• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1975

This investigation was designed to determine the influence of drying methods on the free amino acids and free sugars in red pepper and to study the browning mechanism of brown-colored red pepper. Three different drying methods were employed: 1) Sun-drying at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, 2) Drying in oven at $60^{\circ}C$ for 49 hours, and 3) Drying in oven at $90^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. Dried and ground peels were used for the analysis of free amino acids and free sugars. The results were as follows; 1. Sixteen kinds of amino acids i.e. asparagine, methionine, and cystine etc. were identified. Total amino acid content of the sun-dried sample was not different from that of the fresh sample, but the samples dried at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ in the oven were decreased to 24.9% and 67.4% respectively. Of amino acids identified, methionine, lysine and aspartic acid were decreased in all treatments. Especially, methionine ana aspartic acid were decreased rapidly to 71.8% and 73.3% , respectively. 2. Three kinds of free sugars i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose were identified. The total content of free sugars was significantly decreased in each treatment. Among the reducing sugars, glucose was rapidly decreased; 65.9% for the glucose of sample dried at $90^{\circ}C$ in the oven. 3. At the higher drying temperature, the darker red color was found. Brown-color appeared at $90^{\circ}C-drying$ showed appreciable losses in carotenoid content, but the major color seems to be due to the large increase in browning compounds. 4. It was assumed that increased browning compounds of red pepper were due to the Maillard reaction which is a nonenzymatic browning process.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Nebulin, a giant modular protein from muscle, is thought to act as molecular ruler in sarcomere assembly. In skeletal muscle, the C-terminal ${\sim}50 kDa$ region of nebulin extends into the Z-line lattice. The most recent studies implicated highlighting its extensive isoform diversity and exciting reports revealed its expression in cardiac and non-muscle tissues containing brain. Also these novel findings are indicating that nebulin is actually a multifunctional filament system, perhaps playing roles in signal transduction, contractile regulation, and myofibril force generation, as well as other not yet defined functions. However the binding protein of nebulin and function in brain is still unknown. A novel binding partner of nebulin C-terminal region was identified by screening a human brain cDNA library using yeast two-hybrid system. Nebulin C-terminus binding protein 51 (NCBP51) was contained a RING-finger domain and identified a new isoform of RING finger protein 125 (RNF125). The interaction was confirmed using the GST pull-down assay. NCBP51 belongs to a family of the RING finger proteins and its function remains to be identified in brain. The role of nebulin and NCBP51 will be studied by loss-of-function using siRNA technique in brain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.38-41
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• 2013

Objective : Density of the chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is variable. It often appears to be mixed density. Multiple densities of cSDH may result from multiple episodes of trauma. We investigated the frequency of mixed density and the causes of head injuries representing each density. Methods : We could collect 242 cases of chronic SDH. The cSDHs were classified into four groups; hypodensity, homogeneous isodensity, layered type, and mixed type on the basis of CT scans. Results : The density of cSDH was isodense in 115 patients, hypodense in 31 patients, mixed in 79 cases, and layered in 17 cases. The cSDH was on the left side in 115 patients, on the right side in 70 patients, and bilateral in 40 patients. The history of trauma was identifiable in 122 patients. The etiology could be identified in 67.7% of the hypodense hematomas, while it was obscure in 59.5% of the mixed hematomas. Conclusion : Mixed density of cSDH results from multiple episodes of trauma, usually in the aged. It is hard to remember all the trivial traumas for the patients with the mixed density cSDHs. Although there were membranes within the mixed density hematomas, burr-holes were usually enough to drain the hematomas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2007

As obesity is known to be related to hyperlipidemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease, and other chronic diseases, many researches have focused on functional food materials showing anti-obesity activity. The adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, resistin and adiponectin are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases directly. C-reactive protein and homocysteine are molecules regulated by adipose tissue indirectly also relate to the chronic diseases. This study was performed to study of the anti-obesity effects of Sasa borealis in diet-induced obese mice (C57/BL6J). The mice were divided into four group: NFD (Normal fat diet), HFD (High fat diet), BSE (High fat diet containing 5% of 70% ethanol extract of Sasa borealis leaves), BLW (High fat diet containing 5% of water extract of Sasa borealis leaves). The experimental diets were fed for 11 weeks. The final body weight of the mice in the groups of BSE and BLW groups were significantly lower than the HFD group. The effects of weight reduction were due to reduced body fat accumulation. The adiponectin levels are significantly decreased in HFD group compared than NFD group and increased taken by Sasa borealis containing diet. The resistin levels are not significantly different between experimental groups. The CRP and homocyteine levels are significantly higher in HFD group than NFD group and significantly decreased by Sasa borealis containing diet, especially BLW group. These results indicate that orally administered Sasa borealis not only has the effect of reducing the body weight and total fat weight, but preferable effect in adiponectin levels and related molecules as CRP and homocysteine. Therefore we expect the Sasa borealis may have an anti-obesity function and anti-metabolic syndrome effect in diet-induced obese mice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2011

Second-order rate constants ($k_{OH^-}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of Y-substituted phenyl phenyl thionocarbonates (4a-i) with $OH^-$ in 80 mol % $H_2O$/20 mol % DMSO at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The $k_{OH^-}$ values for the reactions of 4a-i have been compared with those reported previously for the corresponding reactions of Y-substituted phenyl phenyl carbonates (3a-i) to investigate the effect of changing the electrophilic center from C=O to C=S on reactivity and mechanism. Thionocarbonates 4a-i are less reactive than the corresponding carbonates 3a-i although 4a-i are expected to be more reactive than 3a-i. The Bronsted-type plot for reactions of 4a-i is linear with $\beta_{lg}$ = -0.33, a typical $\beta_{lg}$ value for reactions reported to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with formation of an intermediate being the rate-determining step (RDS). Furthermore, the Hammett plot correlated with $\sigma^o$ constants results in much better linearity than that correlated with $\sigma^-$ constants, indicating that expulsion of the leaving group is not advanced in the RDS. Thus, alkaline hydrolysis of 4a-i has been concluded to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with formation of an intermediate being RDS, which is in contrast to the forced concerted mechanism reported for the corresponding reactions of 3a-i. Enhanced stability of the intermediate upon modification of the electrophilic center from C=O to C=S has been concluded to be responsible for the contrasting mechanisms.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2008

오늘날의 시스템-온-칩(SoC)은 짧은 제품 생산 주기를 맞추기 위하여 재사용 가능한 IP 코아들을 이용하여 설계한다. 그러나 고집적 칩을 생산하는데 있어 증가한 칩의 테스트 비용은 큰 문제가 된다. 본 논문에서는 Advanced High-performance Bus(AHB)와 Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) 버스를 위한 온/오프-칩 버스 브리지를 이용한 효율적인 테스트 접근 메커니즘을 제시한다. 본 기술은 독립적인 테스트 입력 경로와 출력 경로를 제공하고 버스 방향 전환을 위한 턴어라운드 지연시간을 없앰으로써 테스트 시간을 매우 줄였다. 실험 결과는 면적 오버헤드와 기능적 구조적 테스트 모두 에서의 시간이 줄어들었음을 보여준다 제안하는 기술은 다른 종류의 온/오프-칩 버스 브리지에도 적용 가능하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2018

Purpose: Hypothermia at admission is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. We performed a quality improvement (QI) effort to determine the impact of a decrease in admission hypothermia in preterm infants. Methods: The study enrolled very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born at Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. This multidisciplinary QI effort included the use of occlusive wraps, warm blankets, and caps; the delivery room temperature was maintained above $23.0^{\circ}C$, and a check-list was used for feedback. Results: Among 259 preterm infants, the incidence of hypothermia (defined as body temperature <$36.0^{\circ}C$) decreased significantly from 68% to 41%, and the mean body temperature on neonatal intensive care unit admission increased significantly from $35.5^{\circ}C$ to $36.0^{\circ}C$. In subgroup analysis of VLBW infants, admission hypothermia and neonatal outcomes were compared between the pre-QI (n=55) and post-QI groups (n=75). Body temperature on admission increased significantly from $35.4^{\circ}C$ to $35.9^{\circ}C$ and the number of infants with hypothermia decreased significantly from 71% to 45%. There were no cases of neonatal hyperthermia. The incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was significantly decreased (P=0.017). Interaction analysis showed that birth weight and gestational age were not correlated with hypothermia following implementation of the protocol. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in admission hypothermia following the introduction of a standardized protocol in our QI effort. This resulted in an effective reduction in the incidence of massive pulmonary hemorrhage.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.504-507
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• 2003

오늘날 XML이 전자 상거래 시장에 널리 수용하여 사용되고 있다. 하지만 XML 문서는 논리적으로 동일한 의미를 물리적으로 여러 다른 형태로 나타낼 수 있는 표현의 자율성이 존재하기 때문에 XML 전자서명과 같은 물리적 형태로써 유효성을 판단하는 응용프로그램에서는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 W3C에서는 논리적으로 동일한 의미의 XML 문서를 물리적으로 동일하게 변환시키도록 XML 정규화 알고리즘을 제안하여 사용하도록 권고하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 W3C에서 권고한 XML 정규화 알고리즘을 수행하는 시스템을 설계 및 구현함으로써, 좀 더 정교하고 정규화된 문서로 변형하여 W3C 표준을 따르는 다른 응용 시스템과의 상호운용이 가능하다. 또한 웹 서비스를 위한 전자서명 시스템에서의 사용이 용이하며 웹 서비스 상호 운용성을 위한 XML 문서 교환 시 물리적 동일성이 요구되는 여러 시스템에서 다양한 방면으로 사용될 것으로 사료된다. 뿐만 아니라 국제적 인코딩 스킴과 국내 인코딩 스킴인 EUC-KR과의 변환기능을 추가함으로써 국내 실정에 맞는 XML 정규화 알고리즘이 될 것이며, 이는 국제적 상호 운용성 확보의 기반 기술이 될 것이다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.238-239
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• 2010

Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is one of the widely-used secondary dopants in order to enhance the conductivity of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film. In this work, we investigated the effect of DMSO doping in to PEDOT:PSS on the electrical performance of the bulk heterojunction photovoltaics consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Correlation between the power conversion efficiency and the mechanism of improving conductivity, surface morphology, and contact properties was examined. The PEDOT:PSS films, which contain different concentration of DMSO, have been prepared and annealed at different annealing temperatures. The mixture of DMSO and PEDOT:PSS was prepared with a ratio of 1%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55% by volume of DMSO, respectively. The DMSO-contained PEDOT:PSS solutions were stirred for 1hr at $40^{\circ}C$, then spin-coated on the ultra-sonicated glass. The spin-coated films were baked for 10min at $65^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$, and $120^{\circ}C$ in air. In order to investigate the electrical performance, P3HT:PCBM blended film was deposited with thickness of 150nm on DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS layer. After depositing 100nm of Al, the device was post-annealed for 30min at $120^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. The fabricated cells, in this study, have been characterized by using several techniques such as UV-Visible spectrum, 4-point probe, J-V characteristics, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The power conversion efficiency (AM 1.5G conditions) was increased from 0.91% to 2.35% by tuning DMSO doping ratio and annealing temperature. It is believed that the improved power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaics is attributed to the increased conductivity, leading to increasing short-circuit current in DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS layer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.