• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of nicotine on the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells in mice testis. A different amount of nicotine (2～15 mg/kg, for two weeks, one dose of 100 mg/kg) were administered to four-month male mice, and then the optical microscopic findings of its effect on testis of the mice are as follows: 1. The group that 2 mg/kg of nicotine was administered showed normal findings that nucleus and cytoplasm of Leydig cells are distinct, while the other group that 5 mg/kg of nicotine was given to showed nucleus and cytoplasm are swollen and thickened a little, and slightly dyed. 2. The group that 10 mg/kg of nicotine was given had irregular arrangement of spermatogenesis inside seminiferous tubules so it was impossible to distinguish phages of seminiferous tubules. It was also impossible to observe cells due to fusion of their nucleuses, and distinct cytoplasm. 3. The group that 15 mg/kg of nicotine was administered showed destruction of nucleuses and cytoplasm of spermatocytes and sperms and a fill of fibered connective tissues so that it is impossible to observe rumens of seminiferous tubules.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.443-448
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• 1996

In order to investigate the function of xylA promoter(Pxyl) as regulatory region Pxyl-lacZ fusion gene was constructed by the insertion of xylA promoter to the multiple cloning site of upstream of lacZ gene in a multicopy numbered plasmid pMC1403 containing promoterless lac operon, which was designated pMCX191, and Pxyl-lacZ fragment from pMCX191 was inserted to low copy numbered plasmid pLG339, designated pLGX191. The expressions of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ in these recombinant plasmids containing Pxyl-lacZ fusion gene were induced strongly by the addition of xylose, repressed by the addition of 0.2% glucose in the presence of xylose. The catabolite repressions were derepressed by the addition of 1 mM cAMP as same as native xylA gene. The fragment of xylA promoter was partially deleted from the upstream of xylA promoter by exonuclease III to investigate the regulation site of xylA promoter and the degrees of deletion derivatives of xylA promoter were analyzed by the DNA base sequencing. By the investigations of the induction by xylose, repression by glucose and derepression by cAMP on xylose isomerase production, the regulation site of xylA promoter may be located in segment between -165 and -59 bp upstream from the initiation site of xylA translation.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

PLA/LPCL/HPCL blends composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), low molecular weight poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (LPCL), and high molecular weight poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (HPCL) were prepared by melt blending for bioabsorbable fila-ment sutures. The effects of blend composition and blending time on the ester interchange reaction by alcoholysis in the PLA/LPCL/HPCL blends were studied. Their thermal properties and the miscibility due to the ester interchange reaction were investigated by $^1{H-NMR}$, DSC, X-ray, and UTM analyses. The hydroxyl group contents of LPCL in the blends decreafed by the ester interchange reaction due to alcoholysis. Thus, the copolymer was formed by the ester interchange reaction at $200^{\circ}C$ for 30-60 minutes. The thermal properties of PLA/LPCL/HPCL blends such as melting temperature and heat of fusion decreased with increasing ester interchange reaction levels. However, the miscibility among the three poly-mers was improved greatly by ester interchange reaction. Tensile strength and modulus of PLA/LPCL/HPCL blend fibers increased with increasing HPCL content, while the elongation at break of the blend fibers increased with increasing LPCL content.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.687-696
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• 2010

In this study, FDD algorithm was developed using the normalized distance method and general pattern classifier method that can be applied to constant air volume air handling unit(CAV AHU) system. The simulation model using TRNSYS and EES was developed in order to obtain characteristic data of CAV AHU system under the normal and the faulty operation. Sensitivity analysis of fault detection was carried out with respect to fault progress. When differential pressure of mixed air filter increased by more than about 105 pascal, FDD algorithm was able to detect the fault. The return air temperature is very important measurement parameter controlling cooling capacity. Therefore, it is important to detect measurement error of the return air temperature. Measurement error of the return air temperature sensor can be detected at below $1.2^{\circ}C$ by FDD algorithm. FDD algorithm developed in this study was found to indicate each failure modes accurately.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1591-1595
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• 2012

We previously isolated a novel compound, HY251, with the molecular structure of 3-propyl-2-vinyl-1,2,3,3a,3b,6,7,7a,8,8a-decahydrocyclopenta[a]indene-3,3a,7a,8a-tetraol from the roots of Aralia continentalis. The current study was designed to evaluate the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptotic induction by HY251 in human ovarian cancer PA-1 cells. TUNEL assay and Western blot analyses revealed an appreciable apoptotic induction in PA-1 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ of HY251 for 24 h. This apoptotic induction was associated with caspase-8-dependent Bid cleavage, which in turn resulted in the formation of pro-apoptotic truncated Bid (tBid), and activation of caspase-9 and -3, as well as the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, we found that this death event was also associated with the significant up-regulation and activation of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein through phosphorylation at Ser15. Therefore, we suggest that HY251 may be a potent cancer chemotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2003

The standard protocol for the production of transgenic mouse from ES-injected embryo has to process via chimera producing and several times breeding steps, In contrast, tetraploid-ES cell complementation method allows the immediate generation of targeted murine mutants from genetically modified ES cell clones. The advantage of this advanced technique is a simple and efficient without chimeric intermediates. Recently, this method has been significantly improved through the discovery that ES cells derived from hybrid strains support the development of viable ES mice more efficiently than inbred ES cells do. Therefore, the objective of this study was to generate transgenic mice overexpressing human resistin gene by using tetrapioid-ES cell complementation method. Human resistin gene was amplified from human fetal liver cDNA library by PCR and cloned into pCR 2.1 TOPO T-vector and constructed in pCMV-Tag4C vector. Human resistin mammalian expression plasmid was transfected into D3-GL ES cells by lipofectamine 2000, and then after 8~10 days of transfection, the human resistin-expressing cells were selected with G418. In order to produce tetraploid embryos, blastomeres of diploid embryos at the two-cell stage were fused with two times of electric pulse using 60 V 30 $\mu$sec. (fusion rate : 93.5%) and cultured upto the blastocyst stage (development rate : 94.6%). The 15~20 previously G418-selected ES cells were injected into tetraploid blastocysts, and then transferred into the uterus of E2.5d pseudopregnant recipient mice. To investigate the gestation progress, two El9.5d fetus were recovered by Casarean section and one fetus was confirmed to contain human resistin gene by genomic DNA-PCR. Therefore, this finding demonstrates that tetraploid-ES mouse technology can be considered as a useful tool to produce transgenic mouse for the rapid analysis of gene function in vivo.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.706-713
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• 2011

The effects of silica-alumina type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The silica-alumina type compounds tested were kaolinite, bentonite, perlite, activated clay and clay. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of 300~$400^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of 425~$525^{\circ}C$. The silica-alumina type catalysts did not affect the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of kaolinite and bentonite catalysts reduced the heat of fusion and heat of 2nd pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of silica-alumina type catalysts enhanced the yield of fuel oil, and affected to the distribution of carbon numbers. In the silica-alumina type inorganic material used in this experiments, bentonite was the most effective from the pyrolysis heat, yields, and the characteristics of fuel oil.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2016

A small plasmid (pDK4) from the Antarctic marine organism Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 21150, was purified, sequenced and analyzed. pDK4 was determined to be 3,480 bp in length with a G+C content of 41.64% and contains three open reading frames encoding a replication initiation protein (RepA), a conjugative mobilization protein (Mob) and a hypothetical protein. PCR-amplified pDK4 was cloned in high-copy pUC19 to yield the fusion vector pDOC153. The chloramphenicol resistance gene was inserted into pDOC153 to give an ampicillin and chloramphenicol-resistant, Pseudoalteromonas - Escherichia coli shuttle vector (7,216 bp; pDOC155). The TonB-dependent receptor (chi22718_IV ) and exochitinase (chi22718_III ) genes from Arctic marine P. issachenkonii PAMC 22718 were cloned into pDOC155 to produce pDOC158 and pDOC165, respectively. Both vector derivatives were transferred into plasmid-free Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137 by the triparental mating method. PCR experiments showed that the genes were stably maintained both in Pseudoalteromonas sp. PAMC 22137 and E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ cells, indicating the potential use of pDOC155 as a new gene transfer system into marine Pseudoalteromonas spp.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.19-22
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• 2019

CATCH 22 syndrome is rare genetic disease that has various manifestations. Cervical vertebral anomaly, such as Klippel-Feil anomaly, is frequently observed in the patients with CATCH22 syndrome. We present the case of an 11-year-old female patient with CATCH22 syndrome and Klippel-Feil anomaly who had been treated torticollis using the customized soft neck collar. During the patient's first visit to our clinic, she presented with low ear set, skull deformity, intellectual disability, and tilting of the head to the left by approximately 25 degrees. Imaging studies revealed multisegmental fusion and C3 hemivertebrae of the cervical spine and left thoracic scoliosis at T4 with 50 degrees of Cobb's angle. We instructed passive stretching and applied the customized soft neck collar we invented. The ipsilateral aspect of the neck collar is designed to provide vertical support between the clavicle and mandibular angle and is adjustable in height. The Velcro was attached to the neck collar at the point of contact with the ipsilesional mandibular angle, which provides negative sensory feedback, inducing her to tilt neck to the contralesional side. We applied the neck collar for 2 hours a day. After 1 year of treatment, her neck inclination angle improved from 25 to 10 degrees. Providing negative sensory feedback using the customized soft neck collar can be one of the treatment options of postural management in patients with torticollis in cases of CATCH 22 syndrome combined with Klippel-Feil anomaly.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study was to understand the pathogenesis of infections in piglets inoculated with C parvum isolated from mice alone and combined with porcine rotavirus (S-80). Thirteen 10-day piglets were divided in four groups; Three, A group, were only given by C parvum. Four, B group, were orally administrated with firstly porcine rotavirus and then C patvum. Three, C group, were orally inoculated with porcine rotavirus alone. The rest, D group, were used as controls. During the experiment, there were daily recorded clinical signs including diarrhea to each pig. According to the periodic intervals for necropsy, all pigs were sacrificed from 4 to 12 days after the final inoculation of C parvum. Location and distribution of two pathogens, C parvum and rotavirus, in the intestinal mucosa of piglets tested were examined by pathological and immunohistological means. In addition, parasitological test using the feces of piglets was applied for the detection of cryptosporidial oocysts as well. A group showed diarrhea from 4 to 6 days post-inoculation(PI) and also discharged C parvum oocysts in feces during the day 4 to 7 PI. In tissue sections of jejunum and ileum, cryptosporidial oocysts were observed a few on the top of villi with slightly fusion. B group represented sign of diarrhea and discharge of oocysts from 2 to 11 days PI. There were some cryptosporidial oocysts both in the jejunal lumen and in the lumen of mucosal glands. As progressed, oocysts were most commonly distributed on the tip of villi of jejunum. Histopathologically there were also mild to moderately fused, attenuated focal desquamated, congested villi and mononuclear cell infiltration of varying degrees in the lamina propria of small intestine and colon at the day 4 and 7 PI. C group showed slightly to mildly attenuated and fused top of villi and mildly mucosal congestion. D group as controls was grossly and histopathologically normal in all parts of intestine. The present results indicate that the piglets inoculated with C parvum only are certainly milder in pathogenesis including duration of clinical course and severity of lesion than those in piglets concurrently infected with porcine rotavirus and C parvum. Also the strain (VRI-CN91) of C parvum used in the study has very low pathogenicity to occur enteritis of piglets.