• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 1986

Cellulosic substance which plays an important role in carbon cycle is most abundant in the nature world. Some higher fungi are able to digest cellulose directly to satisfy their carbohydrate requirement. Then, in order to investigate the enzymatic components of Lenzites betulina (Fr.) being wood rot, that fungus was collected in Kwangneung area. The carpophore of the fungus was smashed with cool distilled water, extracted and salted out by ammonium sulfate. And then the precipitate was purified by dialysing with visking tube and dissolved with pH 7.8 ammonia water, and the extract was filtrated. The fraction of filtrate was obtained as light brown powder after lyophilization, and determined cellulolytic activity. Cellulolytic potency of Lenzites betulina (Fr.) was 1. 65 unit/ml. The cellulase of Lenzites betulina (Fr.) was stable at below $45^{\circ}C$ and range of pH $4.5{\sim}6.0$ and is completely inactivated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. The optimum condition for the enzymatic reaction was $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0. The enzyme activity was not influenced by the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.15-20
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• 1972

There are still many problems on the physiological role of silicon in rice plants, although, it has been reported that silicate slag is the most effective fertilizer for the improvement of Akiochi soils. This experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of silicate of the mineral nutrition uptake by rice plants, using Ca45, P32, C136, and Mn54. The obtained results are summerized as follows; 1. Contents of mineral nutrients except silicon were higher in the rice plant grown in minus Si-culture solution a than in plus Si-plot. 2. Transpiration amounts appeared to be greater in the low content plant of silicon. 3. The rate of translocation to shoot of each ion absorbed by roots depended on the rate of transpiration. 4. It seemed that only CI uptake was found small in minus Si-root. 5. Silicate fetilizer did not affect the solubility of mineral ions in soils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.232-237
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• 1993

A strain of yeast which can convert starch directly to ethanol was developed by the intergeneric protoplast fusion between Schwanniomyces alluvius possessing $\alpha$ amylase as well as glucoamylase with debranching activity and FSC-14-75 which previously had been formed from a heterologous transformation and subsequent intergeneric protoplast fusion. Fusants were selected on minimal medium after protoplasts of auxotrophic mutant of S. alluvius fused with heat-treated protoplasts of FSC-14-75 in the presence of 30%(w/v) PEG and 20 mM $CaCl_2$. The fusion frequency was in the range of $10^{-6}$ order. All fusants tested were intermediate types of parental strains for carbon compound assimilation, and their cell volumes were approximately 1.1 times larger than FSC-14-75 and 1.8 times larger than S. alluvius. The fusants were unable to sporulate like FSC-14-75, while S. alluvius could sporulate. In flask scale the most promising fusant, FSCSa-R10-6, produced 7.83%(v/v) and 10.17%(v/v) ethanol from 15% and 20% of liquefied potato starch, respectively, indicating that the fermetation efficiency of each case increased 1.2 times and 1.6 times than that of FSC-14-75. The elution pattern on DEAE-cellulose chromatography showed that FSCSa-R10-6 has four distinct amylase peaks of which two peaks originated from S. alluvius and the other two from FSC-14-75. These results suggest that the enhanced fermentation efficiency of the fusant might be due to almost-complemented parental amylases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

The present study was performed to investigate the binding affinity of the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) for melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor (MCH-1) and also to examine the antagonistic effect of them for the recombinant MCH-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells. EMA, dichloromethane fraction (EMA-D) and EMA-DM exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor in receptor binding assays ($IC_{50}$ value: 2.3, 1.6 and $1.0{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). Other plant materials (MMA-D, MMA-DM) obtained from methanol extracts from the leaves of Morus alba (MMA) also exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor, even though the $IC_{50}$ values of them were lower than those of EMA-D and EMA-DM. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human MCH-1, EMA-DM and EMA-D significantly inhibited MCH-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase ($IC_{50}$ values: 16.5 and $22.7{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). These results clearly indicate that the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) are novel selective MCH-1 receptor antagonist, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 1989

The experimental study for extracorporeal preservation of the heart-lung preparation by autoperfusion system was performed in 10 dogs. Under intravenous Pentothal endotracheal anesthesia bilateral thoracotomies were performed. A 24F cannula connected to a plastic reservoir bag located 100 cm above the level of the heart was introduced into the aortic arch. Left subclavian, innominate artery, and descending aorta were ligated and divided. Both vena cavae were ligated and divided after the bag was half filled with blood. A 24F catheter inserted into right atrium and connected to the plastic bag in order to keep constant the preload. The thoracic trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated. The heart-lung preparations were removed en bloc and floated in a $34^{\circ}C$ bath of Hartmann solution. The preparations were observed for from 2 hours to 8 hours, with the average of 5.2 hours. Hemodynamic and hematologic variables were measured during preharvest and autoperfusion. The pH revealed severe respiratory alkalosis due to very low $PaCO_2$ during autoperfusion ; $PaO_2$ remained constant for 130-140 mmHg; $A-aDO_2$ increased markedly. The static inspiratory pressure [SIP] at late autoperfusion [6hr] increased significantly as compared with at early autoperfusion [2hr]. There was no difference between white blood cell counts from right atrium and those of left atrium. Heart rates remained constant for 110-120/min; cardiac outputs maintained to approximately 0.6L/min; mean aortic pressures, 75 mmHg; mean pulmonary arterial pressures, 15-18 mmHg; mean right atrial pressures, 9-13 mmHg; mean left atrial pressures, 12 mmHg lower than those of right atrium. Serum Na maintained with normal range during autoperfusion; K increased significantly; Ca decreased progressively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly during autoperfusion. The study demonstrated that stable hemodynamics could be maintained throughout the experiment and the preparation of the lung seemed to be inadequate, especially after 3-4 hours, such as high $A-aDO_2$, increased SIP, and scattered atelectasis and edema in their gross appearances.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.314-322
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• 2010

The effects of five colored soybean (blue, red, yellow, white, and black) varieties on the quality characteristics of soybean paste (Doenjang) were investigated for proximate composition, salt content, pH, color, organic acid content, amino acid content, and mineral content after 80 days of aging. Soybean paste (Doenjang) samples were divided into TDS (traditional Doenjang prepared with soybean) and TDM (traditional Doenjang prepared with mixed soybeans, kidney bean, black soybean, kind of small bean, sword bean, green bean, red bean, at a radio of 1:1:1:1:1(w/w)). Moisture content was 49.66% for TDM and 49.52% for TDM. Protein and salt contents of the TDS sample were higher than those of TDM. The "L" values of the TDB sample increased the aging period was decreased. In contrast, the "L" and "$\alpha$" values of TDM did not show any significant differences. The main organic acids detected were malic acid > lactic acid > tartaric acid in the TDS and TDM samples. Glutamic acid contents were 2.83 g/100 g for the TDS sample and 2.15 g/100 g for the TDM. The levels of K, Mg, and Ca of the TDS sample were higher than those of TDM. No significant difference occurred between TDS and TDM regarding their quality characteristics after 80 days of aging. Further studies needed include sensory evaluation and functionality of soybean paste made from mixed soybean materials.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.686-695
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics of traditional and commercial soybean pastes (Doenjang) for development of traditional soybean pastes. Methods: Proximate compositions, amino acid nitrogen contents, pH, acidity, salt contents, chromaticity, viable bacteria and inorganic substance contents of nineteen traditional and three commercial Doenjang were investigated. Results: Analysis of proximate compositions indicated a significant difference between samples. In moisture content, D10 did not meet the standard of food codex. The contents of moisture, fat, protein and ash were slightly higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. However, the carbohydrate content was 2-fold higher in commercial than traditional, and thus, the calories were also higher. The amino nitrogen content was lower in commercial than traditional Doenjang. pH, acidity and salt contents of Doenjang were pH 4.67-6.15, 1.53-3.29%, and 9.01-18.78%, respectively. pH and acidity showed no significant differences between traditional and commercial Doenjang, however, salt contents were significantly higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. In case of chromaticity, the averages of L, a, b values were higher in traditional Doenjang. In microbiological analysis, total bacteria counts were higher in traditional than commercial Doenjang. The number of Bacillus cereus in D12 and D19 exceeded the standard of food codex. Staphylococcus aureust was undetected in all samples. The number of fungi varied widely between samples, with no detection in five traditional and all commercial Doenjang. Results of inorganic substance analysis indicated that contents of inorganic substances in Doenjang were in order of Na, K, Mg and Ca. Overall, Na content was higher in traditional Doenjang. Contents of inorganic substances showed wide variations in traditional Doenjang. Conclusion: For the development of traditional Doenjang, quality standardization and ensuring safety are considered necessary.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 1985

Ferrallitique soils are real tropical soils, with an oxic B horizon such a horizon is at least 30cm thick, has > 15% clay, diffuse horizon boundaries, no weatherable minerals and a CEC of clay < 16 me per 100g. These soils are in general the real reddish or yellowish very uniform tropical clay soils with an orchric A horizon and a deep B horizon, otherwise almost characterless. The soil profile looks uniform and maybe some metres thick. It is well drained, has a good permeability and a stable structure. As there is little or no weatherable mineral, because these soils are old and exhausted of bares, natural fertility is very low. There has been a complicated process of soil formation. Intensive and continuous weathering over a very long period has resulted in leaching of bases and silica, in relative accumulation of resquioxides and in formation of kaolinitic clay. Until recently, there has been much confusion in classifing and naming tropical soils. Particularily what are now Ferralsols in the FAO scheme, and Oxisols in Soil Taxonomy. Old names of various classification system are: Lateritic soils, Latosols, Ferrallitic soils. For agriculture, these soils are important, but chemically very poor, not only because of a low CEC but also because of deficiency of bases, especially Ca, Mg, and K, strong P fixation and high exchangeable Al percentage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.54-62
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• 2007

The knock characteristics in an engine were investigated under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operation. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)and gasoline were used as fuels and injected at the intake port using port fuel injection equipment. Di-methyl ether (DME) was used as an ignition promoter and was injected directly into the cylinder near compression top dead center (TDC). A commercial variable valve timing device was used to control the volumetric efficiency and the amount of internal residual gas. Different intake valve timingsand fuel injection amounts were tested to verify the knock characteristics of the HCCI engine. The ringing intensity (RI) was used to define the intensity of knock according to the operating conditions. The RI of the LPG HCCI engine was lower than that of the gasoline HCCI engine at every experimental condition. The indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) dropped when the RI was over 0.5 MW/m2and the maximum combustion pressure was over 6.5MPa. There was no significant relationship between RI and fuel type. The RI can be predicted by the crank angle degree (CAD) at 50 CA. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were minimized at high RI conditions. The shortest burn duration under low RI was effective in achieving low HC and CO emissions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of fused superphosphate (FSSP) in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v; PR), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v; PB). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. The treatment of $1.4g L^{-1}$ in PV and those of $0.7g L^{-1}$ in PR and PB had the greatest fresh and dry weights in each root medium at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP increased tissue contents of N, P, and K at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting in PV medium. However, the differences in tissue contents of N, P and K in PR medium were less significant among treatments of FSPP. The pre-planting FSPP also less affected the tissue contents of nutrients at 80 days after transplanting as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP in PV medium increased EC and the concentrations of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg in soil solution of root media at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in PV medium at 80 days after transplanting was higher than that at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in all root media at 80 days after transplanting was not different among treatments of FSPP.