• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to determine the marginal fit of recasting by used nickel-chromium metal alloys, Hi-Crown, New-Crown and CB-80. Ninety crown prosthetics were divided into eighteen groups according to new to old metal ratios. Each crown was seated on its master die and then the marginal gaps were measured under optical microscope($\times$50). All groups were showed good marginal fit, except group 3 of Hi-Crown(156$\mu$m). The results suggest that the marginal fit of Ni-Cr metal alloy casting bodies were good as without concerned to mixed ratios and metals.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1982

One hundred and twenty-one strains each of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of 60 patients who received various antimicrobial drugs in hospital for more than one week and apparently healthy 60 students who have no history of taking antimicrobial drugs during recent one month, were tested for their resistance to 13 antimicrobial drugs. The frequency of resistance strains was highest to tetracycline with 69.2%, and followed by streptomycin(Sm), sulfisomidine(Su), chloramphenicol(Cm), ampicillin(Ap), and carbenicillin(Cb) in the decreasing order, ranging from 61.2% to 39.3%. Strains resistant to kanamycin(Km), cephaloridine(Cr), and trimethoprim(Tp) occupied about one-fourth of strains, and only four strains were resistant either one or more of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and amikacin, and no strain was resistant to rifampicin. The frequency of resistant strains to Cm, Ap, Km, Cr, and Cb was much higher among patient isolates than student strains, but strains resistant to the other drugs showed almost the same frequencies between patient and student isolates. There was a marked difference in average minimum inhibitory concentrations of between resistant and susceptible strains, suggesting that the resistance to drugs is the plasmid origin. Seventy-six percent of strains were resistant to one to 10 drugs tested, and no much difference was observed between strains from patients and students. However, strains resistant to four or more drugs were much more frequently found among patient isolates than student strains, with the increasing tendency of multiply resistant strains among patient isolates following the increase in the number of resistant drugs. The transfer of drug resistance by conjugation was tested and 98 strains(67.5%) among 145 which were resistant to two or more drugs were found to transfer their drug resistance to E. coli. Among 74 strains resistant to 7 or more drugs, all except one transferred the resistance, and the number of strains with transferable resistance decreased, as the number of resistant drugs decrease. A R plasmid from randomly selected p13 strain was tested for the incompatibility group, and the plasmid was classified into Inc F II. R plasmM DNA bands were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.145-157
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• 2017

Purpose: We accessed epidemioloy of 908 acute burns (7 years) in the military, of injuries and propose proper educational programs to suit community. Methods: We surveyed burn demographics, circumstances of injuries, size, result of treatment. Results: The mean age was 20.6 years. The flame burns (FB) (325, 35.8%) were most common, followed scald (SB) (305, 33.6%), contact (CB) (219, 24.1%), electric (EB) (45, 5.0%) and chemical burns (ChB) (14, 1.5%). The more occurred during winter (29.7%). SB had mean 3.9% total body surface area (TBSA). The 251 (82.3%) had superficial burns by spillage of hot water/food on lower limbs (45.6%), feet (33.8%) in summer (34.8%), treated with simple dressing (92.8%). Morbidity rate was 5.6%; post traumatic stress disease (PTSD) (0.7%). FB had large wound (9.3% TBSA). The 209 (64.3%) had superficial burns by ignition to flammable oils (31.7%) and bomb powders (29.2%) on head/neck (60.3%), hands (58.6%) in summer (31.7%), autumn (30.2%). They underwent simple dressing (83.4%) and skin graft (16.0%). Morbidity rate was 18.8%; PTSD (10.5%), inhalation injuries (4.0%), corneal injury (3.7%), amputations (0.9%), and mortality rate (1.2%). CB had small (1.1% TBSA), deep burns (78.5%) by hotpack (80.4%) on lower limbs (80.4%). The more (59.8%) underwent skin graft. EB had 6.8% TBSA. The 29 (64.4%) had superficial burns by touching to high tension cable (71.1%) on hand (71.1%), upper limbs (24.4%) in autumn (46.8%). They underwent simple dressing (71.1%) and skin graft (24.4%). They showed high morbidity rate (40.0%); loss of consciousness (13.3%), nerve injuries (11.1%), neuropathy (8.9%), amputations (2.2%), and mortality rate (2.2%). Conclusions: The cook should wear apron over the boots during work. The lighter or smoking should be strictly prohibited during work with flammable liquids or bomb powders. Don't directly apply hotpack to skin for a long time. Use insulating glove during electric work. Keep to the basic can prevent severe injury and proper education is important.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.467-471
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• 2009

This report describes Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) with Abdominal Wall Defects (AWDs) on the sibling of Yorkshire terriers. The NTDs and AWDs are rare serious congenital defects. The NTDs are neurulation abnormality that results from to failed transformation of the neurual tube by the incomplete closure of the embryonic neural plate. These dysraphic states range form mild to severe according to developmental malformation that include fusion defects of skull (crania bifida; CB) and fusion defects of vertebrae (spina bifida; SB). The AWDs are genetic defects that results from to failed formation of abdominal wall and cavity. These dysraphic states are omphalocele and gastroschisis. The 12-month dam was delivered by caesarian section and 4 littermate had obvious malformations. One male dead stillbirth fetus (L1) was revealed the extruded abdominal viscera, omphalocele. One female fetus (L2) was died within 1 hour after birth with defects of abdominal muscle upper umbilicus, gastroschisis. 3rd fetus (L3) was died within 36 hours after parturition and revealed a copious dermal and vertebral defects on the midline thorax, upper SB asperta. 4th fetus (L4) is still growing well now at 6 months but at the 2 week age, appears hairy nevus on the frontal cranium and dorsal thoracic portion. The radiograph of L1 and L2 are shown decrease bony density of calvarium and L3 was shown defect of spinose processes of the T9-T13. On our knowledge, this is first report of the SB and CB in Yorkshire terrier. And also sibling of NTDs with AWDs that has not previously been reported in the dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.487-492
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• 1993

정상인 말초혈액임파구 및 C57BL/6마우스 비장임파구에 $^{60}Co{\gamma}-rays$를 in vitro상태에서 조사한 후 500개 또는 1000개의 cytokinesis-blocked(CB) lymphocytes의 미세핵(micronuclei)의 발생빈도를 측정하였다. 방사선조사량에 따라 미세핵의 발생빈도는 증가하였으며 linear-quadratic model로 측정한 결과 선량반응곡선의 식은 인체의 경우 $Y=(0.31{\pm}0.049)D+(0.0022{\pm}0.0002)D^2+13.19$($r^2=1.000$)이었으며, 마우스의 경우 $Y=(1.31{\pm}0.264)D+(0.0015{\pm}0.0006)+8.7$($r^2=0.988$)이었다(Y는 1000개의 CB cell 당 미세핵발생빈도, D는 cGy로 표시되는 조사선량). 인체 말초혈액임파구에 대한 마우스 비장임파구의 상대적 생물학적 효과(relative biological effectiveness)는 미세핵의 발생율이 세포당 0.05~0.8의 범위에서 $1.84{\pm}0.48$이었다. 미세핵분석법은 인체 및 동물의 방사선 피폭시 간편하고 빠른 생물학적 선량측정법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

The elution patterns of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs were studied by both manual open columns and automatic parallel LC columns in cleanup procedure. PCDDs/Fs and non-ortho-PCBs from other mono-ortho-PCBs were separated on automatic LC column, whereas they were not separated on an open manual column. The elution study on two cleanup methods was carried out using the PAR solution of unlabeled congeners and checked the recovery of each congener. Total recoveries of cleanup fractionation were ranged between 61.9 ~ 96.0% for PCDDs/Fs and 70.4 ~ 79.0% for PCBs by manual open columns and 71.8 ~ 104.5% for PCDDs/Fs and 61.3-120.3% for PCBs by automatic parallel LC columns, respectively. Unfortunately, #169-HxCB and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were not separated on DB-5MS capillary column. The ions of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were selected at M/M+2 instead of M+2/M+4 suggested by EPA method 1613. It is possible to discriminate 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and PCB #169 in HRGC/HRMS analysis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1143-1144
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 motion-blur를 감소시키는 overdriving 기술의 오류를 감소시키기 위해 hybrid image coding 방법을 제안한다. hybrid image coding방법은 luminance data Y을 압축하기 위한 새로운 Adaptive Quantization Coding (AQC)을 제안하고 chrominance data CbCr을 Block Truncation Coding (BTC)방법으로 압축하는 것이다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 기존의 PSNR과 SD의 비교를 통하여 HIC의 우수함을 확인하여 알고리즘의 효율성을 검증하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 verilog HDL를 통해 구조를 구현하고 synopsys design compiler를 통하여 합성 $0.13{\mu}m$ Samsung Library구조의 효율성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 1995

This paper presents the numerical analysis results of the viscous flow for a full ship model. The mass and momentum conservation equations are used for governing equations, and the flow field is discretized by the Finite-Volume Method for the numerical calculation. An algebraic grid and elliptic grid generation techniques are adopted for generation of the body-fitted coordinates system, which is suitable to ship's hull forms. Time-marching procedure is used to solve the three-dimensional unsteady problem, where the convection terms are approximated by the QUICK scheme and the 2nd-order central differencing scheme is used for other spatial derivatives. A Sub-Grid Scale turbulence model is used to approximate the turbulence, and the wall function is used at the body surface. Pressure and velocity fields are calculated by the simultaneous iteration method. Numerical calculations were accomplished for the Crude Oil Tanker(DWT 95,000tons, Cb=0.805) model. Calculation results are compared to the experimental results and show good agreements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

When a fault occurs in a power system, the existing analytic models for the power system fault diagnosis could generate multiple solutions under the condition of one or more protective relays (PRs) and/or circuit breakers (CBs) malfunctioning, and/or an alarm or alarms of these PRs and/or CBs failing. Therefore, this paper presents an improved analytic model addressing the above problem. It takes into account the interaction between the uncertainty involved with PR operation and CB tripping and the uncertainty of the alarm reception, which makes the analytic model more reasonable. In addition, the existing analytic models apply the penalty function method to deal with constraints, which is influenced by the artificial setting of the penalty factor. In order to avoid the penalty factor's effects, this paper transforms constraints into an objective function, and then puts forward an improved immune clonal multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the optimal solution. Finally, the cases of the power system fault diagnosis are served for demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.305-317
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• 2008

As a mobile computing environment is rapidly changing, increasing user demand for multimedia-over-wireless capabilities on embedded processors places constraints on performance, power, and sire. In this regard, this paper proposes color media instructions (CMI) for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) parallel processors to meet the computational requirements and cost goals. While existing multimedia extensions store and process 48-bit pixels in a 32-bit register, CMI, which considers that color components are perceptually less significant, supports parallel operations on two-packed compressed 16-bit YCbCr (6 bit Y and 5 bits Cb, Cr) data in a 32-bit datapath processor. This provides greater concurrency and efficiency for YCbCr data processing. Moreover, the ability to reduce data format size reduces system cost. The reduction in data bandwidth also simplifies system design. Experimental results on a representative SIMD parallel processor architecture show that CMI achieves an average speedup of 6.3x over the baseline SIMD parallel processor performance. This is in contrast to MMX (a representative Intel's multimedia extensions), which achieves an average speedup of only 3.7x over the same baseline SIMD architecture. CMI also outperforms MMX in both area efficiency (a 52% increase versus a 13% increase) and energy efficiency (a 50% increase versus an 11% increase). CMI improves the performance and efficiency with a mere 3% increase in the system area and a 5% increase in the system power, while MMX requires a 14% increase in the system area and a 16% increase in the system power.