• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.550-558
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• 2018

To develop a system for the mass production of Protaetia brevitarsislarvae (Pbl), this study analyzed the oviposition characteristics of third instar Pbl through successive rearing and cold treatments. In the first generation, females laid 50 eggs each on average, and spawned higher numbers of eggs for the first 5 days but then fewer after this. However, all of the $2^{nd}$-generation females that were produced through the successive rearing of eggs from the $1^{st}$ generation did not spawn. When test insects (TI) were raised at $32^{\circ}C$, their $mean{\pm}SE$ pupal period and emergence rate were $28.4{\pm}1.9$ days and 87%, respectively. However, most individuals raised in cold treatments ($5^{\circ}C$ and $-5^{\circ}C$) without a pre-cooling period did not survive. Individuals exposed to a pre-cooling period, however, had a 7-10 days longer pupal period than those raised at $32^{\circ}C$, and their emergence rate (90%) was slightly higher. Different cold treatment temperatures ($0^{\circ}C$, $3^{\circ}C$, or $5^{\circ}C$) and periods (30 or 60 days) were tested in further experiments. The experimental group kept for 30 days at $0^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$ had the shortest pupal period of all, and emergence rates exceeded 90% in most groups. With respect to the number of eggs spawned by the second generation females after cold treatments, the experimental groups held in cold treatments at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 60 days were found to spawn the most eggs. Consequently, the experimental group kept at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was the most effective set of conditions tested during the entire breeding period.

• 감성과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 써멀 마네킹 실험을 통해서 탄화지르코늄(ZrC) 혼입사로 만들어진 니트와 직물 의류의 발열 특성을 연구하였다. 써멀 마네킹 측정에 의한 감성 및 인지기능 열적특성이 분석되었으며 광발열 실험결과와 비교하였다. ZrC 혼입 직 편물의 표면온도는 일반 PET 직 편물 보다 각각 $4^{\circ}C$와 $2^{\circ}C$ 높은 값을 보였다. 그리고 이들 직 편물 의류의 광조사상태에서 써멀 마네킹 실험에 의한 발열특성을 나타내는 보온성 Clo치는 각각 0.18과 0.08 높은 값을 보였다. 이 결과는 이성분 필라멘트의 심사부에 혼입된 ZrC에서 방사된 원적외선에 기인 된 것을 $6{\mu}m{\sim}20{\mu}m$범위의 원적외선 방사강도 결과와 EDS 원소분석에 의해 확인함으로써 가능하였다. 그리고 ZrC 혼입에 의해 직물의 압축성이 낮아지고 굽힘강성이 높은 값을 보임으로써 촉감 특성은 다소 부족함을 보였다. 그러나 ZrC혼입 직 편물의 발열특성 발현을 써멀 마네킹 측정에 의해 확인함으로써 인텔리전트 의류로서의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

내장형시스템의 복잡도 증가로 인하여 내장형 소프트웨어의 자동생성 및 하드웨어-소프트웨어 통합설계 방법론등이 크게 이슈화되고 있다. 자동화된 설계 방법론에 있어서 공통적인 요구사항은 시스템 설계를 효과적으로 모호성 없이 기술 할 수 있도록 정형화된 설계 언어를 제공하는 것과 설계 언어로 부터 자동으로 원하는 소프트웨어 코드를 생성하는 방법의 개발이다. 본 논문에서는 시스템 기술언어로 ITU-T에 의해 표준으로 권고되어 널리 사용되고 있는 SDL (Specification and Description Language)로부터 실시간 운영체제 uC/OS-II에서 수행될 임베디드 C코드를 자동으로 생성하는 자동화된 방법론을 제시한다. 연구 개발된 자동 내장형 C코드 생성기는 하드웨어-소프트웨어 통합설계환경에서 소프트웨어 설계의 한 축으로 이용될 수 있으며 SDL 시뮬레이터나 검증기를 통하여 개발하고자 하는 code의 기능을 초기 모델 수준에서 평가하고 검증 할 수 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2012

During our on-going studies to identify bioactive compounds in medicinal herbs, we found that saucerneol F (SF), a naturally occurring sesquilignan isolated from Saururus chinensis (S. chinensis), showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we examined the effects of SF on the generation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) dependent leukotriene $C_4$ ($LTC_4$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent prostaglandin $D_2$ ($PGD_2$), and on phospholipase $C{\gamma}1$ ($PLC{\gamma}1$)-mediated degranulation in SCF-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). SF inhibited eicosanoid ($PGD_2$ and $LTC_4$) generation and degranulation dose-dependently. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and degranulation by SF, we examined the effects of SF on the phosphorylation of $PLC{\gamma}1$, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx, the translocation of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) and 5-LO, and on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases (MAPKs). SF was found to reduce intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx by inhibiting $PLC{\gamma}1$ phosphorylation and suppressing the nuclear translocations of $cPLA_2$ and 5-LO via the phosphorylations of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Taken together, these results suggest that SF may be useful for regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses by inhibiting degranulation and eicosanoid generation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase widely expressed in many cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer. Mutations such as L858R in exon 21, exon 19 truncation (Del19), exon 20 insertions, and others are responsible for aberrant activation of EGFR in NSCLC. First-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib have clinical benefits for EGFR-sensitive (L858R and Del19) NSCLC patients. However, after 10-12 months of treatment with these inhibitors, a secondary T790M mutation at the gatekeeper position in the kinase domain of EGFR was identified, which limited the clinical benefits. Second-generation EGFR irreversible inhibitors (afatinib and dacomitinib) were developed to overcome this T790M mutation. However, their lack of selectivity toward wild-type EGFR compromised their clinical benefits due to serious adverse events. Recently developed third-generation irreversible EGFR TKIs (osimertinib and lazertinib) are selective toward driving mutations and the T790M mutation, while sparing wild-type EGFR activity. The latest studies have concluded that their efficacy was also compromised by additional acquired mutations, including C797S, the key residue cysteine that forms covalent bonds with irreversible inhibitors. Because second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs are irreversible inhibitors, they are not effective against C797S containing EGFR triple mutations (Del19/T790M/C797S and L858R/T790M/C797S). Therefore, there is an urgent unmet medical need to develop next-generation EGFR TKIs that selectively inhibit EGFR triple mutations via a non-irreversible mechanism.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2043-2050
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• 2017

This paper presents two MPC (Model Predictive Control) based charging and discharging algorithms of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) for capacity firming of wind generation. To deal with the intermittency of the output of wind generation, a single BESS is employed. The proposed algorithms not only make the output of combined systems of wind generation and BESS track the predefined reference, but also keep the SoC (State of Charge) of BESS within its physical limitation. Since the proposed algorithms are both presented in simple if-then statements which are the optimal solutions of related optimization problems, they are both easy to implement in a real-time system. Finally, simulations of the two strategies are done using a realistic wind farm library and a BESS model. The results on both simulations show that the proposed algorithms effectively achieve capacity firming while fulfilling all physical constraints.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1997

The heat generation of the angular contact and the deep groove ball bearing is studied experimentally and numerically. The temperature variation of the inner and outer races and the temperature increase distribution are measured for the shaft rotational speeds, preloads, viscosities of the lubricant and lubrication methods. The measured temperature distributions are used as the input data of the numerical simulation to estimate the heat generation rate at the bearing. The temperatures of the inner and outer race increase more rapidly and approach faster to their steady values as the rotational speed increases. The optimal viscosity of the oil to minimize the heat generation is 8~10 cSt at 4$0^{\circ}C$ when the oil-air lubrication method is adopted. The heat generation of the bearing increases with the rotational speed and depends more on the lubrication method than on the preload variation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.108-114
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• 1999

In this paper. a new automatic multi=block grid generation technique for general 2D regions is introduced. According to this simple and robust method, the domain of interest is first triangulated by using Delaunay triangulation of boundary points, and then geometric information of those triangles is used to obtain block topology. Once block boundaries are obtained. structured grid for each block is generated such that grid lines have $C^0-continuity$ across inter-block boundaries. In the final step of the present method, an elliptic grid generation method is applied to smoothen grid distribution for each block and also to re-locale the inter-block boundaries, and eventually to achieve a globally smooth multi-block structured grid system with $C^1-continuity$.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.87-88
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• 2010

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2017

미분탄화력발전소에서 사용되는 각종 발전연료의 탄화도에 따른 발열개시온도(CPT;Cross Point Temperature), 발화온도(IT; Ignition temperature) 및 발화온도 승온속도(CPS;Cross Point Slope)는 전기로 내부에 설치된 백금망에 $74{\mu}m$이하 입도의 시료를 넣고 공기분위기, $25^{\circ}C$에서 $600^{\circ}C$까지의 승온조건에서 평가하였다. 발열개시온도 및 발화온도는 탄화도에 대한 의존성이 크지 않은 반면, 발화온도 승온속도는 탄화도에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 탄화도가 낮은 우드펠렛의 발화온도 승온속도는 $20.995^{\circ}C/min$으로 기장 높은 자연발화성을 가지며, 아역청 KIDECO탄은 $15.370^{\circ}C/min$인 반면, 가장 높은 탄화도를 가지는 석유코크스는 $20.950^{\circ}C/min$로 나타냈다. 자연발화 경향성은 석탄 표면의 산화반응에 주요한 변수로서 작용하는 휘발분 함량 및 산소관능기의 농도 뿐만 아니라 촤의 비표면적, 정압몰비열이 높을수록 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다.