• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.527-539
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• 2008

This paper presents a performance estimation technique based on queuing analysis for on-chip bus matrix architectures of Multi-Processor System-on-Chips(MPSoCs). Previous works relying on time-consuming simulation are not able to explore the vast design space to cope with increasing time-to-market pressure. The proposed technique gives accurate estimation results while achieving faster estimation time than cycle -accurate simulation by order of magnitude. We consider the followings for the modeling of practical memory subsystem: (1) the service time with the general distribution instead of the exponential distribution and (2) multiple-outstanding transactions to achieve high performance. The experimental results show that the proposed analysis technique has the accuracy of 94% on average and much shorter runtime ($10^5$ times faster at least) compared to simulation for the various examples: the synthetic traces and real-time application, 4-channel DVR.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2006

E-marketplace is a kind of B2B e-Business system that supports business transactions among companies. If e-marketplace is revitalized, we expect not only the development of related industry but also decrease of transaction cost among companies. It is necessary for the introduction and revitalization of e-marketplace in tourist industry from this point of view. Participants of tour e-marketplace are tour-related companies(travel agencies, lodging enterprises, shipping enterprises, etc.). Also tourists want to search a variety of tour products or contents. So tour e-marketplace has characteristics of B2C e-Business systems as well as B2B e-Business systems at once. The purpose of this study is to classify success factors that determine characteristics of tour e-marketplace through statistics survey from e-marketplace factors related tourism websites. First of all, we analyze success factors of B2B and B2C e-marketplace. Then we will set up influence factors of tour e-marketplace and conduct a survey about success factors of tour e-marketplace. Therefore, we could expect to find these good attributes in tour e-marketplace success through logistic regression and decision tree analysis from source data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 2013

Reputation systems aggregate users' feedback after the completion of a transaction and compute the "reputation" of products, services, or providers, which can assist other users in decision-making in the future. With the rapid growth of online e-Learning content providing services, a suitable reputation system for more credible e-Learning content delivery has become important and is essential if educational content providers are to remain competitive. Most existing reputation systems focus on generating ratings only for user reputation; they fail to consider the reputations of products or services(item reputation). However, it is essential for B2C e-Learning services to have a reliable reputation rating mechanism for items since they offer guidance for decision-making by presenting the ranks or ratings of e-Learning content items. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel collaborative filtering based reputation rating method. Collaborative filtering, one of the most successful recommendation methods, can be used to improve a reputation system. In this method, dual information sources are formed with groups of co-oriented users and expert users and to adapt it to the reputation rating mechanism. We have evaluated its performance experimentally by comparing various reputation systems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.429-455
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• 2013

This paper investigates the extent and scope of electronization of Letter of Credit and examines the obstacles in the course of electronization of Letter of Credit. For this purpose, this paper adopts two track methodologies. First, we study the electronization of Letter of Credit in the macro perspective. It means that we analyze the scope and the extent of electronization of electronic Letter of Credit in the national economy as a whole. Second, we utilize the case study approach to examine the electronization of Letter of Credit in micro perspective. In other words we examine individual commercial banks in Korea. For this purpose, we analyze the data from two commercial banks out of four largest domestic banks in Korea. For example, we select two commercial banks in Korea and ask current status of electronization of Letter of Credit, i.e, the utilization of EDI L/C, e-L/C, and e-B/L. A major finding of our study is that the extent of electronization is not negligible in micro perspective as well as in macro perspective. In micro perspective, two commercial banks utilize EDI letter of credit in a critical sense. On the other hand, they seldom uses e-L/C and e-B/L in international transaction. This study shows that major bottlenecks for the electronization of Letter of Credit are pessimistic perception of SME entrepreneurs toward the electronization of Letter of Credit and the high costs of system building. We conclude that unlike superficial perception, there is a considerable progress toward the electronization of Letter of Credit in micro perspective.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to understand the effects of environmental uncertainty on transaction characteristics, industry factors, and performance in Korean franchising markets. This research tried to investigate both the characteristics of B-to-C service factors and B-to-B industry factors of franchising industry from the perspectives of CLalt, trust, communication, and other important variables. Hypothetical research model was proposed and, by using SPSS and AMOS, research hypotheses and structural equation models were empirically tested and supported. The results showed that environmental uncertainty has negative effects on relationship characteristics and industry characteristics of franchise. Trust showed positive impact on the performance. Managerial implications and limitations of the study results were also discussed. Future research direction was suggested.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-199
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• 2008

A letter of credit transaction of the preexistence have been raising one's head fraud charge problem as a result of abusing the principles of independence and abstraction. Every society has certain rules and conventions which it regards as important and most of people in any society. The paper document means a document in a traditional paper form. The eUCP credit must specify the formats in which electronic records are to be presented. In these present times, the issuance of documentary credit are performed by the SWIFT(Society for Worldwide Inter bank Financial Telecommunication) system. The eUCP have been written to allow for presentation completely electronically or for a mixture of paper documents and electronic presentation. Presentation is deemed not to have been made if the Beneficiary's notice is not received. An electronic record that cannot be authenticated is deemed not to have been presented. The e-UCP is the supplement of current existing UCP but is superior to UCP under some circumstances. The document shall include an electronic record. The place for presentation of electronic records means an electronic address. The current e-UCP is not clear on this matter. We have to note followings in case of presenting the documents electronically and applying the e-UCP. There are three principles in the letter of credit transaction, that is to say, independence and abstraction, document dealing, strict compliance. IN the electronic letter of credit, these principles are called as independence and abstraction, electronic document dealing, strict compliance.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.283-290
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• 2022

Blockchain is a technology that secures integrity and transparency by distributing and storing transaction details within multiple node networks. Recently, research is being conducted to secure integrity by applying blockchain to Bill of Lading (B/L documents) of monetary value. In this paper, we study a blockchain-based bill of lading system to improve usability. The shippers register the issued bill of lading on the blockchain, and banks in each country read it to conduct L/C transactions. The consignees receive the goods after completing certification with a quick response code (QR) containing the bill of lading information. Through this, shippers enjoy merits in that they can shorten the time and cost of sending shipping documents by mail and prove the integrity of the documents. The consignees have the advantage of being able to check the documents at the same time as they are registered and trust the transaction. Finally, on the bank side, the security of shipping documents is ensured and verification can be done quickly.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2021

Stock market investors are generally split into foreign investors, institutional investors, and individual investors. Compared to individual investor groups, professional investor groups such as foreign investors have an advantage in information and financial power and, as a result, foreign investors are known to show good investment performance among market participants. The purpose of this study is to propose an investment strategy that combines investor-specific transaction information and machine learning, and to analyze the portfolio investment performance of the proposed model using actual stock price and investor-specific transaction data. The Korea Exchange offers daily information on the volume of purchase and sale of each investor to securities firms. We developed a data collection program in C# programming language using an API provided by Daishin Securities Cybosplus, and collected 151 out of 200 KOSPI stocks with daily opening price, closing price and investor-specific net purchase data from January 2, 2007 to July 31, 2017. The self-organizing map model is an artificial neural network that performs clustering by unsupervised learning and has been introduced by Teuvo Kohonen since 1984. We implement competition among intra-surface artificial neurons, and all connections are non-recursive artificial neural networks that go from bottom to top. It can also be expanded to multiple layers, although many fault layers are commonly used. Linear functions are used by active functions of artificial nerve cells, and learning rules use Instar rules as well as general competitive learning. The core of the backpropagation model is the model that performs classification by supervised learning as an artificial neural network. We grouped and transformed investor-specific transaction volume data to learn backpropagation models through the self-organizing map model of artificial neural networks. As a result of the estimation of verification data through training, the portfolios were rebalanced monthly. For performance analysis, a passive portfolio was designated and the KOSPI 200 and KOSPI index returns for proxies on market returns were also obtained. Performance analysis was conducted using the equally-weighted portfolio return, compound interest rate, annual return, Maximum Draw Down, standard deviation, and Sharpe Ratio. Buy and hold returns of the top 10 market capitalization stocks are designated as a benchmark. Buy and hold strategy is the best strategy under the efficient market hypothesis. The prediction rate of learning data using backpropagation model was significantly high at 96.61%, while the prediction rate of verification data was also relatively high in the results of the 57.1% verification data. The performance evaluation of self-organizing map grouping can be determined as a result of a backpropagation model. This is because if the grouping results of the self-organizing map model had been poor, the learning results of the backpropagation model would have been poor. In this way, the performance assessment of machine learning is judged to be better learned than previous studies. Our portfolio doubled the return on the benchmark and performed better than the market returns on the KOSPI and KOSPI 200 indexes. In contrast to the benchmark, the MDD and standard deviation for portfolio risk indicators also showed better results. The Sharpe Ratio performed higher than benchmarks and stock market indexes. Through this, we presented the direction of portfolio composition program using machine learning and investor-specific transaction information and showed that it can be used to develop programs for real stock investment. The return is the result of monthly portfolio composition and asset rebalancing to the same proportion. Better outcomes are predicted when forming a monthly portfolio if the system is enforced by rebalancing the suggested stocks continuously without selling and re-buying it. Therefore, real transactions appear to be relevant.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.231-250
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• 2016

The study attempts to consider L/G(Letter of Guarantee) in a different angle, which is internationally used as a way of commercial customs and practices in a case when the consignee wants to receive the goods without the original Bill of Lading, Thus, this study focuses more on verifying the usage of L/G in Mixed Payment System and the range of guarantee responsibility by an issuing bank through case analysis. This case uses a mixed payment method of L/C(Letter of Credit) and T/T(Telegraphic Transfer) in the transaction of goods. The issuing bank of L/C issues L/G with the amount of L/C which is the same as the amount as C/I(Commercial Invoice). However the carrier deliver all goods laden under both L/C and T/T payment with the production of L/G. In this case, because the buyer is unable to pay, the seller makes a claim for damages to the carrier that the carrier delivers the goods to the buyer against L/G. Finally, the judge gives a decision that the issuing bank of L/G should pay the whole amount of the goods. In this case, the main issue of the dispute is the range of guarantee responsibility by the issuing bank of L/G. As a result of the case analysis, the study suggests two counter strategies for smooth utilization in international trade environment. First, in the case of mixed payment system, a seller should issue a commercial invoice separately based on the amount of each settlement plan in order to clarify the liability of guarantee. Second, banks should establish a new form for L/G including a sentence for verifying liabilities of the bank's side in the current form of L/G.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.377-382
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• 2013

A convergence software development methodology based on product line engineering provides an architecture model for application development and it also provides workflow as a behavior specification of control component development to develop transaction centric application. To effect a change on software development based on product line engineering it has to be supported by a tool. But almost workflow modeling tools dose not support product line engineering concept. So we need new workflow modeling tool to support the convergence software development methodology. In this paper, we introduce a toolset for workflow modeling that consists of eclipse plug-in applications and open source tool and describe the relationships of tools through example.