• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2014

Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. The slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ ($I_{Ks}$) channel is a cardiac $K^+$ channel composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits. The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating $I_{Ks}$ channels. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated activation of human $I_{Ks}$ channel activity by expressing human $I_{Ks}$ channels in Xenopus oocytes. We found that gintonin enhances $I_{Ks}$ channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The $EC_{50}$ for the $I_{Ks}$ channel was $0.05{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/ml$. Gintonin-mediated activation 1 of the $I_{Ks}$ channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an $IP_3$ receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. Gintonin-mediated activation of both the $I_{Ks}$ channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. Mutations in the KCNQ1 $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on $I_{Ks}$ channel. However, gintonin had no effect on hERG $K^+$ channel activity. These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of $I_{Ks}$ channel currents is achieved through binding of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2015

In this work electrochemical oxidation of Ascorbic acid (AA) on the surface of Cobalt nano particle modified carbon paste electrode (CoNPsMCPE) was studied in alkaline media. CoNPs were green synthesized using Piper longum and a mixture of 5% (w/w) of it were made with carbon paste. CoNPs showed good electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to study the electrochemical performance of CoNPsMCPE. The number of monolayers on the surface of electrode was calculated as 1.08×10⁹ mol cm⁻² that is equal to that of metal Cobalt electrode. Diffusion coefficient of AA was determined using CA analysis which was equal to 1.5×10⁻⁶cm² s⁻¹.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1994

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient intake of college students. This survey was carried out through questionnaires, and the subjects were 498 male and 151 female students at Inha University. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Average height of male and female students were 173.0cm, 160.5cm and the average weight of those were 64.5kg, 49.7kg respectively. 2) Most nutrients were intaken properly but some were under % of RDA. For the male students, the average intake of calorie(91.5%) vitamin A(55.9%) vitamin B1(96.8%) vitamin B2(88.0%) and Ca(96.5%) were lower than RDA. For the female students the average intake of calorie(94.1%) vitamin A(64.6%) Ca(90.3%) and Fe(71.0%) were lower than RDA. 3) The ratio of percent calorie of carbohydrate : protein :fat from total calories in male was 60:16:24 and that of female was 60:17:23 The percent calorie of carbohydrate from total calorie was decreased and taht of fat from total calories was increased compared to the results of previous study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 자혈양근탕 (滋血養筋湯, JH) 및 양혈장 근건보환 (養血壯筋健步丸, YH) 처방제가 장내 칼슘흡수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 인체 소장상피세포주 모델인 Caco-2 세포를 이용하여 칼슘 uptake와 net transport를 각기 평가하였으며. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, Caco-2 세포를 분주 후 4, 8, 16. 그리고 24일간 배양하면서 칼슘 uptake 활성을 측정 한 결과 분화가 진행될수록 uptake 활성이 증가하였다. 둘째. Caco-2 세포에 한약처방제를 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도로 일정시간 동안 전처리하여 칼슘 uptake 활성을 측정한 결과, YH 처방제는 24시간 전처리 시 (29.9% 증가), 그리고 JH처방제는 6시간 전처리 시 (23.9%증가) 한약처방으로 전처리하지 않은 대조세포에 비해 칼슘 uptake가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 셋째. 한약처방의 농도를 달리하면서 6시간 동안 전처리한 후 칼슘 Uptake활성을 측정한 결과, 대조세포에 비해 YH 또는 JH 처방제는 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml (23% 증가) 및 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도 (28.3% 증가)에서 칼슘 uptake 활성을 각기 최대로 증가시켰다. 넷째, YH 또는 JH 처방제가 Caco-2 세포에 의한 칼슘 net transport에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 5, 50, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml농도의 한약처방제로 6시간동안 Caco-2세포에 전처리한 결과, 두가지 한약처방제 모두 칼슘 net transport에 유의적인 변화를 초래하지 않았다. 이상의 in vitro연구결과는 양혈 및 양근작용에 관여하는 자혈양근탕 및 양혈장근건보환 처방제가 소장상피세포를 통한 칼슘 uptake 활성은 증가시킨 한편 칼슘 net transport 활성에 변화를 초래하지 않았고. 결과적으로 장내 칼슘 흡수에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았음을 제시하는 것이다

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1993

부산시 남구 감만동 소재 어린이집 원아 99명을 대상으로 1992년 7월 1일부터 7월 14일까지 실시한 영양 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 신체 계측 결과를 Kaup가 제시한 분류 기준에 따라 구분하면, 6세의 경우는 8.3%가 영양불량으로 나타났고, 3세의 21.9%, 4세의 55.6%, 5세의 42.8%, 6세의 50%가 가벼운 영양부족으로 나타났다. 2) 헤마토크릿치는 38.9%, 혈청 철함량은 53.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1이었으며, 빈혈이 의심되는 어린이가 17%이었다 혈청 총단백 함량은6.7g/100$m\ell$, 혈청 알부민 함량은 3.5g/100$m\ell$이었는데, 이중 단백질 결핍이 의심되는 어린이가 27%정도되었다. 혈청Complement $C_3$는 152.4mg/100$m\ell$로 정상 범위에 속했다. 3) 열량섭취량은 권장량의 68.6~87.5%를 나타내었으며, 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질의 구성비율은 63.1~67 2 : 18.6~21.7 : 13.5~l5.2이었다. 단백질은 94.1~114.1%의 섭취량을 보였으나, 칼슘, 철, 비타민 A, 비타민 B$_1$, 비타민 B$_2$, niacin, 비타민 C 등은 권장량보다 낮은 섭취율을 보였다 4) 점심을 제외하고는 매끼 10%정도의 어린이가 결식하는 것으로 나타났고, 1끼 평균 3.5~5.5가지의 식품을 섭취하고 있었다. 5) 해당 영양소의 결핍이 우려되는 수준인 영양권장량의 75% 미만을 섭취하고 있는 어린이의 비율이, 철분의 경우 68%, 비타민 C 60.2%, 칼슘 58.2%, niacin 58.3%, 비타민 B$_1$37.8%, 비타민 B$_2$37.9%로 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 1994

Proliferating cell nuclear antgen(PCNA) plays an important role in DNA synthesis in nucleoli and is highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein composed of 261 amino acid. and is considered to correlated with the cells proliferative state, because it is synthesized particulary during the proliferative period of late Gland S-phase. Therefore, PCNA index meaningfully increases in the active or proliferative kinetic cells. By the use of recently developed monoclonal antibodies against PCNA, the immunohistochemical staining methods can make possible. These staining methods are the useful and productive one for ascertaining the cell's proliferating abillity. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining method with a antiPCNA antibody has particulrar advantages as follows. By means of these methods, we can stain the tissue that was already fixed in formalin or paraffin wax. We can see with naked eye that which cell is, where is differentiated through a microscope. Lastly, it maintains the whole tissue architecture and makes a search for the correlation. As we have seen above, the immunohistochemical staining methods for PCNA have been studied as an impotant factor that can find the cell proliferative kinetics in malignancy and biologic behavior of tumors. To investigate of the proliferative activity in thyroid nodule, Authors evaluated cell proliferative activity by immunostaing for PNCA in 45 pathologically confirmed solitary thyroid nodule. The results were as follows. 1) The benign nodules were 25 cases(Adenomatous Goiter: 20 cases, Follicular adenoma: 5 cases) and malignant nodules were 20 cases(Papillary Ca : 14 cases, Follicular Ca : 4 cases, Anaplastic Ca : 2 cases). 2) The Most prevalent age groups were 4th decade(11 cases), and the next group was 5th decade. 3) The average PCNA labelling indices were as follows. Adenomatous goiter(I6.9%), Follicular adenoma(37.6%), papillary Ca(26.3%), Follicular Ca(8.8%) and Anaplastic Ca(86.7%). There were no significant differences in benign(20.4) and malignant nodules (28.8%) except anaplastic Ca(p=0.3226). 4) When the average tumor size 2cm in papillary Ca, the PCNA indices were 26.0% (below 2cm) : 26.6% (above 2cm) (p=0.9642). The PCNA incidies were 23.9% (with lymphatic spread) : 28.7% (without lymphatic spread) (p=0.7056). There were no signlficant differences in the above cases. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in cell proliferative activity by staining for PCNA between benign and malignat nodules except anaplastic Ca.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2004

Nutritional factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in the different age groups of Korean men were investigated to obtain baseline data for maintaining bone health. Information on diet and anthropometry was collected in 80 elementary school children, 83 high school students, 87 adults aged 25 to 35 years and 98 elderly people over 60 years of age. Data for food and nutrient intake were obtained by 24-hour recall method. BMDs of lumbar spine (L$_2$- L$_4$) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between BMD and nutritional factors were analyzed. In the femoral neck, 5.7% of adults was classified as osteopenia and 47.9% and 37.8% of the elderly were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis. It was shown that plant protein, Ca, p, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes were related with BMD in all age groups. As for the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of nutrients, the lowest quartile group of BMD showed significantly lower MAR among children. The RDA percent of nutrients was a strong influential factor on BMD. Subjects who consumed below 75% of Korean RDA in energy, vitamin A, thiamin, and vitamin C showed lower BMD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that MAR in children, vegetable Ca in adolescents, and vitamin C in adults and elderly people were the highest influential factor on BMD. Therefore, the above results demonstrated that not only calcium but also other nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C were necessary in order to keep the healthy bone status. In addition, although there were various dietary factors that influenced bone density, MAR was identified as the major factor that affected bone density. Thus, a balanced diet that includes all nutrients is necessary for a healthy bone density. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2) : 132-142, 2004)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to obtain normative data for 45 mother-daughter pairs on spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body BMD (bone mineral density) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurement, body composition, biochemical markers, nutrient intakes and energy expenditure, to determin the interrelations of these factors within each group, to measure familial resemblance for each variable. We observed significantly positive correlations between height, weight, head, hip and calf circumferences, tricep, femur and calf skinfold thickness, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), protein and fat intakes, Ca index, serum total protein and albumin of monter-daughter pairs(p<.05-p<.001). Among mothers, age, osteocalcin, higher, weight, Ca and energy intakes were predictors of BMDs. Among daughters, weight and energy intake were predictors of BMDs. The BMD in lumbar spine(r=.48, p<.01), femoral neck(r=.38, p<.05), ward's triangle(r=.36, p<.05) of the mothers were significantly correlated with those of the daughters, after adjustment for mother's age, hight, weight, osteocalcin, Ca and energy intakes and daughter's weight, energy intake. In regression analyses, mother's BMD also were positively associated with daughter's BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle. Our findings support that mothers with low BMD tended to have daughters with low BMD. In the age groups studied, as well genetic factors as environmental factors may have an important role in determining BMD. This study suggests that women may successfully enhance their genetically determined BMD through adequate nutrient intakes and weight bearing exercise.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2016

세 수준(6.3, 9.5, 12.6 수/$m^2$)의 사육밀도와 사료 단백질 수준(19%, 18%)이 저속성장 육계(한협 3호)의 육성성적, 영양소 이용률, 닭고기 저장성, 육색, 계육 성분 및 뼈의 광물질 조성과 혈청 corticosterone 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사육 밀도는 한협 3호 육성성적에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 증체량은 저 밀도인 6.3 수/$m^2$ 구에서 가장 높았으며, 고밀도(12.6 수/$m^2$) 구에서 가장 낮았다. 특히 고사육 밀도에서는 사료섭취량이 유의적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 낮은 사료섭취량으로 인하여 고사육 밀도 계군의 사료요구율이 타 사육 밀도 계군의 사료요구율에 비하여 상대적으로 낮았다. 고밀도 계군에서의 사료 섭취량 저하와 낮은 사료요구율은 41~60일 구간보다는 61~75일 구간에 현저하게 나타났는데, 그 영향으로 전 사육기간의 사료섭취량과 사료요구율도 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사료 단백질 1% 차이는 증체량과 사료요구율에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 다만 41~75일 구간 사료섭취량은 단백질 19% 구에 비하여 오히려 18% 구에서 낮았다. 저장 중 계육의 TBARS 값은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 하지만 계육의 적색도와 명도는 사료 단백질 수준에 따라, 황색도는 사육 밀도에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 가슴육의 단백질 함량과 다리육의 Ca과 P의 함량은 각각 사료 단백질 수준과 사육밀도에 영향을 받았다. 사료의 단백질 수준과 사육밀도는 뼈의 회분함량 및 회분 중 Ca과 P의 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈청 corticosterone 함량은 사육밀도가 낮을수록 낮게 나타났으나, 사료 단백질 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 본 연구 결과, 저속성장 육계 한협 3호 사육후기 단계에 고사육 밀도(12.6 수/$m^2$)로 사육하는 것은 생산성을 하락시킬 뿐 아니라, 혈청 corticosterone 함량도 높이므로 바람직하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한협 3호 육계의 후기 사료 단백질을 18% 수준으로 설계하더라도 생산성에 차이가 없음을 알게 되었다.