• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze microbiological hazards for plants, cultivation environments and personal hygiene of perilla leaf farms at the harvesting stage. Samples were collected from three perilla leaf farms(A, B, C) located in Gyeongnam, Korea and tested for sanitary indications, fungi and pathogenic bacteria(Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogens, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus). As a result, total bacteria and coliform in perilla leaf were detected at the levels of 4.4~5.2 and 3.4~4.3 log CFU/g, respectively, but E. coli was not detected in all samples. Among the pathogenic bacteria, B. cereus(perilla leaf: 2.0~2.4 log CFU/g, stem: 1.4~2.1 log CFU/g, water: 0.7 log CFU/ml, soil: 4.2~5.0 log CFU/g, hands: 3.0 log CFU/ hand, gloves: 2.1~2.4 log CFU/100 $cm^2$, glothes: 1.5~2.8 log CFU/100 $cm^2$) and S. aureus(3.4 log CFU/hand) were detected in all samples and worker's hand from farm A, respectively. However, other pathogenic bacteria were not detected. This study demonstrates that perilla leaf at the harvesting stage was significantly contaminated with microbial hazards.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 1988

Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were extracted from the Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung varieties of rice by neutral detergent fiber method. To determine the properties of NDF three factors were measured : water-binding capacity(WBC), Fe-binding capacity and sodium taurocholate binding with NDF. The average WBC of NDF was $5.60{\pm}0.87gH_2O/g$ NDF, and the average Fe-binding capacity ranged from 24.63% at pH 5.0 to 19.6% at pH 6.0 and 48.98% at pH 7.0. Binding of sodium taurocholate with NDF was determined in vitro using C-14 labeled sodium taurocholate at 100M sodium taurocholate concentrations. NDF binding of Jinhung was 27.87 while Nampung, Milyang #23 and Whasung measured 32% each. When sodium taurocholate concentrations were raised from $40{\mu}M\;to\;240{\mu}M$ the tendency of binding increased as the concentrations increased, but not linearly.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1989

To prepare a new type of fish sauce from skipjack scrap, it was examined the effect of koji on the sauce flavor, conditions of low salt fish sauce processing and the changes of taste com-pounds during its fermentation. To prepare the skipjack scrap sauce, chopped skipjack head paste was mixed with $6.6\%$ skipjack viscera, $26.9\%$ koji, $71\%$ of $25\%$ brine, $13.3\%$ salt and $7.6\%$ glucose, and fermented at $25\pm4^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The same process was also carried out to prepare the low salt skipjack scrap sauce adding $7.6\%$ sorbitol, $0.3\%$ lactic acid and $9.8\%$ ethyl alcohol instead of $13.3\%$ salt. The major free amino acids in the products were glutamic acid, Iysine, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, leucine and isoleucine at 90 days of fermentation. And the contents of total free amino acids in both products were 3,307mg/00m1, 3,637.1mg/100m1 at 90 days of fermentation. The predominating non-volatile organic acids showed in the products were lactic acid, succinic acid, pyroglutamic acid, which were $90\%$ over contents of the total non-volatile organic acids. Total non-volatile organic acid contents in both products were 1,002.1mg/100ml, 1,312.9mg/100m1 at 90 days of fermentation. During fermentation of sauce, ADP, AMP and IMP were decreased, while inosine and hypoxanthine were increased. The major taste compounds of the products were rove진ed free amino acids and non-volatile organic acids. The nucleotides and their related compounds, total creatinine, betaine, TAMO and sugar were seemed to be having an auxiliary role in taste of those products. Fishy odor in skipjack scrap sauce can be improved by adding koji. And the low salt skipjack scrap sauce ($9.12\%$ of salt contents) can be prepared by the replacement of a part of salt with sorbitol, lactic acid and ethyl alcohol. From the results of sensory evaluation and chemical experiments, the skipjack scrap sauce products supposed to be at least equal to the sold soy sauce on the market in quality.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2002

Urea transport in the kidney is mediated by a family of transporter proteins that includes renal urea transporters (UT-A) and erythrocyte urea transporters (UT-B). The cDNA of five isoforms of rat UT-A, UTA1, UT-A2, UT-A3, UT-A4, and UT-A5 have been cloned. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of UT-A (L194), which marked UT-A1, UT-A2 and UT-A4. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approximately 200 g, were divided into three group: control rats had free access to water, dehydrated rats were deprived of water for 3 d, and water loaded rats had free access to 3% sucrose water for 3 d before being killed. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion through the abdominal aorta with the 2% paraformaldehyde-lysine- periodate (PLP) or 8% paraformaldehyde solution for 10 min. The sections were processed for immunohistochemical studies using pre-embedding immunoperoxidase method and immunogold method. In the normal rat kidney, UT-A1 was expressed intensely in the cytoplasm of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cell and UT-A2 was expressed on the plasma membrane of the terminal portion of the shortloop descending thin limb (DTL) cells (type I epithelium) and of the long-loop DTL cells (type II epithelium) in the initial part of the inner medulla. Immunoreactivity for UT-A1 in the IMCD cells, was decreased in dehydrated animals whereas strongly increased in water loaded animals compared with control animals. In the short-loop DTL, immunoreactivity for UT-A2 was increased in intensity in both dehydrated and water loaded groups. However, in the long-loop DTL of the outer part of the inner medulla, immunoreactivity for UT-A2 was markedly increase in intensity in dehydrated group, but not in water loaded group. In conclusion, in the rat kidney, UT-A1 is located in the cytoplasm of IMCD cells, whereas UT-A2 is located in the plasma membrane of both the short-and long-loop DTL cells. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that UT-A1 and UT-A2 may have a different role in urea transport and are regulated by different mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1976

This study was conducted to induce superovulation by P.M.S. injection and P.M.S. associate with Estrogen comparatively in the rabbit. The results obtained in this study are as follows. At 23-48 hours following mating, there were 21.3-24.1 ova (Ovulation rate was increased 50.5-63.6%) in average in the group of 40 I.U P.M.S. injected per day per herd for 5 days (total 200 I.U. of P.M.S.) and 32.5-37.8 ova (Ovulation rate was increased 87.5-100%) in the group of P.M.S. associats with 0.1mg at 5th day. She number of unovulated-follicle were fewer in P.M.S.-Estrogen group than PMS group. As the result that dia meter of ova were classified in 3 group as 1-1. 4mm, 1.5-2.4mm and 2.5mm and observed, the ova in P.M.S. Estrogen group were slightly larger in size than P.M.S. group. It was conclued that P.M.S. associate with Estrogen injection was not so much effect on growth of ova but effect on ovulation of ova. so the number of ovulated ova were increased than P.M.S. group.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2016

In this study, the surface treatment of a self-cured temporary crown was polished using a denture bur, silicone bur, or pumice. The color stability of the temporary crown resin specimen was evaluated by immersing it in coffee, and cola, wine, beer, red pepper paste, or soybean paste. Two-hundred eighty-five identical resin specimens with six types of staining solution and three types of surface treatment were placed in a shaking incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of discoloration was observed using a time-lapse recording of days 1, 5, and 7. $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ were measured using a spectrophotometer, which shows the quantitative value of discoloration, and statistically processed after calculating ${\Delta}E^*$. The results show that as time passed, all the specimens showed a color change (p<0.001). The amount of color change was the greatest in in crowns with denture bur polishing on the day 1, 5, and 7. As the precipitation time increased, the ${\Delta}E^*$ value was also increased. Of the specimens immersed on day 1, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red pepper paste, while the smallest color change was observed in those immersed in cola. On days 5 and 7, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red wine. Crowns polished with silicone bur and immersed in soybean paste exhibited the smallest color change. Based on the results, compared to pumice polishing, silicone bur polishing results in better color stability, saves time and money, and is recommended for patients with temporary crowns.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.448-454
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• 2000

This study was to examine the physicochemical characteristics of coagulation reaction between ignited oyster shell powder (IOSP) and red tide organisms (RTO), and its feasibility, in developing a technology for the removal of RTO bloom in coastal sea,IOSP was made from oyster shell and its physicochemical characteristics were examined for particle size distribution, surface characteristic by scanning electron microscope, zeta potential, and alkalinity and pH variations in sea water. Two kinds of RTO that were used in this study, Cylindrotheca closterium and Skeletonema costatum, were sampled in Masan bay and were cultured in laboratory. Coagulation experiments were conducted using various c(Incentrations of IOSP, RTO, and a jar tester. The supernatant and RTO culture solution were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, RTO cell number, IOSP showed positive zeta potentials of $11.1{\~}50.1\;mV\;at\;pH\;6.2{\~}12.7$, A positive zeta potential of IOSP slowly decreased with decreasing pNa 4,0 to 2,0. When pNa reached zero, the zeta potential approached zero, When a pMg value was decreased, the positive zeta potential of IOSP increased until pMg 3.0 and decreased below pMg 3.0. IOSP showed 4.8 mV of positive zeta potential while RTO showed -9.2 mV of negative zeta potential in sea water. A positive-negative EDL (electrical double-layer) interaction occurred between $Mg(OH)_2$ adsorption layer of IOSP and RTO in sea water so that EDL attractive force always worked between them. Hence, their coagulation reaction occurred at primary minimum on which an extreme attractive force acted because of charge neutralization by $Mg(OH)_2$ adsorption layer of IOSP. As a result, the coagulation reaction was rapidly processed and was irreversible according to DLVO (Deriaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory. Removal rates of RTO were exponentially increased with increasing both IOSP concentration and G-value. The removal rates were steeply increased until 50 mg/l of IOSP and reached $100{\%}\;at\;400\;mg/l$ of IOSP. Removal rates of RTO were $70.5,\;70.5,\;81.7,\;85.3{\%}$ for G-values of $1,\;6,\;29,\;139\;sec^(-1)$at IOSP 100 mg/l, respectively. This indicated that mixing (i.e., collision among particles) was very important for a coagulation reaction.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 1997

The causes of late establishment of barnyardgrass and their density effect on rice yield loss were examined in 1996 and 1977. Herbicide application on 5 to 15DAT(Days after transplanting) increased from 6% to 52.5%, 1988 to 1992, and their ingredient amount for barnyardgrass control decreased to 41.7-87.5% in Korea. Most late establishment of barnyardgrass in machine transplanted rice field were not late germinated but revived ones. The number of late established barnyardgrass were 0.5, 2.0 and 13.3/$m^2$, on direct seeded at May 10, and machine transplanted May 23 and June 9, individually. Relation on rice yield and the number of barnyardgrass at machine transplanted field showed highly significant equation, as y=543.3 4.7x, r=0.9039 in 1996 and y=515.8 10.4x+0.066$x^2$, $R^2$=0.9532 in 1997. Theoritical yield loss by regress equation showed 2% per one plant of barnyardgrass per $m^2$ and 5, 10, 20, 50, and 80 plants of barnyardgrass decreased rice to 10, 19, 35, 69 and 79%, individually.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

This study was carried to identify the component of Large Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing into outer, middle, and inner part. Brachium and antebrachium were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Large Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows. 1) Muscle; extensor digitorum tendon(LI-1), lumbrical tendon(LI-2), 1st dosal interosseous muscle(LI-3), 1st dosal interosseous muscle and adductor pollicis muscle(LI-4), extensor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon(LI-5), adductor pollicis longus muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon(LI-6), extensor digitorum muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis mucsle and abductor pollicis longus muscle(LI-7), extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and pronator teres muscle(LI-8), extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and supinator muscle(LI-9), extensor carpi radialis longus muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and supinator muscle(LI-10), brachioradialis muscle(LI-11), triceps brachii muscle and brachioradialis muscle(LI-12), brachioradialis muscle and brachialis muscle(LI-13), deltoid muscle(LI-14, LI-15), trapezius muscle and supraspinous muscle(LI-16), platysma muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenous muscle(LI-17, LI-18), orbicularis oris superior muscle(LI-19, LI-20) 2) Nerve; superficial branch of radial nerve and branch of median nerve(LI-1, LI-2, LI-3), superficial branch of radial nerve and branch of median nerve and branch of ulna nerve(LI-4), superficial branch of radial nerve(LI-5), branch of radial nerve(LI-6), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and branch of radial nerve(LI-7), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve(LI-8), posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and radial nerve(LI-9, LI-12), lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and deep branch of radial nerve(LI-10), radial nerve(LI-11), lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and branch of radial nerve(LI-13), superior lateral cutaneous nerve and axillary nerve(LI-14), 1st thoracic nerve and suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve(LI-15), dosal rami of C4 and 1st thoracic nerve and suprascapular nerve(LI-16), transverse cervical nerve and supraclavicular nerve and phrenic nerve(LI-17), transverse cervical nerve and 2nd, 3rd cervical nerve and accessory nerve(LI-18), infraorbital nerve(LI-19), facial nerve and infraorbital nerve(LI-20). 3) Blood vessels; proper palmar digital artery(LI-1, LI-2), dorsal metacarpal artery and common palmar digital artery(LI-3), dorsal metacarpal artery and common palmar digital artery and branch of deep palmar aterial arch(LI-4), radial artery(LI-5), branch of posterior interosseous artery(LI-6, LI-7), radial recurrent artery(LI-11), cephalic vein and radial collateral artery(LI-13), cephalic vein and posterior circumflex humeral artery(LI-14), thoracoacromial artery and suprascapular artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery(LI-15), transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery(LI-16), transverse cervical artery(LI-17), SCM branch of external carotid artery(LI-18), facial artery(LI-19, LI-20)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.851-859
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• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate whether ethanol extracts of Sophora flavescens (GS), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GC), Dictamnus dasycarpus (BSP), and their mixtures (GGB-1, -2, -3, and -4) inhibit 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in a mouse model. DNCB was topically applied on the dorsal surface of Balb/c mice to induce AD-like skin lesions. The pathological phenotypes of AD, such as erythema, ear thickness, edema, scabs, and discharge, were significantly decreased in the GGB (DNCB + GS:GC:BSP = 3:1:1 mixture)-1-treated groups compared with the other treated groups. The weight of the spleen in immune organs was significantly decreased in the GGB-1-treated groups, whereas the weight of the liver in a control group was similar to that of the groups treated with the samples. Furthermore, toluidine blue staining analysis, a method used to specifically identify mast cells, showed that master cell infiltration into the dermis of the GGB-1-treated group was significantly decreased. The immunoglobulin E concentration was lower in the GGB-1-treated group. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-${\gamma}$, interleukin-1, 4, 5, 6, and 13, $1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$) were also significantly reduced in the GGB-1-treated group. Taken together, these results suggest that a mixture of GS, GC, and BSP in a proportion of 3:1:1 (GGB-1) may contribute to the relief of AD symptoms and may be considered an excellent candidate for an AD therapeutic drug.