• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.602-608
• /
• 2005

As a crucial transcription factor family, heat-shock factors were mainly analyzed and characterized in tomato and Arabidopsis. In this study, we isolated two putative heat shock factors OsHSF6 and OsHSF12 that interact specifically with heat-shock element (HSE) from Oryza sativa L by yeast one-hybrid method. The full-length cDNA of OsHSF6 and OsHSF12 have 1074bp and 920bp open reading frame (ORF), respectively. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that OsHSF6 was a class A heat shock factor (HSF) with all the conserved sequence elements characteristic of heat stress transcription factor, while OsHSF12 was a class B HSF with C-terminal domain (CTD) lacking of AHA motif. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the sequences and structures of two HSFs' DNA binding domain (DBD) had a high similarity with LpHSF24. The results of RT-PCR indicated OsHSF6 gene was expressed immediately after rice plants exposure to heat stress, and the transcription of OsHSF6 gene accumulated primarily in immature seeds, roots and leaves. However, we did not find the transcription of OsHSF12 gene in different organs and growth periods. Our results implied that OsHSF6 might be function as a HSF regulating early expression of stress genes in response to heat shock, and OsHSF12 might be act as a synergistic factor to regulate the expression of down-stream genes.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2014

Although the number of protein-coding genes is not highly variable between plant taxa, the DNA content in their genomes is highly variable, by as much as 2,056-fold from a 1C amount of 0.0648 pg to 132.5 pg. The mean 1C-value in plants is 2.4 pg, and genome size expansion/contraction is lineage-specific in plant taxonomy. Transposable element fractions in plant genomes are also variable, as low as ~3% in small genomes and as high as ~85% in large genomes, indicating that genome size is a linear function of transposable element content. Of the 2 classes of transposable elements, the dynamics of class 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons is a major contributor to the 1C value differences among plants. The activity of LTR retrotransposons is under the control of epigenetic suppressing mechanisms. Also, genome-purging mechanisms have been adopted to counter-balance the genome size amplification. With a wealth of information on whole-genome sequences in plant genomes, it was revealed that several genome-purging mechanisms have been employed, depending on plant taxa. Two genera, Lilium and Fritillaria, are known to have large genomes in angiosperms. There were twice times of concerted genome size evolutions in the family Liliaceae during the divergence of the current genera in Liliaceae. In addition to the LTR retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons and satellite DNAs contributed to the huge genomes in the two genera by possible failure of genome counter-balancing mechanisms.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.60.2-61
• /
• 2017

A Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) is one of the well-known deep-learning methods in image processing and computer vision area. In this study, we apply CNN to two kinds of flare forecasting models: flare classification and occurrence. For this, we consider several pre-trained models (e.g., AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet) and customize them by changing several options such as the number of layers, activation function, and optimizer. Our inputs are the same number of SOHO)/MDI images for each flare class (None, C, M and X) at 00:00 UT from Jan 1996 to Dec 2010 (total 1600 images). Outputs are the results of daily flare forecasting for flare class and occurrence. We build, train, and test the models on TensorFlow, which is well-known machine learning software library developed by Google. Our major results from this study are as follows. First, most of the models have accuracies more than 0.7. Second, ResNet developed by Microsoft has the best accuracies : 0.77 for flare classification and 0.83 for flare occurrence. Third, the accuracies of these models vary greatly with changing parameters. We discuss several possibilities to improve the models.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2014

The sewing machine was the most widely-advertised item in mid-Victorian English periodicals. However, no historians have so far analyzed how English advertisers created the link between the domestic sewing machine and middle-class women, or what impact they may have had on gender relations. This paper treats sewing machines as a medium to enhance our view of gender and social history, consumer culture as well as material culture studies. Studying the advertisements of sewing machines reveals the traditional values and modern consumer culture of mid-nineteenth England, and also offers a sense for how advertisers expected people to react. Sewing machines could not only offer women aspiration and authority, but could also function as a timesaver through which a woman could attain a truly modern lifestyle. Buying a sewing machine for their wives symbolized their status as a breadwinner and a caring husband, as well as serving as an appreciation of their wives' domesticity. Sewing machines also provoked anxiety for both sexes because some believed that women would lose their morality and gender identity, whereas others believed that if relieved of domestic drudgery women would have time to educate themselves, which threatened to men and the gender hierarchy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.633-641
• /
• 2020

Microbial rhodopsins are a superfamily of photoactive membrane proteins with the covalently bound retinal cofactor. Isomerization of the retinal chromophore upon absorption of a photon triggers conformational changes of the protein to function as ion pumps or sensors. After the discovery of proteorhodopsin in an uncultivated γ-proteobacterium, light-activated proton pumps have been widely detected among marine bacteria and, together with chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, are considered as an important axis responsible for primary production in the biosphere. Rhodopsins and related proteins show a high level of phylogenetic diversity; we focus on a specific class of bacterial rhodopsins containing the '3 omega motif.' This motif forms a stack of three non-consecutive aromatic amino acids that correlates with the B-C loop orientation and is shared among the phylogenetically close ion pumps such as the NDQ motif-containing sodium-pumping rhodopsin, the NTQ motif-containing chloride-pumping rhodopsin, and some proton-pumping rhodopsins including xanthorhodopsin. Here, we reviewed the recent research progress on these 'omega rhodopsins,' and speculated on their evolutionary origin of functional diversity.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 2014

This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of teaching an engineering course using English with Specific Purpose(ESP). A study was performed using student groups; one class using ESP, and one class conducted in English with an English text. The course conducted using ESP showed the greatest improvement in English writing and conversation, and the students reported a greatly increased confidence in their ability to function professionally using English. A self-assessment of each student was conducted before and after the courses. Prior to the course less than 10% in each group felt that they are able to: a) understand a textbook, b) write an email, c) generate a project report, or d) follow a lecture given in English. The survey at the end of the course showed that the ESP teaching style resulted in significant improvements in students ability and confidence with writing and speaking in English, whereas reading skills were similar for both groups. This is due to the ESP method, in which students are required to give presentations and keep journals in English. After a brief review of the ESP principles and a discussion of how they were implemented, the background data of the participants(students) are described. Finally, the end-of-semester survey highlights the efficacy of the ESP approach.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.1628-1634
• /
• 2009

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones that protect cells against environmental stresses. In the present study, the genes of hsp17.6 and hsp17.7, cytosolic class I sHSPs, were cloned from a tropical plant, Ageratina adenophorum. Their C-terminal domains were highly conserved with those of sHSPs from other plants, indicating the importance of the C-terminal domains for the structure and activity of sHSPs. The recombinant HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 were applied to determine their chaperone function. In vitro, HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 actively participated in the refolding of the model substrate citrate synthase (CS) and effectively prevented the thermal aggregation of CS at $45^{\circ}C$ and the irreversible inactivation of CS at $38^{\circ}C$ at stoichiometric levels. The prior presence of HSP17.7 was assumed to suppress the thermal aggregation of the model substrate CS. Therefore, this report confirms the chaperone activity of HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 and their potential as a protectant for active proteins.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.71
• /
• pp.111-139
• /
• 2006

Cold storage warehouse industry in Japan has been extended in its scale in terms of both the number of storages and cold storage capacity in order to meet the extended reproduction of the marine products industry. However, increasing total amount of the stored goods since mid 80s led to relative decrease of marine products while the number of storages was remained the same or decreased, though cold storage capacity was gradually increased and is maintained the increase of the average cold storage capacity. As structural change in the cold storage warehouse industry emerges, cold storage warehouses require new approach to individual storage management with 1)diversity of the stored goods; 2) more competition due to increase of the cold storage capacity; and 3) sizing of the average cold storage capacity. Therefore, this study analyzed how cold storage warehouse management activity with individual storage sizing changes; and significance of sizing and functional change in cold storage warehouses experiencing sizing, by observing leading cold storage warehouse industry of the metropolitan area in Japan. In conclusion, reorganization of cold storage warehouse industry in the metropolitan area in Japan can be summarized as follows: First, competition among cold storage warehouses in the metropolitan area in Japan is not simply limited to storage industry but extended to establishment and securing physical distribution function. Second, since cold storage warehouse industry is in Scrap & Build phase, decision of management executives on whether taking direction to maintain/continue enhancement of physical distribution function may cause drastic reorganization in the cold storage warehouse industry, Third, since profit of physical distribution management based on cold storage warehouses is insignificant, it is not easy to accomplish expected management outcome, Fourth, today's cold storage warehouse industry mainly characterized by diversity of the stored goods needs facility reorganization with comprehensive and functional integration covering from F class cold storage capacity to F&C class.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 2007

A new class of LC-resonator for micro magnetic sensor device was invented and fabricated by means of MEMS technique. The micro LC-resonator consists of a solenoidal micro-inductor with a bundle of soft magnetic microwire cores and a capacitor connected in parallel to the micro-inductor. The core magnetic material is a tiny glass coated $Co_{83.2}B_{3.3}Si_{5.9}Mn_{7.6}$ microwire fabricated by a glasscoated melt spinning technique. The core materials were annealed at various temperatures $150^{\circ}C,\;200^{\circ}C\;,250^{\circ}C\;,$ and $300^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in a vacuum to improve soft magnetic properties. The solenoidal micro-inductors fabricated by MEMS technique were $500{\sim}1,000{\mu}m$ in length with $10{\sim}20$ turns. The changes of inductance as a function of external magnetic field in micro-inductors with properly annealed microwire cores were varied as much as 370%. Since the permeability of ultra soft magnetic microwire is changing rapidly as a function of external magnetic field. The inductance ratio as well as magnetoimpedance ratio (MIR) in a LC-resonator was varied drastically as a function of external magnetic field. The MIR curves can be tuned very precisely to obtain maximum sensitivity. A prototype magnetic sensor device consisting of the developed microinductors with a multivibrator circuit was test successfully.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.467-484
• /
• 1999

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the concept of family function from the perspective of the contemporary Korean family, and to construct model of change of family function with chronic illness. The hybrid model approach was applied in which three phases(theoretical phase, empirical phase, and analytic phase) of concept development were explored for family functioning. The study was conducted from 1997 to 1998. In empirical phase, two groups of purposive samples were drawn : normal family group composed of six families without ill family member, and ill family group composed of seven families of which wives have rheumatoid arthritis. Only families with child(or children) in primary or secondary schools were included in the study. The results were as follows : In theoretical phase, six dimensions of family concept were emerged : affective, structural, control, cognitive, financial, and reproductive dimension. In order to analyse the Korean normal family function in middle class with middle-aged women, financial and reproductive dimension were not included. In empirical phase, five dimensions(affective, structural, control, cognitive, and external relationship) were found from the normal family data. External relationship dimension is very important factor as a resource of the support, especially when their parents or siblings had no help or support to them. In the affective dimension, Korean family emphasized harmony and balance rather than affective expression between couples and between parents and children. They also showed common goals of the families to solve their problems to control the family members. The priority of the goals was getting into the higher education of their children or helping their unhealthy parents or family members. Six dimensions (affective, structural, control, cognitive, external relationship, and financial) of family functions were emerged from the ill family data. From the analysis of ill family data, types of restructuring house chore after wives illness were developed : (a) negociated, (b) accomodated, and (c) isolated, enduring types. Although the dimensions of family functioning identified in this study are similar to the conceptualizations that exist in the western literature, there were distinct differences in the nature of major themes and subconcepts under these family function dimensions.