• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2011

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus pulmonarius (an edible fungus) was used as soil conditioner for the improvement of growth of four common Nigerian vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Lycopersicum esculentum, Capsicum annum and Capsicum chinense). The results of these investigations showed that the vegetables responded well to the SMC treatment. Each of them attained its best growth and gave the highest number of flowers and fruits when planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. The control experiment that has the seedlings of the vegetables planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil only, without the application of SMC, showed stunted and poor growth, with few or no flower and fruit production. A. esculentus was the best utilizer of iron utilizing 118.0 mg/kg in the SMC used. Similarly; this vegetable utilized 1.48 mg/kg of nitrogen in the SMC. The highest height in each vegetable was attained with 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. At 9 wk, A. esculentus has the mean height of 85.0 cm while these values significantly increased to 100.00 cm at 14 wk ($p{\leq}0.05$). At 9 wk, L. esculentum has the highest mean height of 65.00 cm which increased to 71.00 cm after 14 wk. It was also observed that A. esculentus has the highest mean number of fruits (9.00), followed in order by C. chinense (8.00) and L. esculentum (7.00) ($p{\leq}0.05$) while, C. annum produced the least mean number of fruits (5.00). No fruits production was seen in the control experiments. The results of these findings were discussed in relation to the usage of SMC as possible organic fertilizer for the improvement of growth of vegetables in Nigeria.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.832-839
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• 2006

Kugija was added to Nabak kimchi to improve the quality and preservation and the optimum addition level was assessed. Kugija extract was prepared by boiling kugija fruits, at different ratios (0, 1, 3, 5, 7%; w/v) in water for 30 minutes. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the Nabak kimchi were measured during storage for 25 days at 10?, and compared to a control (without kugija). The pH was decreased in all treatments. Following the fermentation of Nabak kimchi, the total acidity values were inversely proportional the pH changes according to the nature of mutual dependence. However, in short term, during the initial 7 days of fermentation, the total acidity values decreased with increasing concentrations of kugija extract, whereas the trend was reversed after day 10. Total vitamin C content was directly proportional to the concentration of kugija extract and was decreased with the laps of fermentation. Up to day 25, 7% treatment showed the highest vitamin C content, but at 25 days 1% and 3% treatments ranked the first. The mont of reducing sugar was proportional to the concentration of kugija extract however, the difference of values between all treatments became almost indiscernible after day 25. Turbidity values were generally increased in all samples during fermentation period, although only to a limited extent. The lowest turbidity was shown at 3% treatment up to day 16. Total color difference values were increased up to day 16, but then decreased. The optimum level of kugija extract in Nabak kimchi, as determined through these experiments, was between 1 to 3% per added water content, and was preferably 3% for color and fermentation-retarding effect of the product. Kugija extract could be applied for improving the quality and preservation of traditionally prepared Nabak kimchi.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-11
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• 1995

최근(最近) 재배(栽培) 면적(面積)과 수요(需要)가 급증(急增)되고 있는 구기자(拘杞子) 재배시(栽培時) 치명적(致命的) 피해(被害)를 주는 구기자(拘杞子) 탄저병(炭疽病)에 대한 약제(藥劑) 시험(試驗) 결과(結果) 1. 탄저병(炭疽病) 발병(發病) 시간(時間)는 7월 중순(中旬)과 8월 중순이 가장 심(甚) 하였으며 평균온도(平均溫度) $25^{\circ}C$ 전후(前後)의 조건하(條件下)에서 발병율(發病率)이 가장 높았다. 2. 운곡면(雲谷面)과 대치면(大?面) 모두 프로피 수화제의 방제가(防除價)가 81.5%와 93.4%를 나타내어 약효(藥效)가 가장 우수(優秀)하였다. 3. 디치돈 수화제와 프로피 수화제 모두 기준량(基準量)과 배양(倍量) 공히 약해(藥害)가 발생(發生)하지 않았다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

A fungus, Colletotrichum fioriniae, was isolated for the first time from fruits of Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) in Korea. It was classified as C. fioriniae based on the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and ${\beta}-tubulin$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae causing anthracnose of Chinese matrimony vine in Korea.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2018

Schisandra chinensis (SC) and Lycium chinense (LC) were widely distributed in Asia and the fruit has been used traditionally for medicinal herbs. The processing method was solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus oryzae for 48 h after stir-frying treatment at $220^{\circ}C$ for 12 min. In this study, in vitro the anti-inflammatory effect and in vivo hangover reduction were compared to unprocessed SC and LC water extract. Anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in pro-inflammatory mediators which were secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) was determined using Griess reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were compared to processed SC or LC and mixtures thereof (1:1). In vivo study was compared to hangover relief in alcohol-fed mice. After administering a mixture of SC and LC (300 mg/kg) water extract (1:1), mice were fed 3 g/kg of ethanol. Serum was collected at 1, 3, and 5 h intervals to analyze ethanol and acetaldehyde levels using a colorimetric assay kit. The processed SC and LC water extracts compared to raw materials significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. The results of the hangover mouse model are also consistent with anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that processed SC and LC extracts may be functional materials for the treatment of inflammation and hangover.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2019

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the main quality features of this crop because of its sense of pungency, which is due to the presence of capsaicinoids. This compound is synthesized as a secondary metabolite and found only in the placental tissue of spicy fruit (Suzuki et al., 1980). Stewart et al. (2005) concluded that Pun1 encodes for the acyltransferase AT3 and they demonstrated its involvement in capsaicinoids metabolism. It was analyzed that the capsaicinoids content and PUN1 genotype in pepper genetic resources which were selected with excellent phenotype in field evaluation. The number of pepper genetic resources analyzed was 135, and species were C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens. The content of capsaicinoid ranged from 0 mg/100g to 828 mg/100g. The content of 0 mg/100g was the sweet pepper type, the highest content is IT 158530, the capsaicinoid content of which was 828 mg/100g and species was C. annuum. PUN1 gene analysis showed 117 pungent, 5 hetero, and 13 non-pungent. PUN1 analysis showed that 5 out of 13 non-pungent accessions were detected with low levels of capsaicinoid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 2017

The bioactivities of boxthron fruits, a source of oriental medicine, are well known, whereas phytochemical studies of the boxthorn stem are rare. In this study, the stem extract of boxthorn (Lycium chinense Miller) and its subfractions were evaluated for their effects on nitric oxide (NO) inhibition and procollagen type I peptide (PIP) synthesis. A phenolic amide isolated from the stem extract was also assayed for these effects. The compound, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, was identified by $^1H$, $^{13}C$, and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. In NO inhibition, the chloroform fraction (CF) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity ($MIC_{50}=24.69{\mu}g/ml$) among the subfractions of the ethanol extract (EE). N-trans-feruloyltyramine isolated from the CF showed strong NO inhibitory activity, presenting with an $MIC_{50}$ of $31.36{\mu}g/ml$. The EE, CF, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine shown to have NO inhibition activity were assayed for the activity of PIP synthesis. The EE and CF showed relatively high PIP values of 38.8% and 24.21% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The PIP value for $20{\mu}g/ml$ N-trans-feruloyltyramine showed a 36% increase compared with the non-treated control, whereas that treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ ascorbic acid as a positive control showed a 13% increase. The results suggest that the proper stem extract of boxthorn stem could be efficiently used to produce good cosmetic effects.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제5_6권
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• pp.59-63
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• 1968

본 논문은 1963-1965년 사이에 구기자 혹응애의 생태에 관하여 조사 관찰한 결과의 일부를 보고한 것이다. (1) 구기자 혹응애의 기주식물은 순기자나무 까마중 및 고추 등이다. (2) 이동과 전파는 물리적인 매개체에 의하며, 풍향은 이동과 전파에 영향이 크다. (3) 1자당 산난수는 평균 $28.5\pm0.499$개이고, 란기간은 평균 $7.0\pm0.447$일이다. 유충기문은 평균 $4.33±\pm0.667$일이다. (4) 식입 후 경과일별 충영의 크기는 1일째는 평균 $290.5\pm0.3415\pm$ 이며, 25일째는 평균 $3260.5\pm0.5157\mu$이다. (5) 성충기간은 25-30일이고 식입 후 산난일은 6일 이다. (6) 연발생회수는 6-7회이며, 성충태로 충영내에서 월동하여 5월 하순에 제1회 성충이 나타난다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.473-482
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• 2013

효율적인 선발방법으로서 분자표지는 실제적인 고추(Capsicum annuum L.) 육종 과정에 사용되어 왔다. 최근에는 고추의 양적 형질로 알려진 매운맛, 색소 및 당 함량 등에 관한 다수의 유전분석 연구가 세계적으로 수행되고 있다. 또한 양적형질과 연관된 분자표지를 개발하기 위해서는 QTL mapping이 필수적이라고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하나의 새로운 방법으로, 양친의 NGS resequencing을 통해 고추 유전자지도 상의 위치가 알려져 있는 분자표지를 일부 선발하여 SNP(HRM) 분자표지로 개발한 후 이를 이용하여 고추 유전체 전체를 포함하는 유전자지도 작성을 제안하고자 하였다. 식물재료는 C. annuum 'NB1'(모친)과 C. chinense 'Jolokia'(부친) 및 이들의 $F_2$ 세대 94개체를 사용하였다. 양친에 대해 NGS resequencing을 수행하여 각각 4.6Gbp와 6.2Gbp의 염기서열을 얻었다. 'NB1'과 'Jolokia' 간의 총 SNP 수는 429만개였으며, 그 중 확실한 SNP 수는 176만개였다. 이 중에서 고추 유전자지도 내 위치를 고려하여 145개의 SNP(HRM) 분석용 프라이머를 디자인하였으며, 그 중 116개가 성공적으로 다형성을 보여 유전자지도 작성에 사용되었다. 총 연관거리는 1,167.9cM였고, 연관군 수는 고추의 기본염색체 수와 일치하는 12개였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 시간적인 효율성과 예측의 정확성 면에서 새로운 고추 유전자지도 작성에 매우 적합함은 물론 작성된 유전자지도는 양친에서 차이를 보이는 특정 형질에 대한 QTL 분석을 하는데 바로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

고추에 있어서 Tobamovirus 저항성은 고추 염색체 11번 긴 팔 끝부분에 위치한 L 유전자좌의 다섯 개 대립유전자($L^0$, $L^1$, $L^2$, $L^3$, and $L^4$)에 의해 조절된다고 알려져 있다. 표현형 분석 없이 L 대립유전자를 구분할 수 있는 분자표지를 개발하기 위해서 다섯 개의 고추 판별 계통{Capsicum annuum Early California Wonder(ECW, $L^0L^0$), C. annuum Tisana($L^1L^1$), C. annuum Criollo de Morelos 334(CM334,$L^2L^2$), Capsicum chinense PI 159236($L^3L^3$), and Capsicum chacoense PI 260429($L^4L^4$)}을 식물재료로 사용하였다. 대립유전자 특이적 분자표지는 고추 판별 계통에 대해 $L^3$ 연관 분자표지(189D23M, A339, and 253A1R)와 BAC 염기서열(FJ597539 and FJ597541)의 PCR 증폭산물 염기서열을 비교 분석하여 개발되었다. 총 53개의 상용 고추 품종 중 48개에서 분자표지에 의한 추정 유전자형과 Tobamovirus{Tobacco mosaic virus(pathotype 0, $P_0$), Tomato mosaicvirus($P_1$), and Pepper mild mottle virus($P_{1,2}$)} 접종 표현형과 일치했다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 분자표지는 고추 육종에 있어서 TMV 저항성 도입에 필요한 선발마커로 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것이다.