• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

최근 다양한 전자카드가 보급되고 있으며 신용 카드, 교통 카드, 여권, 운전면허증, 공중전화 카드 등에서 다양하게 사용되고 있다. 이처럼 다양한 전자카드의 보급량과 사용량이 증가함에 응용 기술에 대한 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하고자 하는 LED 스마트카드는 사용 시 카드 내부에 포함되어 있는 압전 방식의 플렉시블 초박형 스피커에서 카드별 멜로디를 통해 사용자에게 LED 스마트카드 사용에 대한 알림을 전달하는 구성이다. 이와 같이 LED 스마트카드에 압전 방식의 초박형 플렉시블 스피커를 추가하는 시스템에 대한 설계와 회로구현을 통해 LED 스마트카드를 개발하고 유용성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2018

PCI Express (PCIe) bus, which was only used as an internal I/O bus of a computer system, has expanded its function to outside of a system, with progress of PCIe switching processor. In particular, advanced features of PCIe switching processor enable PCIe bus to serve as an interconnection network as well as connecting external devices. As PCIe switching processors more advanced, it is required to consider the different adapter card architecture. This study developed multipurpose adapter cards by applying an on-board optical module, a latest optical communications element, in order to improve transfer distance and utilization. The performance evaluation confirmed that the new adapter cards with long cable can provide the same bandwidth as that of the existing adapter cards with short copper cable.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

현재의 스마트카드는, 경제적인 이유 때문에 보안 문제가 발생할 수 있음에도 불구하고, 카드를 재사용할 수 있는 초기화 명령어와 패치 코드를 추가할 수 있는 패치 명령어가 들어있는 경우가 많다. 이러한 트랩도어 명령어들은 세련된 기법으로 만들어지고 일반에게 공개되지 않기 때문에 기존의 테스트 소프트웨어로 검출하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 지금까지 알려진 가장 효율적인 방법은 ITSEC에서와 같이 개발과정을 통제하고 소스 코드를 분석하는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 방법은 오랜 시간을 요구하고 비용이 많이 든다. 이에 본 논문에서는 시차 분석과 전력 분석을 이용하여 스마트카드의 트랩도어를 검출할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 실험에 의해 제안한 방법이 효율적이며 실질적인 접근 방법임을 보여준다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2009

Local malaria transmission in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) came to an end in 1997. Nevertheless, UAE has been subjected to substantial importation of malaria cases from abroad, concerning both UAE nationals and immigrants from malarious countries with a total number of 2,119 cases in 2007. To evaluate a new DNA extraction technique using nested PCR, blood samples were collected from 132 individuals who presented to Infectious Diseases Department in Rashid Hospital, Dubai, and Central Department of Malaria Control with fever and persistent headache. Giemsa-stained blood films and ELISA test for malaria antibodies were carried out for detection of Plasmodium infection. Plasmodium infections were identified with the genus-specific primer set and species differentiation using nested PCR. A rapid procedure for diagnosis of malaria infections directly from dried blood spots using for the first time DNA extract from FTA Elute cards was evaluated in contrast to extraction techniques using FTA classic cards and rapid boiling technique. Our new simple technique for DNA extraction using FTA Elute cards was very sensitive giving a sensitivity of 100% compared to 94% using FTA classic cards and 62% in the rapid boiling technique. No complex preparation of blood samples was required prior to the amplification. The production cost of DNA isolation in our PCR assay was much less incomparable to that of other DNA extraction protocols. The nested PCR detected plasmodial infection and could differentiate P. falciparum from P. vivax, and also detected the mixed infection.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.103-121
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• 2013

Since American Airlines's mileage program emerged in market, loyalty programs have gained popularity. Many companies have generated many kinds of reward cards in order to induce precious consumers. As a result, reward cards are very important in consumer goods market and become diversified. In spite of its importance, little is known about how these cards influence consumer's perception. The prior research has not focused on reward card types and psychological variables. Accordingly this research intends to investigate psychological variables such as transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. According to the theory of regulatory focus, promotion focus consumers would point to gain-nongain frame work, but prevention focus consumers would point to loss-nonloss frame work. The paper proved the effect of reward card types and regulatory focus on transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. Based on the results from 2(type of card : visible vs invisible) ${\times}$ 2(regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention) between-subjects factorial design experiments, we found that consumer's transaction coupling and sunk cost perception of visible reward card are better recognized than invisible reward card. In addition, the results show that there is a significant interaction effect between the type of reward card and regulatory focus. Specifically promotion focused consumers tend to reveal better perception than prevention focused consumers in use of invisible cards. However, prevention focused consumers tend to show better perception than promotion focused consumers in use of visible cards. These findings will contribute to significant academic development and practically useful help to marketing managers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2008

개인들의 생활양식이 변화함에 따라 소비성향도 크게 변화하고 있다. 개인이 지니고 있는 독특한 생활양식은 소비생활에 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 최근 들어 개인의 소비 패턴은 신용 카드 사용에 따른 많은 변화를 보이고 있다. 특히 개인의 생활양식 또는 카드 브랜드의 지각과 품질에 대한 지각 차이가 카드 선택의 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 따라서 신용 카드 회사에서는 카드 사용자들의 특성을 분석하고자 많은 연구를 시도하고 있다. 그렇지만 개인의 생활양식과 카드에 대한 브랜드, 품질 지각 및 카프 선택의 관계 구조를 명확하게 연구한 사례는 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 각 요인간의 관계구조를 분석하여 차별화된 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 기초를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2008

In 2005, A. Saxena, B. Soh and S. Priymak [10] proposed a two-flow blind identification protocol. But it has a weakness of the active-intruder attack and uses the pairing operation that causes slow implementation in smart cards. In 2008, Y. W. Lee [9] made a method of the active-intruder attack on their identification scheme and proposed a new zero-knowledge blind identification protocol for smart cards. In this paper, we give more simple and fast protocols than above protocols such that the prover using computationally limited devices such as smart cards has no need of computing the bilinear pairings. Computing the bilinear pairings is needed only for the verifier and is secure assuming the hardness of the Discrete-Logarithm Problem (DLP).

• 충청수학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a new blind group identification protocol and a hidden group signature protocol as its application. These protocols involve many provers and one verifier such that (1) the statement of all the provers are proved simultaneously, (2) and also all the provers using computationally limited devices (e.g. smart cards) have no need of computing the bilinear pairings, (3) but only the verifier uses the bilinear pairings. A. Saxena et al. proposed a two-round blind (group) identification protocol in 2005 using the bilinear pairings. But it reveals weakness in the active-intruder attack, and all the provers as well as the verifier must have devices computing bilinear pairings. Comparing their results, our protocol is secure from the active-intruder attack and has more fit for smart cards. In particular, it is secure under only the assumption of the hardness of the Discrete-Logarithm Problem in bilinear groups.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.51-54
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• 2001

Recently Hwang and Li［1］ proposed a remote user authentication scheme using smart cards. Their scheme is based on the ElGamal public key cryptosystem and does not need to maintain a password table for verifying the legitimacy of the login users. In this paper, we proposed an advanced user authentication scheme using smart cards. Unlike Hwang and Li's scheme, smart card contains a pair of public parameters(h, P) where h is a hash function which is used in login phase. In result, we reduce one exponential computation frequency in login phase and two exponential computation frequencies in authentication phase with comparing the Hwang and Li's scheme. The proposed scheme not only provides the advantages as security of Hwang and Li's scheme, but also reduces computation cost.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2010

48장의 화투패가 섞어지는 과정을 수학적으로 기술하고 그것이 완전히 섞여지기 위해서 몇 번을 반복해 쳐야 하는가에 대한 답을 제시한다. 또한 그보다 작은 횟수로 치는 경우 예상되는 불완전한 임의성의 형태를 밝힌다.