서 난황 콜레스테롤 함량이 각각 28.19% 및 30.23%까지 감소한 관찰이었다. 이상의 결과로 $\beta$CD의 첨가 급여는 난황의 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮출 수 있으며 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아진 기능성 계란을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2007

To examine the effects of HHCP on atopic dermatitis and its various immunopathologic parameters was induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice and the animals were orally administrated with HHCP. We summarized the results obtained from serum levels of IgE and the numbers of various immune cells as follow. HHCP has no cytotoxic effects at the range of concentration (1-400 ${\mu}g$/ml) on fibroblast isolated from lung of BALB/c mice. HHCP significantly lowered the serum levels of IgE compared with control at 16 and 20 week. HHCP significantly reduced the number of CD19$^+$ cell in spleen and DLN, as well as the number of B220$^+$ /IgE$^+$ cell in DLN compared with control. HHCP significantly reduced the number of ${\alpha}$${\beta}$ TCR$^+$ in spleen and DLN, the number of CD8$^+$ in spleen compared with control, and also significantly reduced the number of CD3$^+$, CCR3, CD3$^+$/CD69$^+$, CD3/ CCR3, CD4$^+$, CD3$^+$/ CD4$^+$/CD45$^+$ cell in DLN. HHCP increased the number of NK$^+$ cells in spleen compared with control, in contrast significantly decreased the number of CD11c$^+$/ Classll$^+$ cell and CD11b$^+$/Gr-1$^+$ cell in DLN. Taken together, these results suggested that HHCP has suppressive effects on atopic dermatitis through the inhibition of IgE production and modulation of immune cell population in NC/Nga mice.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2005

The structure of nitrogen adsorption complex of fully dehydrated $Cd^{2+}$ ion exchanged zeolite-X, $|Cd_{46}(N)_{18}|[Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}]$, was determined in the cubic space group $Fd\overline{3}$ at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$ [a = 24.863(4) ] by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing steam of 0.05 M aqueous solution $Cd(NO_3)_2$ : $Cd(O_2CCH_3)_2$ = 1:1 for five days, followed by dehydration at $500^{\circ}C$ and $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Tor. for two days, and exposured to 100 Tor. zeolitically dry nitrogen gas at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$. The structure was determined in atmosphere, and was refined within $F_0$ > $4{\sigma}(F_0)$ using reflection for which the final error can appear in indices $R_1$ = 0.097 and $wR_2$ = 0.150. In this structure, $Cd^{2+}$ ions occupied four crystallographic sites. Nine $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled the octahedral site I at the centers of hexagonal prisms (Cd-O = 2.452(16) ${\AA}$). Eight $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled site I' (Cd-O = 2.324(19) ${\AA}$). The remaining 29 $Cd^{2+}$ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (in the supercages) with occupancy of 11 and 18 ions. Each of these $Cd^{2+}$ ions coordinated to three framework oxygens, either at 2.159(15) or 2.147(14) ${\AA}$, respectively. Eighteen nitrogen molecules were adsorbed per unit cell and three per supercage.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2008

In order to validate the objective efficacy of CBPT on anti-asthma and to develop effective therapeutics for asthma treatments, immunological modulatory mechanism was studied using animal model using OVA-Alum. The results are listed below. When treated with CBPT, survival rate of hFCs at 250 ug/ml was above 90%. AST and ALT, indicators of liver function measurements were in the normal range. Compared to the control group, CBPT treated group showed significant reduction in liver weights at both 400 and 200 mg/kg, and significant decrease of total liver cells at 400 mg/kg. Significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ cells in DLN was observed in the CBPT treated group. Slight increase in CD3+, CD4+/CD25+ cells were also observed. On the other hand, CBPT significantly reduced the CD3+/CD69+ cell numbers at both concentrations. Slight decrease of CD19+ cells was also observed. CBPT significantly reduced the CD3e+/CD69+, CCR3+ and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells in lung tissues at both doses. However, significant decrease of CD3e+ and B220+/IgE+ cells was only observed at 400 mg/kg dosed group. The results above strongly suggest the anti-asthmatic effect of CBPT through immunological modulation. By using various concentrations of CBPT, broader clinical applications of CBPT on anti-asthmatic treatment can be developed. The EBM database should provide valuable information in the development of drugs for asthma treatments.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.125-142
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture with Stephania Tetrandra Solution (ST-AS) on arthritis. Methods : The author performde several experimental items : that isgene expression and secretion of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, MMP-2, production of ROS, paw thickness, DTH, weight of spleen, expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ in the spleen, production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, examination of histology. Results : The obstain results are summarized as follows. 1. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression of hFLS were significantly inhibited in treatmentgroup, and gene expression of MMP-2 was not inhibited in treatmentgroup. 2. The secretion amount of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly inhibited in treatmentgroup. 3. Expression of P-38 MAP kinase and production of ROS were inhibited in treatmentgroup. 4. Treatmentgroup were significantly inhibited the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema, the index of arthritis and DTH of CIA (collagen II-induced arthritis) mice. 5. Treatmentgroup were significantly decreased splenetic weight and the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ activated cells and secretion aroout of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ of CIA (collagen II-induced arthritis) mice.. 6. Treatmentgroup were expressed form of new bone, synoviumin, new margine in histology imperison to controlgroup. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, ST-AS injection is considered to be effective in treating arthritis and put to practical use in future arthritis clinic.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (ADR) extract on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. COPD was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS and CSC 5 times for 12 days; this increased airway hyperresoponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). ADR extract was administered orally at a dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg. The concentration of imperatorin, a major component of ADR and therefore used as a measure of quality control, was $0.098%{\pm}0.018%$. Treatment of the mice with ADR extract (50 and 200 mg/kg) alleviated AHR and reduced inflammatory cell counts. Treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA; 10 mg/kg) also modulated AHR and reduced inflammatory cells effectively. Compared with CSA treatment, treatment with ADR (50 mg/kg) extract reduced neutrophil and $CD4^+/CD3^+$ cell counts by 22.67% and 44.92%, respectively. In addition, compared with CSA treatment, treatment ADR 200 mg/kg reduced neutrophils, $CD4^+/CD3^+$ cells and $CD8^+/CD3^+$ cells, by 32.10%, 83.17% and 82.11%, respectively. These results indicate that ADR extract may have an inhibitory effect on COPD induced by LPS and CSC in mice.