• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.184-184
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• 2011

Using first-principles density-functional calculations, we investigate the chain reaction mechanism of allyl alcohol (ALA) molecules on the H-terminated Si(001)-2${\times}$1 surface. Recently, it was reported [1] that allyl mercaptan (ALM) molecules show a self-directed line growth across the dimer rows through a chain reaction involving several reaction processes: (i) The created radical at the C atom is transferred to the S atom, (ii) the resulting S-centered radical easily abstracts an H atom from the neighboring dimer row, and (iii) the generated S-H group further reacts with the neighboring dimer row to produce the Si-S bond on the neighboring dimer row, accompanying the associative desorption of H2. This H2-desorption process creates a new DB on the neighboring dimer row, setting off the chain reaction across the dimer rows. In the present study, we find that although the structure of ALA with -OH functional is analogous to that of ALM with -SH functional, ALA and ALM lines show a difference in their growth direction. We predict that ALA undergoes the chain reaction to show a line growth along the dimer row, contrasting with the ALM line growth across the Si dimer rows. Our analysis shows that the different growth direction of ALA is due to the strong instability of oxygen radical intermediate, which prevents from growing across the dimer rows. Thus, we demonstrate that the stability of the radical intermediate plays a crucial role in determining the direction of molecular line growth.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.738-748
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• 2008

In this study, it has been investigated on the changing behavior of electrical properties in $ZnO-Bi_2O_3-Sb_2O_3$ (Sb/Bi=2.0, 1.0 and 0.5) ceramics. The samples were prepared by conventional ceramic process, and then characterized by I-V, C-V curve plots, impedance and modulus spectroscopy (IS & MS) measurement. The electrical properties of ZBS systems were strongly dependent on Sb/Bi. In ZBS systems, the varistor characteristics were deteriorated noticeably with increasing Sb/Bi and the donor density and interface state density were increased with increasing Sb/Bi. On the other hand, we observed that the grain boundary reacted actively with the ambient oxygen according to Sb/Bi ratio. Especially the grain boundaries of Sb/Bi=0.5 systems were divided into two types, i.e. sensitive to oxygen and thus electrically active one and electrically inactive intergranular one with temperature. Besides, the increased pyrochlore and $\beta$-spinel phase with Sb/Bi ratio caused the distributional inhomogeneity in the grain boundary barrier height and the temperature instability. To the contrary, the grain boundary layer was relatively homogeneous and more stable to temperature change and kept the system highly nonlinear at high Bi-rich phase contents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1054-1063
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• 2015

Mitochondria play a crucial role in eukaryotic cells; the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as an energy source for numerous critical cellular activities. However, the ETC also generates deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a natural byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation. ROS are considered the major cause of aging because they damage proteins, lipids, and DNA by oxidation. We analyzed the chronological life span, growth phenotype, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular ATP and mitochondrial superoxide levels of 33 single ETC component-deleted strains during the chronological aging process. Among the ETC mutant strains, 14 ($sdh1{\Delta}$, $sdh2{\Delta}$, $sdh4{\Delta}$, $cor1{\Delta}$, $cyt1{\Delta}$, $qcr7{\Delta}$, $qcr8{\Delta}$, $rip1{\Delta}$, $cox6{\Delta}$, $cox7{\Delta}$, $cox9{\Delta}$, $atp4{\Delta}$, $atp7{\Delta}$, and $atp17{\Delta}$) showed a significantly shorter life span. The deleted genes encode important elements of the ETC components succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and some of the deletions lead to structural instability of the membrane-$F_1F_0$-ATP synthase due to mutations in the stator stalk (complex V). These short-lived strains generated higher superoxide levels and produced lower ATP levels without alteration of MMP. In summary, ETC mutations decreased the life span of yeast due to impaired mitochondrial efficiency.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2018

Background: Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma antigen family showing imprinted pattern of expression, has been implicated as causing Prader-Willi symptoms, and known to participate in cellular growth, cellular migration and differentiation. The region where NDN is located has been associated to QTLs affecting reproduction and early growth in cattle, but location and functional analysis of the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Methods: Here we report the sequence variation of the entire coding sequence from 72 samples of cattle, yak, buffalo, goat and sheep, and discuss its variation in Bovidae. Median-joining network analysis was used to analyze the variation found in the species. Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates were determined for the analysis of all the polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis were carried out among the species of Bovidae to reconstruct their relationships. Results: From the phylogenetic analysis with the consensus sequences of the studied Bovidae species, we found that only 11 of the 26 nucleotide changes that differentiate them produced amino acid changes. All the SNPs found in the cattle breeds were novel and showed similar percentages of nucleotides with non-synonymous substitutions at the N-terminal, MHD and C-terminal (12.3, 12.8 and 12.5%, respectively), and were much higher than the percentage of synonymous substitutions (2.5, 2.6 and 4.9%, respectively). Three mutations in cattle and one in sheep, detected in heterozygous individuals were predicted to be deleterious. Additionally, the analysis of the biochemical characteristics in the most common form of the proteins in each species show very little difference in molecular weight, pI, net charge, instability index, aliphatic index and GRAVY (Table 4) in the Bovidae species, except for sheep, which had a higher molecular weight, instability index and GRAVY. Conclusions: There is sufficient variation in this gene within and among the studied species, and because NDN carry key functions in the organism, it can have effects in economically important traits in the production of these species. NDN sequence is phylogenetically informative in this group, thus we propose this gene as a phylogenetic marker to study the evolution and conservation in Bovidae.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 현재까지 연구된 HTSC와 다른 새로운 HTSC 물질군으로 제시된 LSMIO에 대한 합성 및 박막 성장과 물성 측정을 진행하였다. LSMIO는 기존의 HTSC 물질들과 비교하여 초전도처럼 보이는 현상의 기작이 상이한 것으로 예상되어 초전도 현상에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대되는 물질이다. 박막 성장을 위해 고상 합성법을 적용하여 La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_1-xIr_xO₃ 세라믹 타겟을 합성하였으며, XRD 패턴 분석 결과 La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_0.88Ir_0.12O₃ 샘플을 1200℃에서 2회 소결하는 것이 최적의 합성 조건임을 찾아내었다. 해당 조성의 LSMIO 세라믹 타겟을 사용하여 레이저 강도를 0.4 J/cm²에서 1.2 J/cm²까지 조절하며 PLD를 사용해 박막을 증착 하였다. 모든 LSMIO 박막은 동일한 단결정 LSAT 기판 위에 같은 두께로 성장하여 기판과 시료 두께에 의한 효과는 배제하였다. RHEED 패턴과 박막 XRD 측정 결과 성장된 박막들은 epitaxial하게 100 UC로 성장되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 각 박막들은 저항 측정 결과 모체 화합물인 LSMO와 비슷한 저항 특성을 보이며, 레이저 강도가 강할수록 Curie 온도가 낮아지는 결과가 나타났다. LSMIO와 LSMO가 유사한 전기적 특성을 가지는 것을 볼 때, Curie 온도의 하락은 박막의 Sr 치환 비율의 감소에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 HTSC의 후보군인 LSMO에 Ir을 치환하여 결정 및 전자 구조의 다양한 변화 시도하고 그 특성을 관찰하였다. LSMIO 페로브스카이트 시스템에서는 자기 양자불안정 (magnetic quantum instability) 상태 부근에서 강자성요동 (ferromagnetic fluctuation)에 의해 초전도가 발현될 수 있다고 보고되었지만, [5, 14] 본 연구에서 성장된 LSMIO 박막은 일반적인 강자성 특성을 보이며 초전도 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 차후, 아직은 시작 단계인 LSMIO 소재에 관한 연구 저변을 확대하고 다양한 조성비의 박막을 성장하여 물리적 특성과 근원에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 비록 초전도는 발현되지 않았지만 manganite 페로브스카이트 시스템에서 전이금속 원소의 치환 및 세라믹 타겟 합성, 그리고 박막 성장과 특성 분석에 걸친 전과정에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 바탕으로 차후 다양한 HTSC 소재의 합성 및 박막화와 그 특성을 평가하는 연구에 대한 통찰을 제공하기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2011

The instability of hirsutenone (HST), a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and ovarian carcinoma, is one of the main concerns for the development of drug product. In the present study, aqueous stability of HST was investigated by kinetic analysis, and the effect of several factors covering temperature, nitrogen gas ($N_2$) flushing, and selection of proper antioxidant was compared. Cosolvent system composed of distilled water and methanol (9:1 v/v) was used as a vehicle to dissolve HST at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Samples of aqueous solution were prepared under the absence or presence of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid (AA), sodium edetate (EDTA), and ascorbyl palmitate (AP), and subjected for stability test. The degradation of HST in aqueous solution was followed by the first order kinetics with an extremely short half life of less than a week at room temperature, and was accelerated as the temperature increased. $N_2$ flushing brought a little enhancement in stability compared to control solution, but the effect was insufficient. The addition of AA and EDTA (0.1%) significantly enhanced the stability of HST at $40^{\circ}C$, but the addition of AP (0.01%) was limited due to its water insolubility and revealed no promising result. The stability of HST was increased proportionally by the amount of AA added, showing the difference in degree of stabilization as an order of magnitude. Finally, we conclude that HST was stabilized by the addition of a suitable antioxidant, suggesting AA as the most effective stabilizer.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

Pexa-Vec (JX-594)은 암특이적 암용해 면역치료제인 백시니아 바이러스이다. 본 연구의 목적은 Pexa-Vec의 안정성을 극대화하기 위한 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 단기안정성 실험에서 바이러스의 활성은 4℃와 실온에서 감소하였으나, 초음파처리와 회전처리로 완전히 회복되었다. Pexa-Vec의 장기안정성 시험은 (A) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, (B) 30 mM Tris/pH 8.6, (C) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 15% sucrose, (D) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, 15% sucrose, (E) 30 mM Tris/pH 8.6, 15% sucrose 조건 하에서 수행하였다. 제형 A는 4℃에서 4-8주 후, 실온에서 1주일 후에 2로그 이하로 바이러스활성이 감소되었다. 반면 제형 B의 경우 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스 활성이3일 후 감소되는 것으로 관찰되어 중성 산도가 바이러스 안정성을 유지하는데 필수적이다. 제형A에 15%의 슈크로즈 수크로오스를 추가했을 때(제형D), −20℃, 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스성 안정성이 크게 증가 하였고, 제형 E (pH 7.6)에서 다시 한번 확인되었다. 제형 D (pH 7.6)에 150 mM 염화나트륨을 추가한 제형 C에서 바이러스 안전성을 증가시키는 슈크로즈 수크로오스 효과를 더욱 향상시켜, 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스 활성이 각각 1.5년과 1-2주 동안 유지되는 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 우리는 제형C가 항암 백시니아 바이러스를 적절히 저장하기 위한 충분한 조건을 제공할 수 있다고 제안한다.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2012

Extreme heavy snowfall episodes have been investigated in case of accumulated snowfall amount larger than 50 cm during the past ten years, in order to understand the association of low-level stability with heavy snowfall in the Yeongdong region. In general, the selected 4 events have similar synoptic setting such as the Siberian High extended to East Sea along with the Low passing by the southern Korean Peninsula, eventually inducing easterly in the Yeongdong region. Specifically moist-adiabatically neutral layer has been observed during the heavy snowfall period, which was easily identified using vertical profiles of equivalent potential temperature observed at Sokcho, whereas convective unstable layer has been formed over the East sea due to relatively warm sea surface temperature (SST) about $8{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ and lower temperature around 1~2 km above the surface, obtained from RDAPS. Difference of equivalent potential temperature between 850 hPa and surface as well as difference between air and sea temperatures altogether gradually increased before the snowfall period. Instability-induced moisture supply to the atmosphere from the East sea, being cooled and saturated by the upper cold surge, would make low-level ice cloud, and eventually move inland by the easterly flow. Heavy snowfall will be enhanced in association with low-level convergence by surface friction and upslope wind against Taebaek mountains. This study emphasizes the importance of low level stability in the Yeongdong region using the radiosonde sounding and RDAPS data, which should quantitatively be examined through numerical model as well as heat and moisture supply from the ocean.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2013

In the specimen of free PSA in the low concentration, the result in % bias from our institution and comparable evaluation institution was -33.7% which is exceeded % bias ${\pm}20%$ ; however, it was the domestically allowable limit recommended by the laboratory accreditation commission for specimen at the low concentration. In this paper, the cause was accredited by instability of free PSA substance within the specimen, and the specimen stability test was performed according to CLSI documents GP29-A2. After the low and high concentration specimen were made, and rapidly cooled down in a deep freezer with $-30^{\circ}C$, serum of two concentrations was measured for 10 consecutive days with 3 times a day by Architect i2000 and observed a change in the mean value. As the results of two groups, there were changes in the established target value, and a change level was evaluated by calculating it with % bias. The low concentration specimen had no significant reduction until the 4 day lapse in cold storage. However, % bias were reduced by -17.5% from the 5 day lapse, by 21.5% after the 7 day lapse, and by -26.9% after the 9 day lapse. The frozen specimen had only intra-day variation for 10 days. In the high concentration specimen, bias began to show as -12.2% from the 3 day lapse in cold storage. There was reduction by -28.9% from the 5 day lapse, by -39% after the 7 day lapse, and by -42.9% after the 9 day lapse. In the frozen specimen, there was only intra-day variation like the low concentration specimen in cold storage.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.975-984
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• 2018

급속열분해 바이오오일은 사용 용도를 제한하는 바람직하지 않은 많은 특성을 가지고 있다. 낮은 산도, 불안정성, 수분과 산소 함량, 식성 증가, 저장동안에 중합 및 낮은 발열량이 적용을 제한하는 주요 특징이다. 에스터 반응을 이용한 공비 수분 제거는 이 모든 특성을 개선할수 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이오오일의 특성 변화를 알아보기 위하여 0.3~1.4 mm 크기의 신갈나무 시료 500 g을 $550^{\circ}C$에서 2초 동안 급속열분해하여 바이오오일을 제조하였다. 제조된 바이오오일을 감압(100 hPa) 조건에서 30 min 동안 비휘발성 알콜인 n-butanol 처리하였다. 제조 오일의 수분, 점도, 고위발열량, 산도, FT-IR 및 GC/MS을 분석하였다. 수분은 91.4 % 감소(from 31.5 % to below 2.7 %), 점도는 65.8 % 감소(from 36.5 to 12.5 cP), 발열량은 96.8 % 증가(from 3,918 to 7,712 kcal/kg), 산도는 1.3 증가했다(from 2.7 to 4.0). FT-IR 및 GC/MS 분석결과 불안정한 산성물질, 알데히드, 케톤 및 저급 알콜이 안정된 목표 물질로 변환한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 실험 수행 과정에서 급속열분해 바이오오일의 수분 함량이 상당히 감소했다. 이렇게 개선된 품질 개선된 급속열분해 바이오오일은 표준보일러와 열병합발전소(CHP)의 연료로 이용이 가능하다.