• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.5
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

WebDAV is a protocol to support collaboration among one or more groups in geographically distant locations through the internet. WebDAV extends the web communication protocol HTTP/1.1 to provide a standard infrastructure for .supporting asynchronous collaboration for various contents across the internet. A WebDAV client uses HTTP requests to perform a renewal and update action to the resources in WebDAY servers. So, it is desirable that the client supports the ability of authoring and version management with a good concurrency control and property management. In this paper, to enhance usability, we developed a .NET-based WebDAV client with a user interface similar to the Windows Explorer. The developed WebDAV client supports easy launching of the authoring application and appropriate lock control for the server resources. In addition, through the functionality of process monitoring, it supports automatic update of the server resources when the modification of the resources are completed by the user. The WebDAY client is a .NET-based application written in the C＃ language, running on any platform supporting a .NET framework.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3567-3582
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• 2020

Human activities are often affected by weather conditions. Automatic weather recognition is meaningful to traffic alerting, driving assistance, and intelligent traffic. With the boost of deep learning and AI, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are utilized to identify weather situations. In this paper, a three-channel convolutional neural network (3C-CNN) model is proposed on the basis of ResNet50.The model extracts global weather features from the whole image through the ResNet50 branch, and extracts the sky and ground features from the top and bottom regions by two CNN5 branches. Then the global features and the local features are merged by the Concat function. Finally, the weather image is classified by Softmax classifier and the identification result is output. In addition, a medium-scale dataset containing 6,185 outdoor weather images named WeatherDataset-6 is established. 3C-CNN is used to train and test both on the Two-class Weather Images and WeatherDataset-6. The experimental results show that 3C-CNN achieves best on both datasets, with the average recognition accuracy up to 94.35% and 95.81% respectively, which is superior to other classic convolutional neural networks such as AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50. It is prospected that our method can also work well for images taken at night with further improvement.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2022

Background: To assess the carbon sequestration capacity and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Quercus glauca forests, we analyzed the net primary productivity (NPP), carbon storage, and carbon emission of soil in a Q. glauca forest on Jeju Island (South Korea) from 2016 to 2018. Results: The average carbon stock in the above- and below-ground plant biomass was 223.7 Mg C ha^-1, while the average amount of organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis was 9.8 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, and the average NPP was 9.6 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Stems and branches contributed to the majority of the above- and below-ground standing biomass and NPP. The average heterotrophic carbon emission from the soil was 8.7 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, while the average NEP was 1.1 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Although the carbon stock, carbon absorption, and soil respiration values were higher than those reported in other oak forests in the world, the NEP was similar or lower. Conclusions: These results indicator that Q. glauca forests perform the role of a large carbon sink through the CO₂ absorption in the plants in terms of carbon balance. And it is judged to be helpful as data for assessment of carbon storage and flux in the forests and mitigation of elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1985

The productivity and growth pattern of Sargassum confusum (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) was investigated in Ohori, east coast of Korea, from March 1983 to April 1984. S. confusum shows an obvious seasonal variation of the growth by passing through the germinative, vegetative, reproductive and decaying phases for about an year. The mean length of tagged individuals shows a positive correlation with the water temperature during the growing period. The growth is depressed at less than 1$0^{\circ}C$ in February, and accelerated at above 15$^{\circ}C$ in May. The rapid growth (1.29 cm/dry) occurs at 15-l8$^{\circ}C$ during May-June and the maximum length is shown at 20-21$^{\circ}C$ in early August. Daily net production estimated by the oxygen light and dark bottle method is 11.2 g C/$m^2$/ day in June. The annual value calculated by the integration of the daily net production, growth rate and biomass is 745 gC/$m^2$/yr. Net production estimated from the biomass change only is 287 gC/$m^2$/yr. But this must be an underestimated value, because the loss of considerable biomass by shedding is not included.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2005

In order to investigate the organic carbon distribution, net primary production, annual litter production, organic carbon in litter layer, soil organic carbon and soil respiration were studied in an oak forest, Kongju, Chungnam Province in Korea. Net primary production was estimated to 15.84 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. The amount of carbon allocated to leaf and reproductive organ, branch, stem and root was 1.71, 4.03, 7.34, 2.76 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Annual litter production was 5.21 $ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, which amounted to 2.35 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. Average amount of organic carbon in litter layer (L+F) was 6.06 ton C/ha, and that of L layer decreased from winter through summer. Soil organic carbon decreased along the soil depth. Average amount of soil organic carbon in this oak forest was 165.19 ton C/ha. The amount of carbon evolved through soil respiration was 11.24 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. Net amount of 4.60 ton $C{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ was absorbed from the atmosphere by this oak forest.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2014

In the result of effect on freezing damage reduction by the shade net colors and the shade rate to tea trees during wintering period, the high shade ratio decreased tea trees growth and increased freezing damage and 55% of shade ratio based on non treatment developed new leafs and green leaf productivity. By the shade net colors, colorless shade net (55% of shade type) treatment and green shade net treatment increased green leaf productivity and decreased damaged area compare to non treatment shade net and black shade net treatment. Colorless net shade treatment reduced over 50% of freezing damage and increased (10a) 68 kg for green leaf productivity compare to non treatment shade net. The colors of shade net treatments for reduction freezing damaged in order of Black < Green < Colorless but reduction of freezing damage was so high. In the relative microclimates, treatment shade nets were $0.7^{\circ}C$ lower, average relatively humidity 14.9% higher, soil temperature $0.6^{\circ}C$ lower and soil moisture 4.6% higher than non treatment shade net. And treatment shade nets decreased average wind speed 0.7 m/s and it showed us treatment net shades effected to excessive evapotranspiration and soil dry by wind and considered one of good solution for freezing damages.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2011

This study was aimed to select the optimal mat condition using existing plant-mats for the efficient planting of bedding Chrysanthemum. At fifty days after cutting with Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Ford', root formation among the treatments using eight different mats outstood with the treatment using 10 mm thick coir net, which has medium inserted between mat layers - called C treatment, compared to other treatments; this treatment had the highest values in the plant height and shoot fresh weight, which were 29 cm and 5.6 g, respectively. On the contrary, in 40 days after transplanting root-formed mats to field, 12 mm thick jute net, which has medium inserted between mat layers, had the highest plants compared to other treatments. However, there was no significant difference in shoot weight compared to C treatment. In experiment of different lengths of cut, the results of growth after transplanting showed that 5 cm long cut performed best compared to 3 and 8 cm long cuts.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1087-1091
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• 2006

This paper describes the current spatial patterns of the net primary productivity (NPP) of the terrestrial vegetation and carbon emission (C) in the world due to the burning of fossil fuels in order to clarify the amount of expansion of human activity. The C/NPP value varies spatially from almost zero to several tens of thousand times the local NPP. C/NPP is higher under the condition of extensive human activities due to a high human population density or when the local NPP is extremely low in severe climatic zones. In contrast, the low C/NPP areas are distributed mainly in sparsely populated districts, loading to a low impact of human activity. Although the area where C/NPP is less than 10% accounts for about 70% of the entire land area, one-third of these areas cannot contribute to carbon absorption because of low NPP with a shortage of climatic resources. Since more than half of the areas of the remaining areas are agricultural land and forest ecosystems with high NPP, the possible afforestation area was evaluated to be maximum of $30{\times}10^{6}\;km^{2}$; here only sequestrate carbons that correspond to 2% of the global total NPP are present. These analyses revealed that presently most of the areas where the NPP is high are those exclusively used by humans and that it is difficult for large-scale forest plantations to absorb a substantial amount of the carbon emitted annually by humans.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

We measured net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon and leaf decomposition of Salix community in the flood plain of the Han River and the Nakdong River. Net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon of the Salix community were 22.5ton/ha/yr(16.7ton/ha/yr-31.2ton/ha/yr) and 9.7ton C/ha/yr(7.5ton C/ha/yr-14.0ton C/ha/yr) respectively, which showed the highest values among the woody plant communities reported in the Korea. It means that planting Salix in the flood plain of the river is the best way to remove carbon dioxides. The faster leaf decomposition occurred around, under and the herb of Salix community in order. Leaf decomposition rate of Salix was higher than that of mesophytes, but lower than that of hydrophytes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.109-111
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 기존에 구현된 객체지향 CASE 도구인 OODesigner에 C＃ 언어 코드 생성 기능을 추가로 설계하여 구현한 결과를 제시한다. 본 논문의 결과로 기존의 OODesigner에는 Java, 일반적인 C++. Visual C++ 코드 생성기능을 가지고 있었는데 C＃ 코드 생성을 지원할 수 있도록 기능이 향상되었다. .NET 프레임워크 하에서 동적 웹 페이지, 분산 응용 프로그램의 컴포넌트. 데이터베이스 엑세스용 컴포넌트 등을 개발하기 위한 C＃의 사용이 확산되고 있는 상황으로 볼 때 본 논문에서 구현된 C＃ 코드 생성 기능의 구현은 C＃을 이용한 소프트웨어 개발의 생산성 향상에 크게 이바지할 것으로 판단된다.