• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.59-64
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• 1990

Wild plants which have potential availability as pasture plants were collected from around Kyungpook province. Plants collected were cultivated in the university farm and their characteristics were investigated and recorded. Seeds of pasture plant resources collected were selected, weighed for 1,000 grains, packaged and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Species of collected were as follows. Gramineous plants are Cymbopogon totilis var, goeringii Hand Mazz, Pennisetum akioecyriudes L., Dactylis glomerata L., Agropyron tsukushience var transiens Ohwi, Arundinella hirta Tanaka, Themeda triandra var., japonica Makino, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Setaria virides L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Imperata cylindrica var. Koenigii Retz, Cynodon dactylon Pers, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea Wight, and Avena fatua L., and leguminous plants are Vicia angustrifolia var. segetilis Koch, Kummerowia stipulacea Makino, Kummerowia striata Schindl, Trifolium repens L., Melilotus officinalish L., and Astragalus sinicus L..

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 1991

The allelopathic effects of rice and barley straws on lettuce germination and weed growth were investigated. The grinded straw of rice significantly inhibited lettuce germination. Both rice and barley straws decreased weed growth when they were used as a mulch in the field. Rice straw mulch applied with 500g/$m^2$ and 700g/$m^2$ decreased dry weight of Alopecurus aequalis more than 35%. Barley straw mulch applied with 200 g/$m^2$ inhibited dry weight of Echinochloa curs-galli and Digitaris sanguinalis, while the straw applied with 300 g/$m^2$ decreased those by 97%.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted to characterize the weed flora in protected semi-irrigated rice seedbeds. There are 22 species in 16 genera and 12 families, consisting of 13 annual and 9 perennial weeds in protected semi-irrigated rice seedbed in Jeonbug province. The highest frequency was obtained with Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv., Cyperus difformis L., Eleocharis acicularis Rome et Schult, and Monochoria vaginalis Presl. Sites showing Simpson's index ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 reached 82% and 89% of all sites studied in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Dominant weed species were E. crus-galli and C. difformis in both years studied and the community dominance has changed from 0.67 in 1983 to 0.61 in 1984.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.415-427
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the distribution of associative nitrogen fixers, Azospirillum spp. and their nitrogenase activities measured by ARA in the rhizosphers of rice, soybean, and weed grown in the rice paddy field at ear formation stage of rice. Nitrogenase activities produced by Azospirillum spp. enriched from histophere ranged from 16 to 53 n mole/tube/hr.. High nitrogen fixing activities more than 30 n mole/tube/hr. were observed in the histophere of the Echinochloa crus-galli L., Finbristylis miliacea L., and Monochoria vaginalis var.. Nitrogen fixing activities of Azospirillum spp. obtained from single colonies which originated from the rhizoplane of rice (pot-kwang var.), Finbris tylis miliacea L., Monochoria vaginaliz var., Glycine max L. were higher over 100 n mole/tube/hr. than those histophere. Genus of Azopsirillum isoltated from roots of the Graminease (Oriza sativa L., $C_3$-plant, Echinochloa crus=galli L., $C_4$-plant, Cyperus difforuis L.. $C_4$-plant), and Aeschynomene indica L. (Leguminosae, $C_3$-plant) was identified as A. brasilense. However, both strains, A. lipoferum and A. brasilense ($nir^-$ or $nir^+$ strain) were isolated from other plant roots, Both $nir^-$ and $nir^+$ strains of A. brasilense were associated with the same host plant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 1996

Azimsulfuron [1H-pyrazole-5-sulfonamide,N-(((4,6-dimethoxy-pyridine-2-yl-aminocarbonyl-4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazole-5-yl)] is a new sulfonamide herbicide that selectively controls a wide range of weeds in lowland rice (Oryza sativa). It effectively controlled Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, S. trifolia, and Scirpus juncoides at 7.5 - 30 g ai/ha. In the tolerance test on grasses carried out in a nutrient solution containing 0.3 - 30 ppm of azimsulfuron, greater inhibition occurred in roots of both rice and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus galli) than in shoots. However, rice root was approximately 5-fold more tolerant than that of barnyardgrass. The downward movements as determined by 50% growth inhibition of S. juncoides were 4-cm in clay loam and 6.5-cm in sandy loam soil with 3-cm/day leaching for 3 days. When incubated at 20 and $30^{\circ}C$, the residual effect in clay loam soil lasted for 30 and 21 days, respectively. In a soil column applied at 15 g ai/ha of azimsulfuron followed by 3-cm/day leaching for 3 days, dry weights of S. trifolia emerging at 5, 10, and 15-cm depth were reduced to 87, 85, and 79% of the corresponding untreated control, respectively. Susceptibility of S. trifolia to azimsulfuron did not greatly vary with the emergence depth.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

An isolate of the indigenous fungus Pythium myriotylum was isolated from Monochoria vaginalis in Yusung, Korea in year 2000 and evaluated potential as a biocontrol agent in laboratory and greenhouse. P. myriotylum MD2 grew in a wide range of temperature regimes and the optimal growth temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. The fungus was highly pathogenic to Monochoria vaginalis at 30 to $35^{\circ}C$. Several weeds such as Rotala, indica, Lindernia procumbens, Ludwigia prostrata, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides, Aneilema keisak were also susceptible to the fungus, but Echinochloa crus-galli was not. The fungus affected the growth of rice seed germinated, but not to rice seedlings of 1- to 3-leaf stage. A total of 12 rice cultivars (3- to 4-leaf stage) tested showed no disease symptoms when inoculated with the fungus. Eleven crops, including Chinese cabbage, corn, soybean except wheat were immune to the infection of the fungi. These data suggest that P. myriotylum MD2 has a potential as a mycoherbicide to control weeds in paddy fields.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.176-187
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• 2015

The weed flora in the Codonopsis lanceolata upland fields were surveyed in Hoengseong and Jeju in May, August, and October of 2014. The objectives of this study were to use the survey data for establishing weed control methods and to bring awareness of possible problematic weeds occurred in C. lanceolata upland fields in Korea. Altogether 207 weed species of 47 families were identified, of which 87 were annual, 47 species were biennial and 73 were perennial. Based on the morphological characteristic of the leaves, 182 species were broad leaves, 18 species were grasses, and 7 species were sedges. The dominance was highest in the Artemisia princeps followed by Digitaria ciliaris, Commelina communis, Persicaria longiseta and Echinochloa crus-galli etc. Fifty-nine species were exotic weeds with 29% of a total presence, of which Erigeron annuus was highest, followed by Crassocephalum crepidioides, Bidens frondosa, Hypochaeris radicata etc. In the PCA plot, weeds presented in the C. lanceolata upland fields of Hoengseong were divided into three groups, E. annuus, Sigesbeckia pubescence and C. communis communities and those of Jeju were divided into four groups, C. crepidioides-Cyperus iria, Spergula arvensis, Poa annua and Youngia japonica communities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

Background : We studied the anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Spiraea fritschiana Schneid extract (SFSE). Methods and Results : The SFSE was prepared using methanol and was evaluated for its total phenol and flavonoid content, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and effect on nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell viability by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total phenol content was $212.78{\mu}g{\cdot}galli$c acid equivalent (GAE)/mg and the total flavonoid content was $66.84{\mu}g{\cdot}quercetin$ equivalent (QE)/mg. The extract showed antioxidant activity (DPPH free-radical scavenging activity) with $RC_{50}$ value of $76.61{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The reducing power of the extract was Abs 0.58 at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Cell viability was determined using the MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, we examined the inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The NO inhibition rate was 90% at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SFSE. At the same concentration, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 also decreased. Conclusions : Our results suggest that SFSE is a novel resource for the development of foods and drugs that possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Small wetlands in an upland matrix can support diverse vegetation composition that increase both local and regional species richness. In this study we characterize the full range of wetland vegetation in an upland forest landscape at Dumyeong-ri, Gijang-gun, Busan. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed. Classified community types were used to describe vegetation at three wetlands and adjacent areas. The communities contained 28 species of vascular plants and 28 species were identified four plant community types. The Pinus densiflora type was dominated by Pinus densiflora and contained only four species. None of the plots had high proportion of standing water. The Carpinus laxiflora type had high obligate upland species (OU) and facultative upland species (FU). The Rhododendron mucronulatum type grew in over half of the plots included Pinus densiflora and Alnus japonica. Some species bother swampy areas adjacent to site C. The Miscanthus sacchariflorus type consisted of seasonal wetlands. The three sites contained nine species with the strongest indicator species being Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Miscanthus sinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Sagittaria aginashi. This type had the highest proportions of obligate wetland species. Plant species richness averaged 5.069. Shannon-Weaver index of diversity also varied among the community types (F=22.7, df=4, 115), with the types FU having significantly higher value (2.746) than the others (1.057 for type FW and 1.600 for type OU). Regional plans including all of the diverse types of wetland vegetation in upland forests will contribute substantially to the conservation of plant diversity.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.214-224
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop labor and chemical cultural practice improvement for weed control in ginseng field. Five crop species were screened in vitro and three crop extracts were sprayed in the test allelopathic effect for weed species. Methyl alcohol extracts of rice, oat, rye and wheat straw showed inhibitory effect on the germination of six weed species, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Arthraxon hispidus, Digitaria adscendens, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria viridis. Especially, extract of oat straw was most effective to inhibit the germination of six weed species tested. Also, spraying the extract solution of rice, rye and wheat straw was effective to inhibit the growth of weeds in ginseng field. Ginseng root length, diameter, fresh and dry weight in extract spraying plot were higher than those of non-treatment plot.