• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with chronic skin inflammatory reactions. p-coumaric acid (pCA) is an active ingredient of Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae). Methods: Here, we estimated an anti-AD effect of pCA on activated mast cells, activated splenocytes, and a mouse model of AD. Cytokines levels were measured by ELISA and protein activation was analyzed by Western blotting. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was used to induce AD-like skin lesions. Results: The treatment with pCA suppressed the productions and mRNA expressions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in HMC-1 cells. pCA downregulated the expressions of RIP2 and caspase-1, phosphorylated-(p)p38/pJNK/pERK, and pIKKβ/pIkBα/NF-κB in HMC-1 cells. pCA also decreased the productions of TSLP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of stimulated splenic cells. Comparing to DNFB-sensitized control group, pCA-treated group alleviated pathological changes of AD-like lesions. pCA decreased the proteins and mRNA expressions levels of TSLP, IL-6, and IL-4 in the skin lesions. Caspase-1 activation was also downregulated by pCA treatment in the AD-like lesions. The serum levels of histamine, IgE, TSLP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 were suppressed following treatment with pCA. Conclusion: This study suggests that pCA has the potential to improve AD by suppressing TSLP as well as inflammatory cytokines via blocking of caspase-1/NF-κB signal cascade.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1991

In order to improve the productivity of ethanol by sugar-alcohol-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae D1, the effect of addition of $Ca^{2+}$ on the alcohol fermentation was investigated. The addition of $Ca^{2+}$led to both the improvement of ethanol productivity and the increase of viable cell concentration. The optimal concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was 0.8 mM. The higher was initial concentration of glucose, the greater effect of $Ca^{2+}$ was observed. Ethanol inhibition of growth, specific death rate in lethal concentration of ethanol, and extracellular final pH decreased by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$. The effect of $Ca^{2+}$ supplementation was explained by the increase of its ethanol tolerance.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.545-548
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• 1996

CA(1-8)ME(1-12), the CA-ME hybrid peptide of the amino terminal segments of cecropin A (CA) and melittin (ME), has been reported to have a broad spectrum and improved potency without a hemolytic property. In order to obtain new synthetic peptides with powerful antibacterial activity without hemolytic activity, several hybrid peptides were designed from the sequences of CA, ME, magainin 2, bombinin and lactoferricin. All hybrid peptides were constructed to form an amphipathically basic-flexible-hydrophobic structure and synthesized by the solid phase method. Their hemolytic activities against human red blood cells and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were detennined. CA(1-8)MA(1-12), CA(1-8)BO(1-12), MA(10-17)ME(1-12) and LF(20-29)ME(1-12) showed comparable activities with broad spectra against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria relative to CA(1-8)ME(1-12) but without hemolytic properties. These hybrid peptides, therefore, could be useful as model peptides to design a novel peptide with improved antibacterial activity and study on structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial peptides.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.859-866
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• 2003

When calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive cement was hydrated, ettringite and monosulfate were mainly formed. The crack of hardened cement was prevented by compensating drying shrinkage due to formation of the above hydrates. In order to study the hydration properties of calcium sulfoaluminate-based expanding cement, 3CaOㆍ3Al$_2$O$_3$ㆍCaSO$_4$(C$_4$A$_3$S) was prepared by chemical synthesis, and then the hydration of $C_4$A$_3$S-Ca(OH)$_2$-CaSO$_4$.$2H_2O$-C$_3$A system_was characterized. Good $C_4$A$_3$S phase was prepared at $1300^{\circ}C$ by chemical synthesis, and the main hydration product of $C_4$A$_3$S-Ca(OH)$_2$-CaSO$_4$.2$H_2O$ system was ettringite. In the case of hydration $C_4$A$_3$S-Ca(OH)$_2$-CaSO$_4$ㆍ 2$H_2O$-C$_3$A system, ettringite was formed in the early period and it was transformed into monosulfate while consumed gypsum.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.245-254
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• 2005

This paper presents a paleoenvironmental study on Hoya Rincon do Parangueo, a maar lake in Valle de Santiago in Central Mexican Bajio. Maar lake sediments have been widely used for high-resolution reconstruction of paleoenvironment. Many different paleoenvironmental proxy data such as stable isotopes, pollen, sediment chemistry, and dung fungus spore were produced in this study. The pine-oak ratio, stable isotopes, and sediment chemistry help to reveal paleoenviromental changes throughout the whole period covered by sediment materials from this study site. The evidence I found indicates that during ca. 9,500 $\sim$ ca. 8,300 cal yr B.P. there was dry climate; during ca. 8,300 $\sim$ ca. 6,300 cal yr B.P. it was wetter; during ca. 6,300 $\sim$ ca. 4,000 cal yr B.P. drier and cooler; during ca. 4,000 $\sim$ ca. 1,100 cal yr B.P. milder and wetter. The presence of Chupicuaro culture between ca. 2,500 $\sim$ 1,100 cal yr B.P. is implied by the high frequencies of Amaranthaceae and Zea mars. It seems that man left this lake around 1,100 cal yr B.P. due to a dry climate after 1,300 cal yr B.P. Spanish arrival around 400 cal yr B.P. is implied by the fact that fe3 mars reappears and Sporormiella spp. become significant around 120 cm, whereas Poaceae drops sharply.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 1996

Sr0.6Ca0.4CuO2 single crystal has been synthesized by flux method and characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound has the orthorhombic system and the space group is Cmcm(63), lattice parameters are a=3.4645Å, b=16.1417Å, c=3.8727Å. In the (Sr1-xCax)CuO2 compound the limit of Ca from substitution for Sr was determined by the change of bond length. For this, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDAX) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) were used. From the change of Cu-O bond length as the Ca substitution, we concluded the limit of Ca incorporation Xca≒0.73.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was analyzed for the export quality of 'Fuji' apples after 8-month storage. Apples were harvested from two orchards located in different regions at relatively late stage of maturity for long-term storage. Fruit were treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored in $0^{\circ}C$ air or CA with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa $CO_2$ for 8 months. To simulate poststorage export process such as 2-week refrigerated container shipment plus 7-day local distribution, fruit were put in $0^{\circ}C$ air storage for additional two weeks and then on the shelf for 7 days at $20^{\circ}C$. Both the 1-MCP treatment and CA storage reduced respiration and ethylene evolution after storage and shipping simulation, and successfully maintained titratable acidity and flesh firmness even after the export process. In 'Fuji' apples harvested after adequate stage of maturity for long-term storage, however, 1-MCP treatment alone seemed not to be satisfactory for the maintenance of sensorial fruit texture for export market. CA storage or 1-MCP treatment/CA storage combination program should be applied for lately harvested 'Fuji' apples exported after eight months storage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2012

상용 마그네슘합금에 Ca+Y를 복합 첨가하여 부식특성의 변화를 평가하였다. Ca+Y를 복합 첨가한 경우 표면에 형성되는 피막의 안정성이 증가하여 내식성이 현저하게 향상되었다. AZx1-aCa-0.2Y 합금의 부식양상은 제2상과 기지간의 미소갈바닉 부식에 의해 국부부식 양상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5778-5784
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• 2013

In order to develop anti-wrinkle agent, we measured the anti-oxidative activity of gallic acid (GA) from Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews and investigated its cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells and then investigated its effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA, protein expressions and secretion in same cells. GA showed anti-oxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ of 30 ${\mu}g/mL$ and its activity was higher than that of butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA). GA showed weak cytotoxicity with high concentration (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) in HaCaT cells. MMP-1 mRNA, protein expression and secretion induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in HaCaT cells were significantly decreased by treatment of GA with dose-dependent manner(p<0.05). Therefore, our findings suggest that GA can be useful as an active ingredient for cosmeceuticals of anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.671-677
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• 2011

We previously reported the isolation and characterization of a gene, SCA1 (for soybean $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 1), encoding a calmodulin-regulated $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase that is located in the plasma membrane in soybean. Here, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase designated as SCA2 was isolated from soybean. The two $Ca^{2+}$-ATPases, SCA1 and SCA2, share a remarkably high degree of similarity (78%). Ten transmemebrane domains were predicted by hydropathy analysis. Using gel overlay assays, CaM was found to bind to SCA2 in a $Ca^{2+}$-dependent manner. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of two copies of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase gene in the soybean genome. An N-terminal truncation mutant that deletes sequence through the putative calmodulin binding site was able to complement a yeast mutant (K616) that was deficient in two endogenous $Ca^{2+}$ pumps. Our results indicate that SCA2 is structurally highly conserved with type IIB $Ca^{2+}$ pumps in plants.