• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

In the existing intelligent command control system study, the analysis results of the commander's battlefield situation questions are provided from knowledge-based situation data. Analysis reporters write these results in various expressions of natural language. However, it is important to analyze situations about information and intelligence according to context. Analyzing the battlefield situation using artificial intelligence is necessary. We propose a virtual dataset generation method based on battlefield simulation scenarios in order to provide a dataset necessary for the battlefield situation analysis based on artificial intelligence. Dataset is generated after identifying battlefield knowledge elements in scenarios. When a candidate hypothesis is created, a unit hypothesis is automatically created. By combining unit hypotheses, similar identification hypothesis combinations are generated. An aggregation hypothesis is generated by grouping candidate hypotheses. Dataset generator SW implementation demonstrates that the proposed method can be generated the virtual battlefield situation dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1964

The linear combination of bond orbitals method is used to investigate the reactivity of halomethanes in abstraction reactions by atoms. The activation energy is evaluated on the assumption that, in an activated complex, two electrons in a bond to be broken become completely isolated from the rest of the ${\sigma}$-electron systems. Such a model leads to an intuitively attractive concept that the interactions between the reactive bond and the neighboring bonds govern the reactivity of ${\sigma}$-electron systems. The resulting equation for the activation energy, ${\varepsilon},\;is:\;{\narepsilon}= ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}+$$${\sum}_{i=1}^3$${\eta}c-I,$ c-4 Here, subscript C-4 indicates the bond to be broken, while C-i represents the other three bonds surrounding the reactive bond; ξ is the activation energy of a hypothetical reaction of an isolated C-4 bond and an attacking atom; and ${\eta}$C-i,C-4 stems from the stabilizing interacting of C-4 bond with neighboring C-i bonds. A choie of η′s consistent with bond strength data simplifies the above equation to a form ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}\;+\;N{\eta}c$-H, C-4 where N denotes the number of C-H plus C-F bond in halomethanes. In agreement with this equation, experimental -values increase linearly with increasing N.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.127-136
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• 2006

This paper describes the result of a case study for developing an expert system framework in order to support Korean Army tactical C4I system. Korean Army had developed an expert system, STAFS(Situation & Threat Assessment Fusion Expert System), for supporting field intelligence analysis activities which has been implemented through traditional manual process inside the division level combat briefing room. STAFS, however, has serious limitations for supporting combat commander's decision making processes because of its limited capabilities, since the system had been developed for supporting only intelligence analysis function rather than for integrated combat decision making processes inside the combat briefing room. Thus, this paper proposed an integrated expert system framework for supporting the commander's decision making by addressing various activities implemented in the briefing room.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze actual conditions of the present national defense information network operation, the structure and management of the system, communication lines, security equipments for the lines, the management of network and software, stored data and transferred data and even general vulnerable factors of our army tactical C4I system. Out of them, by carrying out an extensive analysis of the army tactical C4I system, likely to be the core of future information warfare, this study suggested plans adaptive to better information security, based on the vulnerable factors provided. Firstly, by suggesting various information security factor technologies, such as VPN (virtual private network), IPDS (intrusion prevention & detection system) and firewall system against virus and malicious software as well as security operation systems and validation programs, this study provided plans to improve the network, hardware (computer security), communication lines (communication security). Secondly, to prepare against hacking warfare which has been a social issue recently, this study suggested plans to establish countermeasures to increase the efficiency of the army tactical C4I system by investigating possible threats through an analysis of hacking techniques. Thirdly, to establish a more rational and efficient national defense information security system, this study provided a foundation by suggesting several priority factors, such as information security-related institutions and regulations and organization alignment and supplementation. On the basis of the results above, this study came to the following conclusion. To establish a successful information security system, it is essential to compose and operate an efficient 'Integrated Security System' that can detect and promptly cope with intrusion behaviors in real time through various different-type security systems and sustain the component information properly by analyzing intrusion-related information.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.45-58
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• 2023

KVMF(Korean Variable Message Format) 1.0 protocol is the Army's standard tactical datalink protocol that defines standard messages and communication methods to enable data communication between various weapon systems through bitwise variable message processing. The protocol has been applied to a variety of Army weapon systems over the past decade and has contributed to upgrade the Army's operational capabilities by enabling the implementation of Network Centric Warfare (NCW), the core of modern warfare. Since the KVMF 1.0 protocol was applied, new weapon systems with new technologies have been introduced over time, and new weapon systems have new messages based on the characteristics of the weapon system. As a result, compatibility problems arose due to different message versions with existing weapon systems, and it was expected that these problems would continue to emerge in the future, considering the need for continuous message revisions. Therefore, it became necessary to solve this problem, so this paper proposed a KVMF 2.0 protocol design that guarantees compatibility between forward and backward versions. In this paper, we implemented the design as SW, and confirmed that the design worked successfully by test between forward and backward versions on test environment. Therefore, when the KVMF 2.0 protocol design is applied to a weapon system, we can expect that the weapon system can be compatible with the forward and backward versions working with the existing weapon systems as well as with the future weapon systems.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2000

In this paper, interference effects between NGSO and HAPS in the feeder link have been simulated and analyzed by means of calculating excess time percent and duration below the ell protection ratio. As the results, in the case of HAPS interference into NGSO, it can be obtained that the lowest C/I values are 20.42dB in 50km and 12.73dB in 20km of HAPS altitudes, respectively. And in the case of NGSO interference into HAPS, it can be obtained that the lowest ell values are 13.94dB and 10.42dB respectively. HAPS system has more interference reception from other systems or effects more interference into other systems as its altitude is lower. Also, the lowest ell values are appeared at difference time with its altitude.

• Proceedings of the Military Operations Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.93-115
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• 2000

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2023

C4I system is an integrated battlefield information system that automates the five elements of command, control, communications, computers, and information to efficiently manage the battlefield. C4I systems play an important role in collecting and analyzing enemy positions, situations, and operational results to ensure that all services have the same picture in real time and optimize command decisions and mission orders. However, the current C4I has limitations whenever a new weapon system is introduced, as it only provides battlefield visualization in a single area focusing on the battlefield situation for each military service. In a future battlefield that expands not only to land, sea, and air domains but also to cyber and space domains, improved command and control decisions will be possible if organic data from various weapon systems is gathered to quickly visualize the battlefield situation desired by the user. In this study, the visualization technology applicable to the future C4I system is divided into map area, situation map area, and display area. The technological implementation of this future C4I system is based on various data and communication means such as 5G networks, and is expected to enable hyper-connected battlefield visualization that utilizes a variety of high-quality information to enable realistic and efficient battlefield situation awareness.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.56-75
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• 2001

Most O4I Systems are considered as one of the major system in future Information Warfare. However, it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of force improvement when C4I System is used with other weapon systems, quantitatively. In this Paper, we propose a quantitative method to evaluate the force improvement effectiveness of KNTDS(Korea Naval Tactical Data System). This method utilized the Lanchester's equations and its applications. We also showed a numerical example based on a given scenario in a sea battle and the ASP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) Method is applied to verify its results.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2008

This paper describes a development of the operational architecture of a low altitude air defense automation system using a systems engineering approach. The future battlefield is changing to new system of systems that command and control by the network based BM/C4I. Also, it is composed of various sensors and shooters in an single theater. Future threats may be characterized as unmanned mewing bodies that the strategic effect is great such as UAVs, cruise missiles or tactical ballistic missiles. New threats such as low altitude stealth cruise missiles may also appear. The implementation of a low altitude air defense against these future threats is required to complex and integrated approach based on systems engineering. In this view, this work established an operational scenario and derived operational requirements by identifying mission and future operational environments. It is presented the operational architecture of the low altitude air defense automation system by using the CORE 5.0.