• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2007

This study was done to investigate the health-related habits, dietary intakes and serum lipid levels in overweight and obese women by body mass index(BMI). Subjects were 137 pre-menopausal women aged 19 to 49 years. They were divided by 3 groups, overweight($23{\leqq}BMI<25$), obese($25{\leqq}BMI<30$) and morbidly obese($BMI{\geq}30$) according to their BMI. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) method. Dietary intakes were examined by 3-day record method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professionals(CAN-pro 3.1). Serum lipid levels were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer(Selectra E). The average age, height weight and BMI of subjects were 31.7 years old, 159.3cm, 69.4kg, and $27.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy were 1712kca1 and 86.4% of estimated energy requirement(EER). Their mom ratio of carbohydrate:protein:fat was 55.2:14.6:30.2. Particularly, the fat consumption of subjects tended to be elevated with increasing BMI. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes among 3 groups. But the mom intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin C and Na of all the subjects were 70.1%, 81.2%, 75.7% of recommended intake(RI) and 258.9% of adequate intake(AI), respectively, The intakes of vegetables and seaweeds were significantly higher in morbidly obese group while the intake of fruits was higher in overweight group compared to the other groups. Serum lipid analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol among the groups. But the serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the other groups. In addition, The systolic blood pressure of morbidly obese group was significantly higher compared to the other groups. Overall data suggest that morbidly obese women have to more concern about reducing systolic blood pressure and nm lipid levels by decreasing their fat consumption and salt intakes as well as loosing body fat. In addition, all the subjects participated in this study have to be careful about their meals and health-related behaviors in order to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.207-218
• /
• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1+ and 1++) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 1992

Takju, a Korean traditional wine, was prepared by using nuruk and Koji which were inoculated with Aspergillus kawachii and Aspergillus shirousamii. Those chemical composition such as alcohols and organic acids were determined with gas chromatography to investigate the variation of its content by the fermentation. Alcohol such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-butyl, i-amyl alcohol were detected in the most takju mash samples. Alcohol contents in the groups fermented with KNR and SNR were slightly higher than KKR, SKR groups. Lactic acid were concentrated and organic acids such as pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, malic, ${\alpha}-keto$ glutaric acid were also detected in the most samples. The pH was lowest in the KKR group. The total acid content was slightly decreased at the later fermentation and was highest in KKR. The content of minerals were highest in the WNR and BNR groups. Throughout fermentation the content of potassium and magnesium varied greatly with the tested groups.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.275-279
• /
• 2014

Pleurotus pulmonarius usually grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees from mid summer to early fall. Cultivation of this mushroom is recently increasing due to its good flavour and fragrance. This study was conducted to find out the favorable substrate formulation in the bottle and bag cultivation of P. pulmonarius. The V formulation (10 : 50 : 20 : 20 mixing ratio of poplar sawdust, cottonseed hull, cottonseed meal and beet pulp) showed the fastest mycelial growth in the test tube column medium and highest yields in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation. Those chemical conditions were pH 5.52, 29.07% organic matter contents, 1.12% total nitrogen, 25.95 OM/N ratio, 0.16% CaO, 0.51% $K_2O$, 0.17 MgO and 0.26 $P_2O_5$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of the dietary nutrients to blood pressure among preschool children in Seoul and to concurrently study the effect of seasonal variance on the aforementioned relationship. The subjects of the study consisted of 203 preschool children aged four to six years. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, pulse rate and blood pressure, urinary excretion of five cations(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg), creatinine and urea nitrogen and dietary questionaires concerning sodium, potassium calcium and phosphorus were taken during the two periods of summer(Aug. 1986)and winter(Feb, 1987). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The daily urinary excretion of five cations, creatinine and urea nitrogen is summer and winter was as follows; The sodium content was 57.8 mEq in the summer and 59.4 mEq in the winter ; potassium 20.4 mEq and 23.0 mEq, respectively ; calcium, 5.5 mEq and 3.6 mEq, respectively ; and phosphorus, 27.4 mEq and 19.9 mEq, respectively. Only calcium and phosphours excretions in the urine showed significant differences per season(p<0.05). 2) The average dietary intake per day of sodium was 2349mg in the summer and 2155mg in the winter ; potassium consumption was 1425mg in the summer and 1448mg in the winter ; intake of calcium was 472mg in the summer and 500mg in the winter ; and phosphours consumption was 642mg in the summer and 634mg in hte winter. The sodium-to-potassium consumption ratio 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, in the summer and in the winter and the calcium-to-phosphorus ration was 0.7 in the summer and 0.8 in the winter. The dietary calcium intake showed significant differences between the seasons. 3) The principal source of sodium consumption among preschool children was from seasoning-including talbe salt, soy sauce and instant sauce-which accounted for higher then 45% of the sodium intake in both seasons. The main source of potassium was frutis and vegetables which accounted for 29.6% of the potassium intake in the summer and 25.7% in the winter. Milk and milk products were the primary dource of calcium(higher then 40% in both seasons) 4) In the summer, urinary phosphours levels were weakly reated to systolic blood pressures. (0.05

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the Natural mineral water quality at 47 sites in Chonnam area, samples were collected spring, summer, fall, winter for a seasonal variation in 1996. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The mean of F, pH, HCO$_3$, NO$_3$ -N were 0.19 mg/l, 6. 9, 34.99 mg/l, 1.40 mg/l and those of Na, K, Ca, Mg were 12.1 mg/l, 1.2 mg/l, 7.7 mg/l, 2.1 mg/l respectively. 2. The contents of F were reasonable at Multonggol as 1.35 mg/l and Yongbayui as 0.57 mg/l respectively, but there is no detected at Sidong and detected below 0.1 mg/l at Gubongsan, Hansansa area. 3. According to the geological effect, the content of F was showed higher in granite than in tuff, and index of pH was higher in tuff than in andesite, and content of HCO$_3$ was higher in andesite than in granite. 4. The K and O values were used as index of healthy and delicious water. As a result, thirtyfive sites(74.5%) was decided as healthy and delicious water. 5. The contents of NO$_3$-N were detected over 5 mg/l at Sukchonsa, Gajanggol, Yudalsan, Muchang, Kisan.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2010

The irrigation interval and time for the supply of nutrient and water to the plant is important in the aeroponic system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation interval on the growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system. Young bare-root plants (four leaves, 16 g in fresh weight) were used for this experiment. The composition of nutrient solution was, in $me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 9 N, 3 P, 4 K, 4 Ca and 2 Mg. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of nutrient solution used was $1.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and 5.8, respectively. Irrigation intervals were 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minute and each irrigation time was 10 minute. The total fresh and dry weight, the number of branched roots, and relative growth rate at the 20 and 30 min. was greater than 10, 40, 50 min. interval. Especially, the fresh weight of roots at 30 min. interval was the highest. Leaf length was the highest at 30 min. interval but there was no difference in leaf width. The amount of water consumed for a month was 0.71 L per plant and it was reduced with increasing irrigation interval. There was no difference in the amount of consumed mineral contents for 15 days except for potassium. Potassium absorbed was the highest at 30 min. irrigation interval. As a result, the optimum irrigation interval was 30 min for the production of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2001

U-Pb age determination was performed on the zircon fractions separated from the metamorphic rocks of three locations of the Gyeonggi Massif. The ages obtained from the upper and lower intersections between concordia curve and discordia lines made of the zircon fractions separated from the rocks of each locality we: $2168\pm$24 Ma and $1227\pm$40 Ma for the Yongduri Gneiss Complex, $1955\pm$22 Ma and $493\pm$32 Ma for the Euiam Group, and $3712\pm$244 Ma and $1613\pm$51 Ma for the Yongmunsan Group (2$\sigma$ errors). The upper intercept ages from the Yongduri Gneiss Complex and the Euiam Group of Gyeonggi massif are very similar to those obtained from the granitic gneisses and the porphyroblastic gneisses of Yeongnam massif respectively. Such similarities suggest that Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs might situate under the similar tectonic and geographic environment during ca. 2.2-1.9 Ga. The upper intercept age of Youngmunsan Formation (3.7 Ga) shows large error, because most of the zircon fractions are plotted very close to the lower intersection. It is necessary to investigate further to confirm this age. However, It may suggest the possibility of occurrence of the oldest crust of the northeast Asia similar to the one reported recently from the northeast China. The lower intercept age of the Yongmunsan Group is interpreted to indicate strong metamorphism. Such age postdates the 1.85-1.7 Ga metamorphism and igneous activities occurred in the Yeongnam massif, which might record the late Paleoproterozoic tectonic activities simultaneously occurred in both massifs.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Codonopsis lanceolata leaves as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 65.09%, 18.02%, 1.34% and 9.72%. And the calories of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were 288.36 Kcal. The protein contained total 16 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 5,906.41 mg and 7,551.56 mg, respectively. K was the most mineral followed by Ca, P, and Mg, which means Codonopsis lanceolata leaves are alkali material. Total phenolic contents of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were 1.87 mg/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated as 1.87 mg/g. Based on the above results, we deemed that the Codonopsis lanceolata leaves might have potential antioxdant activities. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow up study of Codonopsis lanceolata leavesthrough developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.