• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 1981

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient and food intake and food habits of the aged Jeju island. The survey was conducted to 102 persons, 50 persons aged 65 to 74 years and 52 persons aged 75 years over from July 5 to 25, 1981. The result obtained was summarized as follows; 1. Average nutrient intake per day Calorie intake was 1408 ㎉(which was 64% of RDA) for male and was 1343 ㎉ (84%) for female aged 65 to 74 years. For male aged 75 years over calorie intake was 1316㎉ (60%) and for female was 1292㎉ (81%). According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, fat, were average 74.8%, 15.1%, 10.1%. Protein intake was insufficient quantiatively, but the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were 26.1 to 33.5%. Other nutrient intake, such as Ca, vitamin A and C were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. 2. Food intake In per capita food consumption were 69.1g to 744.7g and average 320.1g of cereal (125.1g of rice and 160.5g of barley) and 63.9g of fishes. Total food consumption and vegetables were diminished by older age. 3. Correlation assessment The correlation coefficient between residental stus lived with family, high activity, good health, and nutrient intake were significant (P<0.05). Poor teeth had influence on less nutrient intake, but was not significant. 4. Food preferences Food liked over 70% of subjects were persimmon, fishes, leef, tomato, and boiled rice with barley, etc. owing to tender food, economical reasons, seasonal influence, and food habits. Food disliked over 20% of subjects were instant noodle, small sardin, boiled rice, and ice-crea, etc. The majority of subjects had never had the processing food, such as ham, sausage, butter and margarine, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.7-8
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• 1994

한국산 표고버섯 균사체를 액체배양하여 천연항암물질로 알려진 단백다당체를 추출한 후 그 물질의 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 균사체의 최적 재양조건을 TGY배지로 조사한 바 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 배양초기 pH4.0, 교반속도 300rpm, 균사배지 접종량을 10.0%로 하고 산소 통기량을 1.0volume of ait/volume of medium/mimute으로 하였을때 가장 양호한 조건이였으며, 대량생산 하기 위한 SCM배지에서 최적의 C/N비는 13.1오써 7일간 배양하였을때 18.8g/L의 균사령을 얻었으며, 이때 생산수율은 0.46으로 나타났다. 발효가 끝난 배양액에서 균사, 여액 그리고 배양액의 전체에서 단백다당체를 분리한 결과 각 분획에서 단백다당체가 각각 0.55%, 0.12%, 0.69%가 회수되어 배양액 전체에서 단백다당체를 추출하는 것이 바람직하며, 추출방법으로 열수추출, glass bead추출 및 cellulasa처리를 하여 단백다당체의 수율을 비교한 결과 0.25-0.5mm glass nead로 30분간 균사체를 분쇄한 다음 열수추출을 1시간을 하였을때 990mg/100ml의 단백다당체를 얻을 수 있었다. 고단백다당체를 1차 단백질 가수분해 효소로 분해하고, EDAE cellulose 및 Sepadex G-100 column chromatography로 정제한 후, TLC/FLD, ultracentrifugation한 결과 순수한 물질임을 알 수 있었다. 단백다당체의 항암효과 조사중 in vitro배양에서 $P_{388}$과 $L_{1210}$에 대한 단백다당체의 활성단위 1 unit는 1mg정도였으며, 인체의 장암세포인 HCT-48, HRT-18, HT-29 밀 간암세포인 Hep G2 대한 생육저해 단위는 각각 4.4, 3.6, 6.6, 2.6mg이었다. HCT-48과 Hep G2 세포의 크기 분포도는 대조군에 비하여 시간이 경과함에 따라, 그리고 단백다당체의 농도가 증가함에 따라 peak가 작은 size 쪽으로 이동하였다. 또, 단백다당체를 첨가 배양한 HCT-48과 Hep G2세포의 현미경 관찰에서 본래의 암세포 형태가 변형되고 크기가 감소하며 세포사이의 경계막이 흐트러지면서 세포수가 감소하고 사멸하였다. In vivo실험에서는 대조군보다 단백다당체를 첨가한 군에서 항체 형성능력이 대조군에 비하여 형질세포가 2배로 증가하였다. 단백다당체의 화학적 성분 분석에서 다당함량은 46.1%이면 구성다당류는 glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose로 구성되었고 단백질의 함량은 7.28%이며, 구성아미노산은 15종의 아미노산으로 되었다. 또 무기물은 Na, K, Zn, Ca등의 순으로 이루어 짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

목적 : 만성 염증성 질환에 대한 전침효과를 알아보기 위해 complete Freund's adjuvant (CA) 유발 관절염 모델에서 염증관련 단백질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 방법 : Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 족부에 CFA를 주사한 다음 3일 간격으로 2 Hz, 15 Hz 및 120 Hz 전침 자극을 주며 부종 형성여부를 plethysmometer로 측정하여 판정하였으며 30일 째 거퇴관절을 취하여 4% paraformaldehyde에 고정하고 EDTA용액에서 탈회시켜 파라핀연속 절편을 얻어 $NF-{\kappa}B$를 비롯한 5종의 염증관련 단백질의 발현을 면역조직화학적으로 살펴보았다. 결과 : 관절연골내 면역반응 중 연골기질은 반응이 없거나 약하고 연골세포는 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65,\;I-{\kappa}B{\alpha},\;iNOS$반응이 강하며 특히 유리연골층에서 더 현저하였으나 염증 및 전침자극에 따른 변화는 없었다. 관절낭에서 면역반응을 살펴보면 염증유발시 활액세포의 면역반응세포는 $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$가 감소한 반면 iNOS, $IL-1{\beta}$는 증가하며 특히 iNOS 증가가 현저하였으며 전침자극에 의해 iNOS가 감소하였다. 활액막조직에서 모든 면역반응이 증가하며 특히 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65,\;I-{\kappa}B{\alpha},\;iNOS$ 반응이 현저한데 전침자극에 의해 $IL-1{\beta}$를 제외한 모든 반응이 감소하였다. 결론 : 만성 염증성 동물모델의 거퇴관절 내 염증관련 단백질은 관절연골보다 관절낭에서 큰 변화를 보이며 전침처치에 의해 이들 단백질 발현이 억제되는 것으로 보아 전침이 만성 염증성 질환에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

In this study, we fabricated tubular ceramic support for segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) by using CSZ(CaO-stabilized $ZrO_2$) as main material and activated carbon as pore former. Thermal expansion properties of ceramic support with different amounts of activated carbon were analyzed by using dilatometer to decide a suitable sintering temperature. The tubular ceramic supports with different amounts of activated carbon (5, 10, 15wt.%) were fabricated by the extrusion technique. After sintering at $1100^{\circ}C$ and $1400^{\circ}C$ for 5h., cross section and surface morphology of tubular ceramic support were analyzed by using SEM image. Also, the porosity, mechanical property, gas permeability of tubular ceramic supports was measured. Based on these results, we established the suitable fabrication technique of tubular ceramic support for segmented-in-series SOFC.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2004

Gluconobacter oxydans that produces the cellulose was isolated. In order to confirm the chemical features of cellulose, various spectrophtometeric analysis were carried out using electron microscopy, X-ray diffractogram, and CP/MAS $\^$13/C NMR. The purified cellulose was found to be identical to that of Acetobacter xylinum. For effective production of cellulose, the various carbon and nitrogen sources, mixture of calcium and magnesium ions, and biotin concentration were investigated in flask cultures. Among the various carbon sources, glucose and sucrose were found to be best for the production of cellulose, with maximum concentration of 2.41 g/L obtained when a mixture of 10 g/L of each glucose and sucrose were used. With regard to the nitrogen sources, when 20 g/L of yeast extract was used, the maximum concentration of bacterial cellulose was reached. The concentration of cellulose was increased with mixture of 2 mM of each Ca$\^$2+/ and Mg$\^$2+/. The optimum biotin concentration for the production of cellulose was in the range of 15 to 20mg/L. At higher biotin concentration (25-35mg/L). the bacterial cellulose production was lower.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 2010

In this work, mass production of Bacillus licheniformis SCD121067 through medium optimization by statistical experimental method was studied. First, galactose, yeast extract and potassium phosphate dibasic were selected as carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources for mass production of B. licheniformis SCD121067 by using one factor at a time method. Second, according to the result of Plackett-Burman experimental design, key factors was yeast extract and $K_2HPO$. Finally, the response surface methodology was performed to obtain the optimum concentrations of two selected variables. The optimized medium composition consisted of 20 g/L galactose, 36 g/L yeast extract, 0.41 g/L $K_2HPO4$, 0.25 g/L $Na_2CO_3$, 0.4g/L $MgSO_4$ and 0.01g/L $CaCl_2$. Dry cell weight (15.4 g/L) by optimum production medium were increased 10 times, as compared to that determined with basic production medium (1.5 g/L). Fermentation conditions were examined for the mass production of B. licheniformis. The effect of temperature, agitation speed, pH and aeration rate on the mass production of B. licheniformis were also studied in a batch fermenter which was carried out in a 2.5 L bioreactor with a working volume of 1.5 L containing optimized production medium. As a result, dry cell weight of batch culture was 30.7 g/L at $42^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm, pH 8.0 and 2 vvm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1979

The utilization of x-ray for diagnosis and examination is increasing by about 5-15% every year, therefore, it would be mandatory to protect the patients from exposures and so, studies in this field are performed even now. In dental field, the area of irradiation is limited any to the head and neck area, but the irradiated angle is varied following the objected tooth, so the adjacent structures lens and thyroid gland would be fragile to radiation. And the scattered radiation is one of the complicated problems in the protection because of specificity of dental x-ray and its object structures. The author, by using TLD (Thermo luminescent Dosimeter; Teledyne Isotopes-Model 7300, Element; TLD 200(CaF₂:Dy) and Capintec(Capintec Model 192, PM-30 Diagnostic chamber 28㎖ active volume), tried a measurement of air dose distribution of the scattered radiation and the irradiated dose of lens and thyroid gland under the condition of taking the film on the left maxillary molar. The results were as follows: 1. The half value layer of adapted dental x-ray machine was measured, and is 1.44㎜ Al. 2. The time of irradiation on the left maxillary molar in the Alderson Rando Phantom, the measured doses of left and right lens, and thyroid gland were 8,9mR, 1,2mR and 2,8mR. Under the same conditions, the scattered radiation at the distance of 1 meter from the phantom were 84 μR at the front side, 11μR at the back side, 18μR at the right side and 72μR at the left side. 3. Under the same conditions, the dose showed higher value by about 5% in the presence of object(phantom) than in the case of absence.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1225-1230
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• 2007

The emissions characteristics of particulate matters(PM) according to the types of wastes from industrial waste incinerator of 800 kg/hr treatment capacity were investigated. For this study, the incinerate waste are as follows; waste resin, waste wood, waste urethane, waste gunny, and waste paper. The particulate samples were collected to be emitted in stack and air pollution control(both cyclone and bag filter). In stack, the concentrations of PM were in the range of 2.61 to $26.51 mg/Sm^3$ and the major chemical species were C, Si, Cl, K, Na, Ca in all the wastes. In cyclone fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste resin were Zn 34,197.5 mg/kg, Fe 27,587.6 mg/kg, Pb 6,055.8 mg/kg, respectively. In bag filter fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Zn > Pb > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr > Ni > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste wood were Pb 36,405.2 mg/kg, Fe 15,762.9 mg/kg, Cu 9,989.5 mg/kg, Cd 2,230.1 mg/kg, respectively. Comparing the heavy metal content of both cyclone and bag filter, in cyclone, the Cr, Fe, Ni content were higher than in bag filter and the Cd, Cu, Hg content were lower than in bag filter.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

Urokinase (UK), a thrombolytic enzyme used to clear catheters obstructed by blood clots, can be also used industrially in the recombinant protein purification system to cleave a fusion protein linked with a certain fragment of GST. We have immobilized UK by covalent attachment to activated Sepharose 6B-Cl gels and evaluated its performance to cleave a fusion protein of hGH and GST. The Sepharose gels were activated by etherification with glycidol (2,3-epoxypropanol) and further oxidized with periodate resulting in glyceryl-Sepharose gels. After the activation treatment, surface density of the aldehyde groups was 7-30 $\mu$mol-aldehde/mL-gel. Immobilization yield was higher than 99% at high pH (10.5), and the immobilized UK maintained ca. 80% specific activity of the soluble UK. In a column reaction the cleavage yield heavily depended on the feed rate, and it was nearly 86% of that from soluble UK. And the immobilized UK was successfully regenerated by unfolding and refolding with 6M GuHCl. After cleavaging reaction, the monomeric hGH was purified by using expanded bed adsorption chromatography.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

This study was intended to examine whether dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dietary fat level or source could modulate glutathione utilizing detoxifying system activity and the cytosolic NADPH generation in rat liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurifed diet containing either 2%(w/w) corn oil (low level of corn oil diet: 5 ca% of fat) 15% corn oil (high level of corn oil diet: 31 cal% of fat) or 13% sardine oil plus 2% corn oil(high level of fish oil diet: 31 cal% of fat) for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in each diet group were fed a diet supplemented with 0.2% DHEA (w/w). DHEA administration increased plasma total cholesterol level in low corn oil diet-fed rats. The high fish oil diet significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol level compared to the high corn oil diet. Plasma triglyceride level was not significantly changed by DHEA administration and dietary fat level and source. Fasting plasma glucose level was increased by DHEA administration and fish oil diet. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in liver tissue was significantly increased by DHEA administration and high fat diet, especially fish oil diet. Malic enzyme activity in liver tissue was significantly increased by DHEA administration and high fat diet, especially fish oil diet. Malic enzyme activity in liver tissue was significantly increased by DHEA administration. DHEA suppressed the glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-dependent enzymes compared to the low corn oil diet, while fish oil diet elevated the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to corn oil diet. These results suggest that DHEA administration and high level of corn oil diet may suppress the cellular detoxifying system activity through reduction of glutathione utilization, while the fish oil diet did not show these effects.