• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

1. 광 종류별 조도는 백색광은 2,270Lux로 가장 밝았으며, 황색광 1,750Lux, 청색광 460Lux, 적색광 400Lux의 순이었다. 2. 자실체 특성을 조사한 결과, CBM-1757이 느티만가닥버섯에 비하여 갓의 크기와 대직경이 양호한 경향이었으며, 광 종류간에는 황색광에서 다른 광에 비하여 다소 좋은 경향이었다. 3. 생육기간은 CBM-1757이 느티만가닥버섯에 비하여 균 배양일수는 2일, 초발이소요일수는 1일, 생육일수는 1일정도 단축되어 생육기간이 8일 정도 빠른 경향이었다. 광종류간에는 황색광에서 생육기간이 70일 소요되어 다른 광에 비하여 2~4일 정도 단축되는 경향이었다. 4. 유효경수 및 개체중은 품종간에 차이가 나지 않는 경향이었고, 병당 수량은 느티만가닥버섯 94.8g에 비하여 CBM-1757은 95.6g으로 약간 많았다. 광 종류간에는 백색광의 96.0g에 비하여 청색광 및 적색광에서는 2~9%가 감소되었으나, 황색광에서는 103.4g으로 8% 정도 증수되는 경향이었다. 5. 버섯의 색도는 CBM-1757이 느티만가닥버섯에 비하여 명도, 적색도 및 황색도가 높았으며, 광 종류간에는 황색광에서 다른 광에 비하여 다소 높은 경향이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2019

A special eosinophilic agarase exo-type ${\beta}$-agarase gene, AgaDL6, was cloned from a marine agar-degrading bacterium, Flammeovirga sp. HQM9. The gene comprised 1,383-bp nucleotides encoding a putative agarase AgaDL6 of 461 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 52.8 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed a ${\beta}$-agarase domain that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 16 and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM_4_9) unique to agarases. AgaDL6 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Enzyme activity analysis of the purified protein showed that the optimal temperature and pH of AgaDL6 were $50^{\circ}C$ and 3.0, respectively. AgaDL6 showed thermal stability by retaining more than 98% of activity after incubation for 2 h at $50^{\circ}C$, a feature quite different from other agarases. AgaDL6 also exhibited outstanding acid stability, retaining 100% of activity after incubation for 24 h at pH 2.0 to 5.0, a property distinct from other agarases. This is the first agarase characterized to have such high acid stability. In addition, we observed no obvious stimulation or inhibition of AgaDL6 in the presence of various metal ions and denaturants. AgaDL6 is an exo-type ${\beta}$-1,4 agarase that cleaved agarose into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose as the final products. These characteristics make AgaDL6 a potentially valuable enzyme in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.529-533
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• 1999

In addition to catalyzing the synthesis of dextran from sucrose as a primary reaction, dextransucrase also catalyzes the transfer of glucose from sucrose to other carbohydrates that are present or are added to the reaction digest. We have synthesized new glucans having new structures and new characteristics, by transferring D-glucose of sucrose to $\alpha$-cellulose and by using the constitutive dextransucrase obtained from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-742CBM. The final reaction products were composed of soluble- and insoluble-glucans. The yields of soluble- and insoluble-glucans were theoretically 21% $\pm$ 2.2 and 68% $\pm$ 5.1, respectively. The remainder of the reaction products was recovered as a mixture of olgiosaccharides that could not be precipitated by 67%(v/v) ethanol. Treating the modified glucans with endo-dextranase and/or cellulase, oligosaccharides were produced that were not formed from the hydrolysis of native cellulose or B-742CBM dextran. The modification of the cellulose was confirmed by methylation and acid hydrolysis of the soluble-and insoluble-glucan. Both (1->4) and(1->6) glycosidic linkages were found in both of the glucans.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2004

In terms of women engaged in clerical job. working time of the workers who mainly keep standing with their high-heeled shoes on has been increasing. According]y. they are exposed to many kinds of foot deformation caused by loads of lower back and lower extremities due to high-heeled shoes. The type of heels they usually wear are diverse though the hight is same. In this study. we investigated most women's favorite styles of shoes concerned with heights. types and contact areas of the heels. Hence. we designed three kinds of shoes for an experiment: their contact areas with ground are 1 cm2. 2-4 cm2 and over 9 cm2 according to the heel heights. respectively. To investigate the biomechanical effects. analysis of motion and EMG were applied to the experiments. In addition. foot pressure distribution was measured for more detailed analysis. Six healthy young women were participated in this experiments. The result showed the heel becoming higher and narrower increased not only fluctuation of CBM(Center of Body Mass). but also the load of low back muscle and lower extremities. Accordingly. there was significant difference among types of the heel in terms of the role supporting load of the body. though the height is same. Especially. the difference among the pressures on a foot was most significant. In conclusion. we verified biomechanical effects are related with the contact area of a heel with ground as well as the hight.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

The nucleotide sequence of the Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 xyn10A gene, encoding a xylanase Xyn10A, consists of 3,828 nucleotides encoding a protein of 1,276 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 142,726 Da. Sequence analysis indicated that Xyn10A is a multidomain enzyme comprising nine domains in the following order: three family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases (xylanase), a family 9 CBM, a glycine-rich region, and three surface layer homology (SLH) domains. Xyn10A was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli by a single step of affinity purification on cellulose. It could effectively hydrolyze agricultural wastes and pure insoluble xylans, especially low substituted insoluble xylan. The hydrolysis products were a series of short-chain xylooligosaccharides, indicating that the purified enzyme was an endo-$\beta$-1,4-xylanase. Xyn10A bound to various insoluble polysaccharides including Avicel, $\alpha$-cellulose, insoluble birchwood and oat spelt xylans, chitin, and starches, and the cell wall fragments of P. curdlanolyticus B-6, indicating that both the CBM and the SLH domains are fully functioning in the Xyn10A. Removal of the CBMs from Xyn10A strongly reduced the ability of plant cell wall hydrolysis. These results suggested that the CBMs of Xyn10A play an important role in the hydrolysis of plant cell walls.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1525-1535
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• 2014

The xynC gene, which encodes high molecular weight xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The xynC gene comprised a 4,419bp open reading frame encoding 1,472 amino acid residues, including a 27 amino acid signal sequence. Sequence analysis indicated that XynC is a multidomain enzyme composed of two family 4_9 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a catalytic domain of family 10 glycosyl hydrolases, a family 9 CBM, and three S-layer homologous domains. Recombinant XynC was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, followed by Avicel affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme identified three active truncated xylanase species. Protein sequencing of these truncated proteins showed that all had identical N-terminal sequences. In the protein characterization, recombinant XynC exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.5 and $65^{\circ}C$ and remained stable at neutral to alkaline pH (pH 6.0-10.0). The xylanase activity of recombinant XynC was strongly inhibited by 1 mM $Cu^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$, whereas it was noticeably enhanced by 10 mM dithiothreitol. The enzyme exhibited strong activity towards xylans, including beechwood xylan and arabinoxylan, whereas it showed no cellulase activity. The hydrolyzed product patterns of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides by thin-layer chromatography confirmed XynC as an endoxylanase.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4107-4113
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• 2013

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) plays an important role in tumor cell invasion. Although it has been studied frequently in ovarian cancer, its prognostic impact is still equivocal. The aim of this study was to more precisely estimate its prognostic significance. Method:We searched Pubmed, Embase, OVID, Sciencedirect and CBM databases to identify eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled across studies using fixed-effects or random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analysis. Results: 30 studies (n=2552 patients) focusing on prognosis or expression of MM-9 were included. Increased expression of MMP-9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients (HR=1.68, 95%CI 1.09-2.59, p=0.02). Besides, MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer was significantly higher than non-malignant tumors (OR=11.46, 95%CI 8.47-15.50, P<0.00001). Moreover, increased expression of MMP-9 was significantly associated with FIGO stage (OR=4.85, 95%CI 2.60-9.04, P<0.00001), grade of differentiation (OR=3.34, 95%CI 2.46-4.54, P<0.00001), lymph node metastasis (OR=5.75, 95%CI 3.71-8.92, P<0.00001) and there was no association with histological type of ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Increased expression of MMP-9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Down-regulation of MMP-9 is an attractive therapeutic approach which might improve outcome of ovarian cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.704-708
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• 1999

In addition to catalyzing the synthesis of glucan from sucrose as a primary reaction, glucansucrase also catalyzes the transfer of glucose from sucrose to other carbohydrates that are present or are added to the reaction digest. Using dextransucrase and altemansucrase, prepared from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-742CBM and B-1355C, respectively, we modified the bacterial cellulose in Acetobacter xylinum ATCC10821 culture, and then produced a characteristic cellulose that is soluble and has a new structure. There were also some partially modified insoluble cellulose and oligosaccharides in the modification culture. After methylation and following acid hydrolysis of both the soluble and insoluble glucans, there were ($1{\rightarrow}4$) as well as ($1{\rightarrow}6$) and ($1{\rightarrow}3$) glycosidic linkages in the soluble glucan.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

여러 종류의 mannanase를 생산하는 Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43으로부터 mannanase B를 암호하는 manB 유전자와 효소의 특성이 보고된 바 있다. Mannanase C (ManC)로 명명한 효소의 유전자가 manB 유전자의 하류에 위치한 것으로 예상되어 이를 중합효소 연쇄반응으로 클로닝하여 manC 유전자의 염기서열을 결정하였다. ManC는 448 아미노산 잔기로 구성된 것으로 확인되었으며 glycosyl hydrolase family 5에 속하는 mannanase와 상동성이 높은 활성영역과 탄수화물 결합영역(CBM2)이 존재하였다. ManC의 활성영역은 Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E (55.8%; 4FK9_A) 및 S. thermoluteus (57.6%; BAM62868)의 mannanase와 아미노산 배열의 상동성이 55% 이상으로 가장 높았다. Signal peptide 영역이 제거되고 카르복실 말단에 hexahistidine이 연결되도록 제조한 His-tagged ManC (HtManC)의 유전자를 재조합 대장균에서 발현하여 균체 파쇄액으로부터 HtManC를 정제하였다. HtManC은 $65^{\circ}C$와 pH 7.5에서 최대 활성을 보였으며 pH 7.5~10범위에서 활성에 큰 변화가 없었다. HtManC는 locust bean gum (LBG)과 konjac에 대한 분해 활성이 guar gum과 ivory nut mannan (ivory nut)에 비해 높았다. 최적 반응조건에서 LBG를 기질로 하여 반응 동력학적 계수를 측정한 결과 Vmax와 Km이 68 U/mg과 0.45 mg/ml로 나타났다. HtManC에 의한 만노올리고당(MOS)과 mannan의 분해산물을 TLC로 관찰한 결과 mannobiose 보다 중합도가 큰MOS로부터 mannobiose와 mannotriose가 주된 분해산물로 생성되었다. 또한 LBG, konjac과 ivory nut의 분해산물로 mannobiose와 소량이 mannose가 공통적으로 관찰되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4417-4421
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• 2012

Objective: The results from studies on associations of the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Chinese populations are still conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship in detail. Methods: Eligible reports were recruited into this meta-analysis from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database). Results were expressed with odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. Results: Eighteen investigations were identified for the analysis of association between polymorphic deletion of GSTT1 and HCC, consisting of 2,693 patients with HCC and 4,696 controls. Null genotype of GSTT1 was associated with HCC susceptibility in Chinese (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.28-1.82; P<0.00001). Conclusion: The GSTT1 null genotype is associated with HCC susceptibility in Chinese.