• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

This study is concerned with the nutritional status of the packed lunch boxes which are brought by the junior high school students in Capital City of Seoul. Four hundred and eights students of the 8 school districts in Seoul had been randomly selected as subjects. The contained nutrients in the packed lunch were analysed by the Food Composition Table. To observe the influence of home economical status and mother's educational level on the nutrient concents of packed lunches, the chosen subjects were classified into three large groupings, which are upper, middle and low classes respectively. In addition, comparison between the Recommended Daily Allowanced for Korean people-13 to 15 age group-and the contained nutrients in the lunch boxed had been conducted. T-test was applied to clarify the significance of the differences between each group both economical and educational level. 1. The averaged rations between the Recommended Daily Allowances and the contained nutrients in the lunches stand: Calorie 59.7% (566 Cal.) protein 53.1% (18g), animal protein 48.6% (5g), fat 39.8% (5g), calcium 371.% (0.1g), ferret 66.4% (2.9g) Vitamin A 642 1.U. (31.3%), Vitamin $B_1$ 70.2% (0.3mg), Vitamin $B_2$ 41.4% (0.2g), Niacin 77.0%(4mg), Vitamin C 51.9% (13mg). All of the nctrients fall far behind the Recommended Daily, Allowances for 13 to 15 age group. 2. Home economical status brings influence on the kinds of foods which could been. Protein, animal protein, fat, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C showed significance of diffierences between the upper and middle classes. Between the middle and low classes, Protein, animal protein, fat, calcium and Vitamin C showed significance of difference. And finally, between the upper and low classes, protein, fat, calcium, ferret, Vitamin $B_2$ and Vitamin C showed a great significance. 3. Regardless to the living conditions of the subject students, all the nutrients of the lunches packed by the mothers in the entire educational levels did not reach the Recommended Daily Allowances. Protein, animal protein, fat, ferret, Vitamin A, and Niacin showed the significance of the differences between the upper and middle classes. On the other hand, calorie, animal protein, fat, Vitamin A and Vitamin C showed the significance between the middle and low classes. Between the upper and the low classes, protein, animal protein, fat, and ferret showed significance. 4. The mairdish-ice of the lunch boxes supplied calorie, protein, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$ and Niacin which stand at 83.8%, 56.1%, 52.5%, and 54.8% respectivly when compared with the whole nutritional contents. 5. The side-dishes of the packed lunch lack in variety of cooking methods. One interesting fact is that entire subject students are very favorable to the food cooked with every kind of grains.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a significant problem in the treatment of colorectal cancer, resulting in low response rates and decreased survival. Recent studies have shown that shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, promotes apoptosis in colon cancer cells and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cells, raising the possibility that this compound may be effective in drug-resistant colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underpinning shikonin-induced apoptosis, with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in a 5-fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C5/5-FUR. Our results showed that shikonin significantly increased the proportion of sub-G₁ cells and DNA fragmentation and that shikonin-induced apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial Ca²⁺ accumulation. Shikonin treatment also increased the expression of ER-related proteins, such as glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), phospho-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), phospho-phosphoinositol-requiring protein-1 (IRE1), spliced X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), cleaved caspase-12, and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CHOP attenuated shikonin-induced apoptosis, as did the ER stress inhibitor TUDCA. These data suggest that ER stress is a key factor mediating the cytotoxic effect of shikonin in SNU-C5/5-FUR cells. Our findings provide an evidence for a mechanism in which ER stress leads to apoptosis in shikonin-treated SNU-C5/5-FUR cells. Our study provides evidence to support further investigations on shikonin as a therapeutic option for 5-fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.591-594
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• 2005

One of the small proteins from Helicobacter pylori, HP1242, was investigated by the solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. HP1242 is known as a 76-residue conserved hypothetical protein and its function cannot be identified based on sequence homology. Here, the results of the backbone $^1H$, $^{15}N$, and $^{13}C$ resonance assignments of the HP1242 are reported using double- and triple-resonance techniques. About 95% of all of the $^1HN$, $^{15}N$, $^{13}CO$, $^{13}C{\alpha}$, and $^{13}C{\beta}$ resonances that cover 75 non- Proline residues of the 76 residues are clarified through sequential- and specific- assignments. In addition, three helical regions were clearly identified on the basis of the resonance assignments.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.541-546
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• 1990

Bacillus sphaericus ts-Dl290 was characterized by SDS-PAGE produced by the mutant at $30^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The total amount of proteins produced by the mutant at $42^{\circ}C$ decreased to one-fifth of those at $30^{\circ}C$; however, when the culture was shifted down from $42^{\circ}C$ after 4 to $30^{\circ}C$, the total amount of protein decreased to one-third and the 221 kd protein did not appear, but the 155 kd appeared remarkably. When the mutant and the wild type strain were cultured in the media containing 80$\mu g$ per ml of chloramphenicol at $42^{\circ}C$, the wild type strain synthesized half amounts of the total proteins than those at $30^{\circ}C$, and the mutant produced one-tenth of the total protein amounts. When the both strains were cultured in the media containing chloramphenicol, the 155 kd protein was produced was produced in lesser amounts than those without chloramphenicol. The 150 kd protein showed lethal activity to Culex pipiens 3rd instar larvae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2011

In neurons, kinesin is the molecular motor that transport cargos along microtubules. KIF5s (alias kinesin-I), are heterotetrameric motor conveying cargos, but the mechanism as to how they recognize and bind to a specific cargos has not yet been completely elucidated. To identify the interaction proteins for KIF5C, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed, and specific interaction with the $\underline{S}$am68-$\underline{l}$ike $\underline{m}$ammalian protein $\underline{2}$ (SLM-2), a member of the $\underline{s}$ignal $\underline{t}$ransducers and $\underline{a}$ctivators of $\underline{R}$NA (STAR) family of RNA processing proteins, was found. SLM-2 bound to the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of KIF5C and to other KIF5 members. The C-terminal domain of Sam68, SLM-1, SLM-2 was essential for interaction with KIF5C in the yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-downs showed that SAM68, SLM-1, and SLM-2 specifically interacted to Kinesin-I complex. An antibody to SAM68 specifically co-immunoprecipitated SAM68 associated with KIF5s and coprecipitated with a specific set of mRNA. These results suggest that Kinesin-I motor protein transports RNA-associated protein complex in cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 1978

1) To study the productivity of single cell protein from the n-paraffin utilizing yeast, 235 yeast strains were isolatea from 90 samples 2) Optimum cell growth temperature of three strains selected was 40~45$^{\circ}C$ and these were identified as Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Torulopsis molischiana. 3) A-28 strain easily assimilated tetradecane, hexadecane and octadecane, but B-8 strain and C-15 strain assimilated more hexadecane than other n-paraffins. 4) Out of the selected three strains, the mass doubling time, specific growth rate and cell yield were 3.4~4.0 hours, 0.170~0.215, 86~98%, respectively. 5) Crude protein, fat, fiber, ash and nitrogen free extract of the selected three strains were found to be 48.2~61.2% 3.7~8.0%, 3.5~4.2%, 5.6~6.7%, 23.5~31.8%, respectively, and thiamine and riboflavin contents of dried yeast cell were 0.78~0.93 mg% and 6.03~7.3 mg%, respectively. 6) Yeast protein contained evenly most of amino acid, but the sulfur-containing amino acids were particularly low.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1999

Three experiments were conducted to develop and test equations for predicting carcass composition. In the first study using 52 d-old Cobb ${\times}$ Cobb male broilers, twenty four carcasses were selected from 325 processed birds based upon visual appraisal for abdominal fat (low, medium, high) and assayed for specific gravity (SG), dry matter (DM), fat, protein, and ash. In experiment 2, 120 birds were fed rations containing 2 caloric densities (2,880 and $3,200kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet) and assayed as described above on weeks 2,3,4,5, and 6. Carcass fat was elevated (p < 0.05) with increased caloric density. In both studies predictive variables were significantly correlated with chemically determined carcass fat, protein, and ash contents. Pooled across the 2 studies, data were used to form SG, DM, and or age based equations for predicting carcass composition. Results were tested in experiment 3, where 576 birds reared to 49-d consumed either 2,880, 3,200, or $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet while exposed to constant $24^{\circ}C$ or cycling 24 to $35^{\circ}C$ ambient temperatures. Both dietary and environmental effects impacted (p < 0.05) carcass composition. The fat content analyzed chemically was enhanced from 12.4 to 15.7%, and predicted fat was also elevated from 13.4 to 14.8% with increasing caloric density. Heat distress reduced (p < 0.05) analyzed carcass protein (18.9 vs 18.3%) and predicted protein (18.2 vs 17.5%). Predicted equation values for carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy were correlated with the chemically analyzed values at r=0.96, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. Results suggest that prediction equations based on DM and SG may be used to estimate carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy contents of broilers consuming diets that differ in caloric density (2,800 to $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$) and for broilers exposed to either constant ($24^{\circ}C$) or cycling high (24 to $35^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures during 49-d rearing period tested in the present study.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and is highly dependent on cellular proteins for viral propagation. Using protein microarray analysis, we identified 90 cellular proteins as HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) interacting partners, and selected telomere length regulation protein (TEN1) for further study. TEN1 forms a heterotrimeric complex with CTC and STN1, which is essential for telomere protection and maintenance. Telomere length decreases in patients with active HCV, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism of telomere length shortening in HCV-associated disease is largely unknown. In the present study, protein interactions between NS5A and TEN1 were confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays. Silencing of TEN1 reduced both viral RNA and protein expression levels of HCV, while ectopic expression of the siRNA-resistant TEN1 recovered the viral protein level, suggesting that TEN1 was specifically required for HCV propagation. Importantly, we found that TEN1 is re-localized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in HCV-infected cells. These data suggest that HCV exploits TEN1 to promote viral propagation and that telomere protection is compromised in HCV-infected cells. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the telomere shortening in HCV-infected cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.556-562
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• 1989

The bioconversion of mandarin orange peel press liquor to single cell protein (SCP) by two yeast strains, F-60, and C-7, which were isolated from mandarin orange peel was carried out and compared with that of using Candida utilis IFO 0598. Experiments were directed toward the high yield of biomass and high protein in cultures of the strains mentioned above. Candida utilis IFO 0598, F-60 and C-7 strains were cultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5.2 for 3 days in shaking flasks. The effects of some nutrients on cell growth were studied. Cell mass and protein content per cell mass were increased by addition of urea 1%, KH$_2$PO$_4$ 0.1% and MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, When the F-60 strain cultured under the optimal conditions, cell mass, growth yield and protein content were 41.2g/l, 53.9%, 59.7%, respectively. Cell mass was also increased up to 15% by modifying the fermentation condition on the bench type 20l jar fermentor. Crude fat content (10.3%) of dried C-7 cell was higher than those of C. utilis and F-60, 4.9% and 5.6% respectively. Total protein content of the F-60 strain was 59.7% per dry weight. And we compared their amino acid compositions with that of FAO provisional pattern. In the case of the F-60 strains, amino acid contents such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine were much higher than those of methionine, cystine and tryptophan.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 1986

The present work aims to estimate the effect of heat treatment on the in vitro protein digestibility and formation of trypsin inhibitor or trypsin indigestible substrate(TIS) of raw and defatted flounder. It was also carried out to assess the formation of lipid-protein complexes under the conditions of different ratio of lipid addition. The in vitro protein digestibility increased when steamed for 5 min showing $88.09\%$ in raw and $90.56\%$ in defatted samples, respectively. After 40 min steaming, the digestibility decreased by $2{\sim}4\%$. As for microwaving, heating for 1 min resulted in slight increase of digestibility, however, heating for 7 min did decrease of digestibility by $3{\sim}4\%$ for both raw and defatted materials. There was no difference in fatty acid composition found with heat treatment. The major fatty acids of flounder meat were $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6}$ and the ratio of the unsaturated to saturated was 67.3:32.6. Fat oxidation and nonenzymatic browning were enhanced by heat treatment and protein solubility decreased necessarily as the brown pigment formation increased. On the other hand, the effects on the digestibility and TIS of the complexes formed from interaction of lipid and myofibrillar or meat protein of flounder were examined. The interaction of protein with lipid was considered to mostly contribute to the drop of digestibility of fish products. The digestibility of myofibrillar protein was $93.72\%$ for flounder, and it generally decreased as the amount of lipid added to protein and reaction time increased. Also mixed and heated samples were more active in digestibility decline than those mixed after heating. The result probably indicated that lipid-protein interaction was involved in the drop of digestibility which coincided with protein denaturation.