• Title/Summary/Keyword: C-C 지역

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Is that possible to simulate daily runoff with one parameter? (하나 매개변수로 유출 모의 가능한가?)

  • Noh, Jaekyoung;An, Hyunuk;Lee, Jaenam
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.29-29
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    • 2017
  • 유역의 물수지를 강수, 증발산, 토양수분저류, 유출 등 성분으로 구성하고, 토양수분저류 상태에 따라 증발산과 유출이 변화하는 식을 기본식으로 구성하였으며, 물수지를 개선하는 매개변수를 변수화하는 개념을 도입하여 다음 식의 모형을 개발하였다. 여기서, ETa는 실제증발산량, ETo는 잠재증발산량, Q는 유출량, S는 토양수분저류량이고, C1은 증발산, C2, ${\alpha}$는 유출반응, C3, C4는 매개변수 ${\alpha}$를 변수화시키는 데 관련한 매개변수이다. $$ETa(i)=(1-e^{-c1{\times}s(i)}){\times}ETo_{(i)}$$ $$Q_{(i)}=S_{(i)}{\times}(1-e^{-c2{\times}s(i)})^{[(c3+e^{-c4{\times}s(i)}){\times}a]}$$ 모형의 검증을 위해 Monte Calro 기법으로 최적 매개변수를 결정한 결과 수많은 매개변수 조합이 최적영역에 분포되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 매개변수 하나만 남겨 놓고 나머지 매개변수는 상수화시켜도 모의결과가 똑같다는 결과를 관찰하였으며, 이를 토대로 하나 매개변수만으로 일 유출 모의가 가능하다고 결론을 내렸다. 하나의 매개변수는 ${\alpha}$를 우선 추천하고, C1도 유역의 토지이용에 따라 증발산이 변화하기 때문에 의미있다고 판단하고 있다. 하나의 매개변수를 결정하는 방법은 유출 자료가 있으면 유출량으로, 없으면 유출률을 맞추는 방법이며, 일반화하기 쉽고 실용성이 매우 높은 것으로 평가된다. 유역면적 $209km^2$인 보령댐의 2007년부터 2009년까지 Monte Calro 기법으로 매개변수를 결정한 결과 C1=0.0196, C2=0.0023, C3=0.3230, C4=0.0051, ${\alpha}=2.3304$ 이었으며, 이 때 연평균 강우량 1221.2mm, 유출량 651.2mm, 유출률 53.3%이었으며, $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.073, NSE=0.831이었고, 관측 유출량 610.8mm, 유출률 50.0%였다. 매개변수 C1, C2, C3, C4를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 ${\alpha}$는 2.6946이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.831$, RMSE=2.102, NSE=0.826이었고, 매개변수 C2, C3, C4, ${\alpha}$를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 C1은 0.0255이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.083, NSE=0.829이었다. 한편 똑같은 자료로 탱크모형은 $R^2=0.79$, RMSE=2.43, NSE=0.77이었고, SWAT 모형은 $R^2=0.56$, RMSE=3.97, NSE=0.40으로 나타난 것과 비교할 때, 개발된 모형의 성능이 우수한 것이라 결론내릴 수 있었다.

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Study on Imported Case Dimorphic Fungi Isolated from Clinical Specimen in Korea (한국의 임상검체로부터 분리된 해외유입 두 형태 진균에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Jang Ho;Yu, Sungryul;Koo, Bon-Kyung;Moon, Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2018
  • Dimorphic fungi are characterized by the production of mycelia in the environment or when incubated at lower temperatures ($25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) on media. The conversion to yeast occurs when invading a human body or when incubated at elevated temperatures ($35{\sim}37^{\circ}C$). Dimorphic fungi cause systemic infection and occur only in endemic regions; they can cause deep mycosis, which invades tissues and organs. Imported thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen has five genera, such as Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Thus far, 30 cases of dimorphic fungi have been reported in Korea, including C. immitis in 18, H. capsulatum in 5, B. dermatitidis in 3, and T. marneffei in 4 cases. Three 3 cases of C. immitis, 2 cases of H. capsulatum, 1 case of B. dermatitidis, and 1 case of Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei were reported in Korea, even though no experience of an epidemic was present. None the dimorphic fungi except for Sporothrix schenkii (Dimorphic fungi) occur in Korea but are caused by endemic fungi that can be found only in specific regions and limited areas of foreign countries. Considering the trends of migratory locals and the increasing number of immigrants living in and returning home, the incidence of imported infections is expected to increase.

The Whole Effluent Toxicity Tests of Wastewater Discharged from Various Wastewater Treatment Plants and Their Impact Analyses on Biological Component (폐수처리장의 전 방류수 독성 평가 및 방류수 배출하천의 생지표도 영향분석)

  • Ra, Jin-Sung;Kim, Sang-Don;An, Kwang-Guk;Chang, Nam-Ik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.353-361
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    • 2005
  • In this study, we performed whole effluent toxicity(WET) test and compared the biological component analyses tests for some streams into which wastewater treatment plant effluents are discharged. The test procedures for the WET test and the biological component analysis were conducted according to U.S. EPA guidelines and the Ohio EPA wading method. The WET tests based on the test species of D. manga and S. capricornutum All treatment plants showed a S. capricornutum toxicity, and at 7 sites, except A and J, we could observe a D. magna toxicity. The highest toxicity was observed at site D and this were followed by E and F. The biological component analyses applied to the effluent discharged stream. We found that total species were low at sites C1, D1 and J1 and the low number of total individuals were observed at sites A1, C1, E1, H1, and J1 compared to the controls and other sites. The species richness was low at sites A1, B1, C1, D1, and J1. The species change was evident at site D(D1) and the tolerant species was predominant. The biological analyses and WET tests suggested that the effluents resulted in massive ecosystem impact.

Archaeomagnetic Study on Archaeological Sites in Jeju Region (제주지역 유적에 대한 고고지자기학적 연구)

  • Sung, Hyong Mi
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2017
  • A total of 16 precious archaeomagnetic dating data were obtained from various historic sites including fired soils from eight archaeological sites on Jeju Island. We researched the measurement results of 12 pieces of data from before the Common Era (BCE), and four pieces of data from after the Common Era. First, the BCE data could be divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on the difference in the archaeomagnetic data. By comparing the data accumulated in other parts of Korea and referring to the archaeological years, the order of the groups was as follows: A group (Bronze Age~Early Iron Age) ${\rightarrow}$ B group (Early Iron Age when the circular rim eomtodae pottery was excavated) ${\rightarrow}$ C group (Early Iron Age when triangulated rim jeomtodae pottery was excavated), with A group being the earliest data group and C group being the latest data group. In addition, the data after the Common Era could be used to determine the archaeomagnetic dating of the archaeological sites. Through the archaeomagnetic dating of Jeju's archaeological sites for the BCE period, the relative order of the relics was determined, and for the period after the Common Era, the absolute age of the historic sites was obtained. They are expected to be used diversely in the chronological study of Jeju.

Association between Vitamin C Nutritional Status and Blood Lead Level in Korean Male Lead Workers

  • Kim, Hee-Seon
    • Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2004
  • A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate vitamin C nutritional status by assessing dietary intake and blood vitamin C level and to identify the relationships between dietary vitamin C intake, serum vitamin C level and blood lead level in Korean lead workers. The study population was 118 lead workers from two battery manufacturing factories and 63 non-lead-exposed controls. A food consumption survey was conducted by the 24-hr recall method to determine the dietary vitamin C intake level. The anthropometric measurements, blood collection, and survey were performed between September and November, 2000. Blood lead levels and serum vitamin C levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vitamin C nutritional status of Korean lead workers was lower than that of the control group, in terms of both dietary intake and the biochemical index: the mean daily dietary intake level of vitamin C of lead workers was 65.9mg (94% RDA), while that of controls was 132.6mg(189% RDA) ; and the serum vitamin C status of lead workers (0.10mg/dl) was significantly lower than that of controls (1.08mg/dl ; p<0.001). Both dietary vitamin C intake and serum vitamin C levels showed a significant negative correlation with blood lead level (p<0.001), which indicates that strategies of dietary management to promote the health of Korean lead workers should focus on promoting the vitamin C intakes of individuals.

양액 재배하에서 질소시비가 옥수수 ( Zea mays L. ) 생육에 미치는 영향

  • 최정선;김무성
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 1993
  • This experiments were carries out to estimate the optimum final cutting date in autumn and the selection of highly adaptable varieties in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyong area. The evaluations were based on the data of varietal differences of dry weight of lant(DW) and yield components of the 1st cutting as affected by various final cutting dates of last autumn. Nine varieties of fall fescue Barvetia, Fuego, Demeter, Safe Barcel Forager, Johnstone, Enforcer and Stef, were used and 4 final cutting date of autumn were $C_1$, cut on 30 Sept. $C_2$, on 14 Oct. $C_3$, on 28 Oct. and $C_4$ on 11 Nov.. respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Between the dry weight of plant(DM) and yield components of 1st cutting were different by various final cutting dates of autumn. The dry weight of plant(DW) was significantly positive correlated with heading characteristics of the 1st cutting in earlier cuttings$(C_1-C_3)$ of autumn, but there was not significant correlated with heading characteristics of the 1st cutting in the latest cutting$(C_4)$ of autumn. 2. The variety of Forager with heavier weight of heading tiller(HTW) and dry weight of tiller(WT) showed the highest dry weight plant(DW) of the 1st cutting in earlier cuttings$(C_1-C_3)$ of autumn, whereas the variety of Barcel with high number of tillers per plant(NT) showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) of the 1st cutting in the latest cutting$(C_4)$ of autumn. 3. Optimum final cutting date and critical period of mountainous pastures in Taekwalyong area were estimated in late September$(C_1)$ and middle October$(C_2)$, sespectirety. 4. The dry weight of plant(DW) of the 1st cutting was significantly negative correlated with final cutting dates in growth period of autumn.

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Polymorphism Analysis of the ND-4 Gene for the Origin Determination of Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. (넙치의 원산지 판별을 위한 ND-4유전자의 다양성 분석)

  • 송인선;진덕희;최석정;이석근
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.627-635
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    • 2004
  • In order to distinguish the genetic polymorphism among the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) obtained from East sea of Jumunjin, aquaculture of Tongyoung and Geoje, and East sea of North Korea, the ND-4 and cytochrome b genes of olive flounder were divided into 5 regions. Each region was analyzed by degenerating gel electrophoresis scanning (DGES), and by subsequent DNA sequencing. The DGES disclosed characteristic DNA polymorphisms in ND-4-2 and ND-4-3 regions of olive flounder, which were also confirmed by the DNA sequencing. The olive flounders obtained from the different marine areas showed DNA mutations in ND-4-2 region (G390A, C402T, and A411G; GenBank: AB028664), and also showed frequent DNA mutations in ND-4-3 region (C515G, C537T, C538T, A567G, G714A, C736T, G756A, A759T, T817C, and T829G), white the cytochrome b gene showed no DNA mutation both in the DGES and DNA sequencing. These data suggest that the ND-4-2 and ND-4-3 regions are candidate loci to distinguish the origin of olive flounder, and that the DGES used in this study provided fast and reliable informations for the genetic polymorphism.

Environmental Adaptation of Tall Fescue varieties in Mauntainous pastures V. Effect of Final cutting time in autumn on the dry Weight ofplant ( DW ) and yield components of the 2nd growth (Tall fescue 품종의 환경적응성 V. 가을철 예취시기가 2번초의 개체중과 수량구성요소에 미치는 영향)

  • 이주삼;신영재;박훈정;한성윤;조익환
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.76-81
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    • 1994
  • This experiment was carried out to select the best adaptable varieties of Tall fescue in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area. The evaluation was based on the data of varietial differences in the dry weight of plant@W) and yield components of the 2nd growth. Nine varieties of Tall fescue examined were Barcel, Barvetia, Demeter, Enforcer, Forager, Fuego, Johnstone, Safe and Stef. And, the final cutting times were Sept. 30 ($C_1$), Oct.14 ($C_2$),Oct. 28 ($C_3$), and Nov. 11($C_4$). The reults were summarized as follows: 1. Barcel and Forager with many tillers per plant(NT) showed a high dry weight of plant@W) of the 2nd growth. 2. The dry weight of plant(DW) of the 2nd growth indicated significantly positive correlation with the number of tillers per plant(NT), but there was not significant correlation with the dry weight of tiller(WT). 3. The maximum dry weight of plant@W) of the 2nd growth was obtained at $C_3$(28 Oct.). 4. The dry weight of the 2nd growth showed an inverse relations with the dry weight of the 1st growth as affected by various final cutting time in growth period of autumn.

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The Estimation of Non-Working days for the Construction Project in Incheon Region (기후요소를 고려한 인천지역의 작업불가능일수 산정)

  • Shin Jong-Hyun;Lee Jin-Ah;Lee Chan-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.6 no.1 s.23
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2005
  • We should consider climatic factors influencing construction works in order to estimate construction time correctly. This study is to analyze climate elements affecting construction duration and to calculate non-working days far Inchoen territorial region. Through surveying literatures and examining several existing criteria we suggest a Proper criteria for each climate elements which would be used for estimating non-working days. The criteria is made on the raw climate data of Meteorological Administration during the last 30 years(1974-2003) far Incheon region. In case of rainfall, it is estimated as non-working days when daily precipitation is expected more than 10mm, its number of days for Incheon is 29 days. In case of low temperature, the number of non-working days for the concrete works(its criteria be below $4^{\circ}C$ average) and the finishing works(below $0^{\circ}C$ average) is 97 days, 52 days, respectively. In case of high temperature, it is three days when daily highest temperature is expected going over $32^{\circ}C$