• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2006

The full-length cDNA of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was obtained from liver. The grass carp UCP2 cDNA was determined to be 1152 bp in length with an open reading frame that encodes 310 amino acids. Five introns (Intron 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) in the translated region, and partial sequence of Intron 2 in the untranslated region of grass carp UCP2 gene were also obtained. Gene structure comparison between grass carp and mammalian (human and mouse) UCP2 gene shows that, the UCP2 gene structure of grass carp is much similar to that of human and mouse. Partial UCP2 cDNA sequences of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), were further determined. Together with the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) UCP2 sequence from GenBank (AJ243486), multiple alignment result shows that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the UCP2 gene, were highly conserved among the five major Chinese carps that belong to four subfamilies. Using beta-actin as control, the ratio UCP2/beta-actin mRNA (%) was determined to be $149.4{\pm}15.6$ (common carp), $127.4{\pm}22.1$ (mud carp), $96.7{\pm}12.7$ (silver carp), $94.1{\pm}26.8$ (bighead carp) and $63.7{\pm}16.2$ (grass carp). The relative liver UCP2 expression of the five major Chinese carps, shows a close relationship with their food habit: benthos and detrituseating fish (common carp and mud carp) > planktivorious fish (silver carp and bighead carp) > herbivorious fish (grass carp). We suggest that liver UCP2 might be important for Chinese carps to detoxify cyanotoxins and bacteria in debris and plankton food.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2001

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its aquaculture breed Israeli carp samples were obtained from two separate aquaculture facilities under the similar raising conditions during two years in the Kunsan National University, Korea. Genomic DNA was isolated from the common carp and Israeli carp for identification of genetic characteristics and genomic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA using arbitrary primers. The arbitrary primer No.21 (ACTTCGCCAC) yielded the highest number of fragments with the average of 15.0 among the primers used in Israeli carp. A tota1 of 294 polymorphic products in common carp and 336 in Israeli carp were observed by random primers. The average number of polymorphic products generated by random RAPD primer No. 2 (GTAGAC-CCGT) showed 8.0 in Israeli carp. On average, each random RAPD primer produced 5.4 amplified polymorphic products in common carp and 6.2 in Israeli carp. An average genetic similarity (BS value) was 0.44$\pm$0.05 within the common carp and 0.32$\pm$0.04 within the Israeli carp. The degree of similarity frequency (BS) between two carps was 0.67 as generated by the primer No. 19 (GACGGATCAG). The average level of bandsharing was 0.57$\pm$0.03 between the two carps. Accordingly, the two carp populations were genetically a little distant. The electrophoretic analysis of PCR-RAPD products showed middle levels of variation between the two carp populations. This result implies that the genetic diversity among intra-population may be higher when compared with that between the two carps. The RAPD polymorphism generated by these random primers might be used as a genetic marker for populations or lines identification in important aquacultural carp.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2008

The growth performance of pangasiid catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and catla (Catla catla) was evaluated in polyculture at varied combinations and stocking ratios in earthen pond for a period of 16 weeks. Combinations of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla with the total density of 30,000 fish per hectare were evaluated. A commercial pelleted feed containing 28% crude protein and 6% lipid was fed only to pangasiid catfish at the rate of 8% of body weight during the first six weeks, 6% during the second six weeks and 4% thereafter twice daily. The growth and feed utilization efficiency of pangasiid catfish were found similar in all treatments. The growth of silver carp was markedly decreased upon the increase of its own stocking density. The highest growth of silver carp achieved in polyculture of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla at 2:1:1 ratio where density of silver carp was lowest. The growth of catla was found to be affected by the presence of silver carp. The growth rate of catla markedly declined with the increase of silver carp density. The highest growth of catla obtained in polyculture of pangasiid catfish only with catla stocked at 1:1 ratio. The highest yield and economic return achieved in polyculture of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla at the ratio of 2:1:1 due to higher growth of silver carp and higher market value of catla. The water quality conditions in all different treatment ponds were within optimum ranges throughout the culture period and the values did not show any significant variation (p>0.05) among the treatments.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

In this study, carp edemavirus disease and herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis were examined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) imported from China. From August 2016 to May 2017, 100 carp and 300 crucian carp were examined. There were no clinical symptoms in all the tested fish, and no internal or external parasitic infections were identified except for the detection of Argulus sp. in one leather carp. Carp edema virus disease was examined by PCR in C. carpio, but all were negative. In C. auratus, herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis was tested by PCR and 4 out of 300 were positive. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data for conducting risk analysis on the relevant organisms and counterpart countries or for designating new pathogens for quarantine.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2008

The cDNAs encoding glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were cloned and sequenced from the liver of three Chinese carps with different tolerance to hepatotoxic microcystins, phyto-planktivorous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), and herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Using genome walker method, a 750 bp 5'-flanking region of the silver carp GPx gene was obtained, and several potential regulatory elements were identified in the promoter region of the GPx gene. The silver carp GPx gene was widely expressed in all tissues examined. Despite phylogenetic analysis, assigning this newly described carp GPx to the group of mammalian GPx2, the carp GPx seems more similar to GPx1 from a physiological point of view. The constitutive expression pattern of the three carp liver GPx gene, shows a positive relationship with their tolerance to microcystins.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

Cytogenetic analyses were carried out with induced hybrid between common carp (Cyprinus carpio) female and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) male. The erythrocytic measurement revealed that cellular and nuclear size of induced hybrids were intermediate between those of paremtal species. The modal chromosome numbers of common carp, crucian carp and its hybid were same as 2n=100. The DNA content of induced hybrids determined based on flow cytometry was 3.7pg/cell which corresponding to intermediate value between the carp (3.6ph/cell) and crucian carp (3.8pg/cell)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.447-454
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• 1985

As a part of serial study for comparing lipid components in freshwater fishes, this work was undertaken to compare the lipid components among wild and cultured carp, Cyprinus carpio, and Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus. The lipid components of cultured carp were analyzed and compared with those of wild and Israeli carp. In the content of total lipid, the lipid content in cultured carp was slightly lower than that in wild one, but similar to that in Israeli carp. The lipid contents in viscera of wild and cultured carp were 2 times higher than those in edible portion, but the lipid content in viscera of Israeli carp showed a similar trend to that in edible portion. In the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ in cultured carp wire higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{20:4}\;and\;C_{20:5}$ lower, and percentage of $C_{18:2}$ in Israeli carp was noticeably higher than that in wild and cultured carp. In the case of phospholipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;and\;_C{22:6}$ in cultured carp were higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{22:5}$ lower. The unsaturation (TUFA/TSFA) of neutral lipid in cultured carp was slightly higher than that in wild one, but slightly lower than that in Israeli carp. In the case of phospholipid, the unsaturation showed a similar trend to that of neutral lipid. The essential fatty acid content(TEFA) of neutral lipid in edible portion of cultured carp was higher than that of wild one, but that in viscera lower. In the case of phospholipid in edible portion, the essential fatty acid content in Israeli carp was slightly higher than that in wild and cultured carp, and that in wild one was higher than that in cultured one. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid contents(w3 HUFA) of neutral lipid almost showed a similar trend to the essential fatty acid contents in wild and cultured carp, and Israeli carp. In the case of phospholipid, the w3 HUFA in Israeli carp was considerably higher than those in cultured and wild carp. In the ratio (A/C) of fatty acid content(A) in cultured carp to that(C) in diet, the A/C ratios of $C_{20:5}\;w3(0.12),\;C_{22:5}\;w6(0.53),\;C_{22:5}\;w3(0.68)\;and\;C_{22:6}\;w3(0.26)$ were much lower and in the ratio (B/C) of fatty acid content (B) in Israeli carp, the B/C ratios of $C_{18:3}\;w3(0.61),\;C_{20:5}\;w3(0.11),\;C_{22:4}\;w6(0.16),\;C_{22:5}\;w6(0.07)\;and\;C_{22:6}\;w3(0.79)$ were also lower than the other fatty acid. Consequently, it is considered that the ratios of w3 HUFA is related to the biosynthesis of polyenoic acid and growth rates of cultured and Israeli carp.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1988

There occurred a large quantity of death of the cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio) in net pens in Lake Taechong and Lake Chungju(Chungcheongbuk-do) from July through Sep., 1987. The carp were two-year-old and 500g to 2,500g in body weight. As a result of biopsy of dying carp, 1 through 10 egg-shaped giant cysts with 12 through 60mm in diameter were observed in their intestine per one carp. The author suggested that the carp were died from blockade of intestinal tract and following enteritis by the giant cysts. The giant cysts were filled with numerous mature Thelohanellus genus spores confirmed to Thelohanellus kitauei after following examination. In this case the author could find out this disease was spread by transverse infection following infestation in net pens of fingerling fish farms.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.210-221
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• 2020

Since the introduction of Israeli carp into Korea for farming in 1973, there are no breeding studies on developing Korea Israeli carp (domestic) so far. This study performed gene-based cross-breeding studies to restore genetic diversity of lowered Israeli carp through continuous inbreeding, and for rapid growth and better scales. This study produced four cross-breeding groups (F1) using Koean Israeli carp and Chinese Songpu mirror carp for the improvement of growth and scale of Israeli carp in Korea. And mating scheme for breeding groups was set in consideration of the morphological analysis and genetic distance of broodstock. In addition, this study used microsatellite markers and genotype data to analyze genetic diversity and parentage analysis. As a result, the average N_A and H_E values of Korean select broodstock are 8.3 and 0.743, and F1 is 13.0 and 0.764. This study shows that the genetic diversity of F1 has been recovered over Korean Israeli carp through breeding between Korean Israeli carp and Chinese Songpu mirror carp. Common Israeli carp in Korea reached 1.7 kg in 17 months, and improved Israeli carp reached to 2.2 kg. The KC (Korea×China, KC) group was 2.52 and broodstock group was 3.15. F1 showed lower scale score (0.63) than broodstock. The improved carp (F1; CK, KC) had 20% better scales than the parent group (F0), which improved 27% in weight and 25% in scales compared to common Israeli carp. The Israeli carp developed by the genetics-based breeding grew quicker and had improved genetic diversity and fewer scales, which will be of great value for Korean Israeli aquaculture industry due to good marketability.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 1997

Intraspecific sequence variation was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of a 350-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of two natural populations (Han River and Nakdong River) and one hatchery stock (Jinhae Inland Fisheries Institute) of local strain common carp, one Israeli strain of common carp stock from Pukyong National University (PKU), and one hybrid between Israeli strain of common carp female and local strain common carp male from PKU stock. There is little variation in 350 bases of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences among 2 natural and 1 hatchery local strain common carp populatins, representing abut 7 to 20 nucleotide differences (less than 6%). The sequence of specimens from Han River was more similar to that from Nakdong River (identity=98.0%) than to that from Jinhae Inland Fisheries Institute (identity=96.3%). Sequence variation between Israeli strain and wild local strain common carp was higher than the variation within natural stocks. The level of variation was ranged from 15.7 to 17.7%. The hybrid showed very similar nucleotide4 sequence of 12S rRNA gene to the sequence of Israeli strain with the identity of 98.9%.