• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2012

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of lymphoma that arises in the body cavity without detectable masses. It is associated with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, PEL unrelated to viral infection has been reported and it has been termed HHV-8 unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma (HHV-8 unrelated PEL-like lymphoma). Here, we report a case of HHV-8 unrelated PEL-like lymphoma in an 80-year-old woman. Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural effusion analysis and mediastinoscopic biopsy showed atypical cells that had originated from the B cells. The cells were positive for CD20 and bcl-2, but negative for CD3, CD5, CD21, CD30, CD138, epithelial membrane antigen, and HHV-8. Serological tests for HIV and EBV were negative. Considering the patient's age, further treatments were not performed. She has shown good prognosis without chemotherapy for more than 18 months.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the amounts of voluntary intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats (KNG) fed agricultural by-products containing rice straw (RS) and apple pomace (AP) and to obtain a basic information for establishing the feeding system of KNG. The result are as follows. 1. Among the chemical composition of experimental diets, the highest values in crude protein (CP ; 18.6%) and crude ash contents (10.7%) were observed in alfalfa hay. Those of RS+AP treatment were significantly low 6.0 and 4.8%, respecitively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents were shown an adverse tendency. 2. Dry matter (DM) intakes per day in KNG fed RS+commercial diet (CD), RS+AP and RS+AP+CD were significantly lower (P<0.05) 210.3, 228.3, respectively than 358.1g in alfalfa hay. 3. DM intakes per basal weight expressed as DM g/kg of BW0.75 and DM g/kg of BW(%) were highest (P<0.05) 60.5g and 3.3%, respectively in KNG fed alfalfa hay, any other treatments showed 35.6 to 42.5g and 2.0 to 2.3%, respectively and this result was similar to those of DM intake per day. 4. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, ADF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF). crude ash and ether extract in alfalfa hay and RS+AP+CD treatment were significantly higher (P<0.05) than RS+CD treatment. Those of CP, ADF and NDF of RS+AP treatment in not significantly different with these treatments. 5. NSC digestibility was higher in alfalfa hay (66.7%) than those of other treatments (44.2~52.0% ; P<0.05). 6. Nitrogen retentions expressed as N retention(g) and N retention (%) in KNG were highest (P<0.05) 0.6g and 15.6%, respectively in RS+AP+CD treatment and RS+CD treatment was lowest (P<0.05) -06g and -21.4%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1135-1140
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• 2005

Dogs are a very good indicator of the pollution load on the environment. They share people's environment and are exposed to the action of the same pollutants. This study was to estimate the heavy metal contents in dog hairs in domestic districts, and to assess effects of age, sex, feed habits, living area, breeding environment and smoking habit of owner. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in 204 samples were 0.09${\pm}$0.10 ${\mu}g$/g, 0.21${\pm}$0.09 ${\mu}g$/g, 0.82${\pm}$0.09 ${\mu}g$/g and 0.48${\pm}$0.07 ${\mu}g$/g (Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr)) in dog hairs, respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr in dog hairs in Yeongnam including Ulsan and Seoul, were higher than in Chungchong and Honam, and concentrations of Pb were significantly different (p<0.01). Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr in dog hairs increased with age (p<0.05). Only dogs fed commercial pet foods had significantly higher Cd and Cr concentrations in hairs than dogs fed dog feed and human diet (p<0.01 in Cd and p<0.05 in Cr). Cr concentrations of dog hairsfrom dogs kept on cement floors were the highest of the other environments (p<0.01). Heavy metal concentrations of dogs owned by smokers, were higher than dogs of non-smokers, but there were no significant differences.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

This study was carried out to estimate heavy metal loads at plain area of the rural watersheds during farming season in 2006. The experimental area was belonging to Geum River watershed. That was located at the center of South Korea. Water samples were corrected at two kinds of aspects. One is regular sampling(every two month) and the other is irregular sampling(every rainfall event). The result showed that heavy metal properties of regular samples were highest at May and June with lively agricultural activities. Heavy metal concentration of irregular samples was lower than that of regular samples. But the heavy metal loads of irregular samples were high. The correlation between each heavy metals of regular samples was following as Mn-Cd > Mn-Fe > Mn-Al > Fe-Al > Al-Cd. The correlation of irregular samples was following as Fe-AI > Zn-Mn > Fe-Cd > Cd-Al. Loading rates of daily discharge the plain area of designed rural watershed during farming season were Al 3.070 kg/day, Cu 0.526 kg/day, Fe 0.745 kg/day, Zn 0.314 kg/day, Cd 0.010 kg/day, Cr 0.055 kg/day, Mn 0.140 kg/day and Pb 0.098 kg/day. Loading rate of discharge with heavy metals during the survey period was Al(577.23 kg) > Fe(140.08 kg) > Cu(98.93 kg) > Zn(58.99 kg) > Mn(26.34 kg) > Pb(18.51 kg) > Cr(10.34 kg) > Cd(1.93 kg).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2015

We studied optical and electrical properties of two-wavelength white tandem organic light-emitting diodes using red and blue materials. White fluorescent OLEDs were fabricated using Alq3 : Rubrene (3 vol.% 5 nm) / SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 25 nm) as emitting layer (EML). White single fluorescent OLED showed maximum current efficiency of 9.7 cd/A, and tandem fluorescent OLED showed 18.2 cd/A. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of single and tandem fluorescent OLEDs was (0.385, 0.435), (0.442, 0.473) at $1,000cd/m^2$, respectively. White hybrid OLEDs were fabricated using SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 10 nm) / CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2(acac)$ (2 vol.% 20 nm) as EML. White single hybrid OLED showed maximum current efficiency of 7.8 cd/A, and tandem hybrid OLED showed 26.4 cd/A. Maximum current efficiency of tandem hybrid OLED was more twice as high as single OLED. CIE coordinates of single hybrid OLED was (0.315, 0.333), and tandem hybrid OLED was (0.448, 0.363) at $1,000cd/m^2$. CIE coordinates in white tandem OLEDs compared to those for single OLEDs observed red shift. This work reveals that stacked white OLED showed current efficiency improvement and red shifted emission than single OLED.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titer and stage of duodenal mucosal damage and assess a possible cut-off value of anti-tTG at which celiac disease (CD) may be diagnosed in children in conjunction with clinical judgment. Methods: This observational study was conducted at a gastroenterology clinic in a tertiary hospital from April 2012 to May 2013. Seventy children between 6-months and 18-years-old with suspected CD underwent celiac serology and duodenal biopsy. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 16. Diagnostic test values were determined for comparing the anti-tTG titer with duodenal biopsy. An analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer tests were performed for comparing the means between groups. A receiver operating characteristics curve was plotted to determine various cut-off values of anti-tTG. Results: The mean antibody titer increased with severity of Marsh staging (p<0.001). An immunoglobulin (Ig) A-tTG value at 115 AU/mL had 76% sensitivity and 100% specificity with a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) and 17% negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosis of CD (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1). Conclusion: There is an association between the anti-tTG titer and stage of duodenal mucosal injury in children with CD. An anti-tTG value of 115 AU/mL (6.4 times the upper normal limit) had 76% sensitivity, 100% specificity, with a 100% PPV, and 17% NPV for diagnosing CD (95% CI, 0.75-1). This cut-off may be used in combination with clinical judgment to diagnose CD.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Phytoremediation presents a low-carbon and eco-friendly solution for heavy metal-contaminated soils, which pose great health and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. A hydroponic culture was used to quantitatively assess the phytoremediation potential of plant species to remediate As or Cd-contaminated soil in field application. This study examined the growth, uptake, and distribution of Cd in the roots and shoots of Phalaris arundinacea and Brassica juncea in hydroponic conditions with Cd concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L for 10 days. Additionally, Aster koraiensis and Pteris multifida were cultivated in hydroponic conditions containing As concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg/L for 10 days. The concentrations of Cd in the above-ground part and root tissues of P. arundinacea and B. juncea reached a maximum of 147.7 and 1926.7 mg/kg-D.W.(Dry Weight), and 351.6 and 11305.5 mg/kg-D.W., respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for P. arundinacea and B. juncea were 68.9 and 122.3, respectively. Both species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) of less than 0.1, indicating their eligibility for phytostabilization. Aster koraiensis exhibited significant As accumulation of 155.1 and 1306.7 mg/kg D.W. in the above-ground part and root, respectively. However, this accumulation resulted with substantial weight loss and the manifestation of toxic symptoms. P. multifida exhibited higher accumulation of As (345.1 mg/kg-D.W.) in the fronds than in the roots (255.4 mg/kg-D.W.), corresponding to BCF values of 18.6 and 7.6, respectively, and a TF greater than 1.2. A TF value greater than 1.0 indicates that P. multifida is a viable option for phytoextraction.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1993

$Cd^{2+}$ 이온으로 이온 교환된 제올라이트 A를 $750^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\times}10^{-6}$ torr의 진공하에서 탈수한 구조(a = 12.204(1) $\AA$)와 이 결정에 $250^{\circ}C$에서 12시간도안 약 0.1 torr의 Cs 증기로 반응시킨 구조 (12.279(1) $\AA$)를 $21^{\circ}C$에서 입방공간군 Pm3m를 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 정밀화하였다. 탈수한 $Cd_{6-}A$의 구조는 Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 I > $3{\sigma}(I)$인 151개의 독립반사를 사용하여 최종 오차인자를 $R_1=$ 0.081, $R_2=$ 0.091까지 정밀화 계산하였고, 이 결정을 세슘 증기로 반응시킨 구조는 82개의 독립반사를 사용하여 $R_1=$ 0.095 and $R_2=$ 0.089까지 각각 정밀화시켰다. 탈수한 $Cd_{6-}A$의 구조에서는 단위세포당 6개의 $Cd^{2+}$ 이온은 O(3)의 (111) 평면에서 소다라이트 동공쪽으로 약 $0.460\AA$ 들어간 자리에 위치하였다(Cd-O(3) = 2.18(2) $\AA$ and O(3)-Cd-O(3) = $115.7(4)^{\circ}$ 또 약 0.1 torr의 Cs 증기를 써서 $250^{\circ}C$에서 반응시킨 결정에서는 탈수한 $Cd_{6-}A$의 6개의 $Cd^{2+}$ 이온은 모두 Cs 증기에 의해 환원되고 세슘은 4개의 다른 결정학적 자리에 위치하였다. 3개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 $D_{4h}$의 대칭을 가지고 8-링의 중심에 위치하였다. 단위세포당 약 9개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 3회 회전축상에 위치하였다. 그 중 약 7개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 동공내의 3회 회전축상의 6-링에 위치하고 2개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 소다라이트 동공내에 존재한다. 0.5개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 동공의 4-링과 마주보는 위치에 위치한다. 이 구조에서 제올라이트 골조의 음하전을 상쇄시키는데 필요한 단위세포당 12개의 $Cs^+$ 이온보다 많은 약 12.5개의 Cs 종이 존재한다. 즉 $Cs^0$가 흡착되었음을 알 수 있다. 또 관측한 점유수에서 두 종류의 단위 세포 배열 즉 $Cs_{12}-A$와 $Cs_{13}-A$가 존재함을 알 수 있다. 단위세포의 약 50%는 2개의 $Cs^+$ 이온이 소다라이트 동공내에서 6-링 가까이에 존재하고 6개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 동공내에서 6-링 가까이에 위치한다. 1개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 동공내에서 4-링과 마주보는 위치에 있다. 단위세포의 나머지 50%는 소다라이트 동공내에 2개의 Cs종이 위치하고 큰 동공내에 있는 8개의 $Cs^+$ 이온 중 2개의 $Cs^+$ 이온과 결합하여 선형의 $(Cs_4)^{3+}$ 클라스터를 형성하고 있다. 이 클라스터는 3회 회전축상에 놓여있고 소다라이트 동공 중심을 지나가고 있다. 모든 단위세포는 3개의 $Cs^+$ 이온이 D4h의 대칭을 가지고 8-링 중심에 위치하고 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 부산신항만 준설퇴적물에 포함된 중금속의 총농도, 이동성, 생체이용률, 독성을 알아보기 위하여 총함량분석과 연속추출실험을 실시하였다. 준설퇴적물의 중금속 총농도는 다음과 같이 비교적 낮았다: Al (2.36~2.96 wt.%), As (1.6~3.3 mg/kg), Ba (30.0~33.8 mg/kg), Cd (0.12~0.18 mg/kg), Cr (27.5~35.0 mg/kg), Cu (11.3~15.0 mg/kg), Fe (2.91~3.51 wt.%), Mn (324~408 mg/kg), Ni (18.8~23.8 mg/kg), Pb (23.8~31.3 mg/kg), Zn (70.0~86.3 mg/kg). 또한 대부분의 중금속이 residual fraction으로 존재하였는데, 이는 오염원이 자연발생적일 가능성이 높음을 의미한다: Al (87.5~95.9%), As (74.1~93.8%), Ba (71.8~77.6%), Cr (69.5~94.3%), Cu (50.0~78.7%), Fe (70.8~87.6%), Ni (64.5~75.3%), Pb (53.4~64.3%), Zn (62.5~81.7%). 반면에 Cd과 Mn은 주로 non-residual fraction으로 존재했다. 준설퇴적물의 유해중금속 농도가 낮고 residual fraction 비율이 높기 때문에, 이를 벽돌, 도로포장재료 등으로 재활용하는 것이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1999

A disease of young Holstein calves characterized by recurrent pneumonia, ulcerative and granulomatous stomatitis, enteritis with bacterial overgrowth, periodontitis, delayed wound healing, persistent neutrophilia and death at an early age had been originally described in 1983 and again in 1987. Most of these calves had stunted growth and a persistent, progressive neutrophilia (often exceeding 100,000/ml). By investigation of pedigrees, all of the affected calves have now been traced to a common sire and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic DNA testing to be homozygous carriers of a defective allele for bovine CD18. Neutrophils from these calves have several functional deficits and, most importantly, fail to adhere in a ${\beta}_2$-integrin dependent manner. The ${\beta}_2$-integrins represent a family of glycoproteins which participate in various leukocyte adhesion reactions during host defense. The presence or absence of ${\beta}_2$-integrin molecules can be demonstrated on the surface of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes from normal or affected calves using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, or by colloidal gold immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy in backscatter mode. Deficiency of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins on all leukocyte types in Holstein calves is analogous to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) seen in humans. Neutrophils in bovine (BLAD) and human LAD patients are unable to adhere to the endothelial lining of the cardiovascular system thus interrupting egression of neutrophils into infected tissues. Other leukocytes, while still deficient in expression of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins, are still able to efficiently egress from the blood stream due to interactions of other adhesion molecules that are not as highly expressed on neutrophils. Both BLAD cattle and LAD children (who do not receive bone marrow transplants) often die at an early age as a result of the failure of neutrophils to extravasate into infected tissues. In 1991, Shuster, et $al^{27}$, identified two point mutations within the alleles encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in an extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein that is highly conserved (> 95% identity) between humans, cattle and mice. The other mutation is silent. Numerous calves with clinical symptoms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have since been tested and all have been found homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, calves homozygous far the D128G allele have been identified during widespread DNA testing in the United States. All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through artificial insemination (A.I.), sired many calves in the 1950's and 1960's. The carrier frequency of the D128G CD18 allele among U.S. Holstein cattle had reached approximately 15% among active A.I. bulls and 8% among cows. By 1993, the organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test developed to genotype cattle, enabled virtually complete eradication of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency among current and future A.I. bulls.