• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1833-1840
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• 2013

Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasms and is the leading cause of death in many cancer patients. A major challenge in cancer treatment is to find better ways to specifically target tumor metastasis. In this study, the anti-metastatic potential of the methanolic extract of Rhizophora apiculata (R.apiculata) was evaluated using the B16F-10 melanoma induced lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice. Metastasis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting highly metastatic B16F-10 melanoma cells through the lateral tail vein. Simultaneous treatment with R.apiculata extract (10 mg/kg b.wt (intraperitoneal) significantly (p<0.01) inhibited pulmonary tumor nodule formation (41.1 %) and also increased the life span (survival rate) 107.3 % of metastatic tumor bearing animals. The administration of R.apiculata extract significantly (p<0.01) reduced biochemical parameters such as lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid content, serum nitric oxide (NO), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and sialic acid levels when compared to metastasis controls. These results correlated with lung histopathology analysis of R.apiculata extract treated mice showing reduction in lung metastasis and tumor masses. Taken together, our findings support that R.apiculata extract could be used as a potential anti-metastasis agent against lung cancer.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2013

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the pharmacological effects of Yookmijihwang-tang-gamibang (Liuweidihuang-tang-jiaweifang, YGB) consisted of 17 types of herbs has been traditionally used in Korean medicine for treating various disorders in clinics, aqueous extracts on the genetically obese and type II diabetic C57BL/6JHam-ob/ob(ob/ob) mice. Methods :Three different dosages of YGB were orally administered, once a day for 28 days to ob/ob mice with ob/ob control and C57BL/6JJms normoglycemic intact mice. Four weeks after treatments of YGB: the changes on the body weight, food consumption, blood glucose levels, leptin and adiponectin contents were observed for monitoring the antiobese and antidiabetic effects of YGB. The effects were compared to those of CLA(conjugated linoleic acid) which improve type II diabetes and inhibit related obesity. Results : After end of 28 days of continuous treatments, ob/ob control showed increases of adipocyte hypertrophy, vasodilated atrophic glomerulus which were detected with marked hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, insulin and glucagon producing cells. These obese and related type II diabetes induced in ob/ob mice were markedly and significantly inhibited by 28 days of continuous treatment of three dosages of YGB. The YGB 50mg/kg showed similar favorable effects on the diabetes and related diabetic complications as compared with CLA 750mg/kg in ob/ob mice of the present study. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 25mg/kg of YGB extracts favorably retarded the obese and type II diabetes in genetically obese and type II diabetic ob/ob mice.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity effect of Scutellariae Radix extract combined with metformin. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, 4 weeks of age, were used to set high-fat diet induced obesity model. They were grouped NOR (normal control), HFD (high fat diet control), MET (metformin, 100 mg/kg/day), MH2 (metformin 50 mg/kg/day+Scutellariae Radix 200 mg/kg/day), and HG4 (Scutellariae Radix 400 mg/kg/day). MET, MH2, and HG4 were orally administered for 10 weeks. Body weight was measured every week. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured before sacrifice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed. Organ weight and internal fat weight were measured after sacrifice. Results: MH2 group showed a reduction of body weight when compared with HFD group. MH2 group showed stable blood level control which was calculated areas under the curves by OGTT. TC, GOT, GPT level, internal fat, and organ weight in MH2 group reduced. Conclusions: The combined treatment of Scutellariae Radix and Metformin has impact on treating obesity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of Metformin and herbal medicine combination therapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2014

Chronic mild stress (CMS) has been reported to induce an anhedonic-like state in mice that resembles some of the symptoms of human depression. In the present study, we used a chronic mild stress animal model of depression and anxiety to examine the responses of two strains of mice that have different behavioral responsiveness. An outbred ICR and an inbred C57BL/6 strain of mice were selected because they are widely used strains in behavioral tests. The results showed that the inbred C57BL/6 and outbred ICR mice were similarly responsive to CMS treatment in sucrose intake test (SIT) and open field test (OFT). However, the two strains showed quite different responses in forced swimming test (FST) and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test after 3 weeks of CMS treatment. Only C57BL/6 mice displayed the depression- and anxiety-like behavioral effects in response to CMS treatment in FST and NSF test. Our results suggest that there are differences in responsiveness to CMS according to the different types of strain of mice and behavioral tests. Therefore, these results provide useful information for the selection of appropriate behavioral methods to test depression- and anxiety-like behaviors using CMS in ICR and C57BL/6 mice.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1986

As a preliminary experiment to establish the process on the sexing of mouse embryos by chromosomal analysis, present studies were carried out with inbred (ICR, C57BL) and F1 hybrid [(ICR${\times}$C57BL) = F1 ${\times}$ ICR] mice to investigate the blastomere numbers and mitotic indices (M.I.) to the developmental stage of embryos recovered, the optimum periods of anti-mitotic agent administration, the successful rates of sexing and sex-ratio. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The blastomere numbers (mean${\pm}$S.E.) of the morula and blastocyst were 18${\pm}$0.4 and 54${\pm}$0.7, respectively. 2. Whereas the M.I. of F1 hybrid (16${\pm}$0.2%) was higher than that fo inbred ICR (15${\pm}$0.1%) and C57BL (12${\pm}$0.6%) in the different strains, the morula (7${\pm}$0.6%) was higher than that of blastocyst (6${\pm}$0.4%) in the case of embryo stages. 3. Following to anti-mitotic agents treated, the M.I. of embryos cultured with Colcemid (17${\pm}$1.1%) was superior to that fo embryos cultured with Velban (12${\pm}$0.9%) and the Colcemid injection (7${\pm}$0.4%). 4. The successful rate of sexing in the blastocyst (38.7%; 124/320) was superior to the morula (35.9%; 52/145), and the F1 hybrid (48.1%) was higher than that of inbred ICR (42.4%) and C57 BL (28.2%). 5. In the successful rate of sexing to the methods of administration, the embryos cultured with Colcemid (46.0%) was superior to that of embryos cultured with Velban (39.0%) and the Colcemid injection (38.8%). 6. Of 98 embryos sexed after culture with Colcemid, 89(90.8%) were observed between 2 and 4 hrs. In the case of Velban treatment, 83.1% (74/89) was observed between 2$\frac{1}{2}$ and 4$\frac{1}{2}$ hrs. 7. Out of 761 prepared embryos it was possible to sex 311; 157 were male and 154 were female, i.e.a sex-ratio of 50% a, pp.oximately.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2016

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Hwangryeonhaedoktang pharmacopuncture solution (HRHDT) and microneedle therapy system (MTS) on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice.Methods : Six-week old mice were depilated and separated in 4 groups ; CON (saline), MXD (3% Minoxidil), MTS and HRHDT+MTS. The treatments were applied twice a week for 17 days. The hair growth was determined photographically. The hair density, thickness and length were identified by Folliscope and the weights of body and organs were measured. In dorsal skin tissue, the expression of hair growth-related gene and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR. In addition, the hair follicles in the dermis were observed by H&E staining.Results : The promotion of hair growth was observed in HRHDT+MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair density, thickness and length were also improved in HRHDT+MTS and MTS compared to CON. The mRNA expression of IGF-1, PRL and PL and the protein expression of VEGF and IGF-1 were increased in HRHDT+MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair follicles and hair root growth were improved in HRHDT+MTS and MTS compared to CON. In the above results, HRHDT+MTS were more effective than MTS.Conclusions : These results suggest that HRHDT and MTS have a hair growth activity and can be useful for the treatment of alopecia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2005

To study the effects of EF(Eriobotryae Folium) herbal acupuncture on asthma, we injected EF-HAS into Jok-samni(ST36) of C57BL/6 mice Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EF-HA(herbal acupuncture) at ST36 on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). Experimental groups were treated with concentrations(1%) of EF-HA at Jok-samni(ST36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Result : 1. The weight and total cells of lung of the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with that of Control group. 2. Total Leukocytes and Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 4. The concentration of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 in BALF of the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 5. The concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in Serum of the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 6. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+,\;CD3^-/CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with EF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 7. The cytokine's manifestation of mRNA of the mice group treated with EF-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with that of Control group. Conclusion : We conclude that EF-HA is effective on OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mouse.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.72-87
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• 2014

Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) and microneedle therapy system (MTS) on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice. Methods Five-week old mice were depilated and separated in 4 groups ; CON (50% EtOH), MXD (5% Minoxidil), MTS and GLE + MTS. The treatments were applied twice a week for 3 weeks. The hair growth was determined photographically, the hair density, thickness and length were identified by Folliscope and the weights of body and organs were measured. In dorsal skin tissue, the expression of hair growth-related gene and protein was analyzed by RT - PCR or Western blot. In addition, the hair follicles in the dermis were observed by H&E staining. Results The promotion of hair growth was observed in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair density, thickness and length were also improved in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The mRNA expression of TGF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, PRL and PL and the protein expression of VEGF and IGF-1 were increased in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair follicles and hair root growth were improved in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. In the above results, GLE + MTS were more effective than MTS. Conclusions These results suggest that GLE and MTS has a hair growth activity and can be useful for the treatment of alopecia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Objectives : The experiment was performed to investigate promotive effects of haeae-tang (HET) extract, a traditional Korean medicinal recipe, on hair growth, protein and gene expression in hair-removed C57BL/6. Methods : In experiment, animals were divided into 3 groups including normal (vehicle), HET ethanol extract and 5% minoxidil-treated groups (Minoxidil, positive control). The vehicle or testing samples were daily treated with 0.2ml per on hair-shaved dorsal skin of C57BL/6mice for 15 days. Effects of testing samples on hair growth was monitored through phototrichogram analysis by folliscope on the initial, $5^{th}$, $10^{th}$, $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Also, gene and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relevant to hair growth, were examined. Results : Hair density and hair thickness of Minoxidil treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day, respectively. Dorsal hair density of HET treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day. In addition, the Minoxidil group significantly increased the expression of cutaneous IGF-1 protein and mRNA compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. And HET-treated group significantly increased the expression of dorsal VEGF protein compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. Conclusions : These results suggest that this Korean medicinal recipe, HET has promoting activity on hair growth in an Alopecia animal model thus it can be used as a material of agent or products for improvement or prevention of alopecia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

Objectives : Bombyx batryticatus L. is the dried larval form of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) infected by Beauveria bassiania (Bals.) Vuill. It is used as a food and medicinal resource to treat asthma, headaches, epilepsy, and convulsions in traditional Korean and Chinese medicines. However, the research of the toxicity about B. batryticatus is not enough yet. Here, we investigate the effects of potential subacute toxicity following the repeated oral administration of B. batryticatus water extract to C57BL/6 mice, at various doses of 0, 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg/day during a two-week period. Methods : The following parameters were examined during the study period: body weight, gross findings, clinical signs, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and mortality. At the end of the treatment period, all the mice were euthanized. Results : No changes were observed in the body weights, gross findings, clinical signs, organ weights, and mortality after two weeks of administration of the B. batryticatus extract. In addition, compared with the normal control group, no noticeable treatment-related changes were observed in the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters in the treated group following treatment with doses of up to 450 mg/kg/day. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we conclude that the treatment of mice with the water extract of B. batryticatus did not cause considerable C57BL/6 toxicity, and therefore, it could be considered safe for further pharmacological studies.