• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2016

The ${\beta}$-catenin functions as an adhesion molecule and a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of the Wnt ligand, ${\beta}$-catenin is constantly phosphorylated, which designates it for degradation by the APC complex. This process is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of ${\beta}$-catenin. The level of ${\beta}$-catenin is also controlled by the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase SIAH-1 via a phosphorylation-independent degradation pathway. Similar to ${\beta}$-catenin, STAT3 is responsible for various cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, little is known about how these molecules work together to regulate diverse cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the regulatory relationship between STAT3 and ${\beta}$-catenin in HEK293T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF-4 transcriptional activity was suppressed by phosphorylated STAT3; furthermore, STAT3 inactivation abolished this effect and elevated activated ${\beta}$-catenin levels. STAT3 also showed a strong interaction with SIAH-1, a regulator of active ${\beta}$-catenin via degradation, which stabilized SIAH-1 and increased its interaction with ${\beta}$-catenin. These results suggest that activated STAT3 regulates active ${\beta}$-catenin protein levels via stabilization of SIAH-1 and the subsequent ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of ${\beta}$-catenin in HEK293T cells.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.972-978
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• 2016

MACsec 은 Layer 2에서 동작하는 암호화 기능으로, IEEE 802.1AE에서 정의하고 있는 국제 표준이다. 최근 주목을 받고 있는 IoT(사물인터넷) 와 같은 산업 분야의 장치들이 네트워크에 연결되면서 인터넷 트래픽이 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 다양한 인터넷 공격의 위기에 노출되고 있다. 기존의 네트워크 보안 기술들은 IPsec과 같이 Layer 3에서 이루어지는 경우가 많았다. 그러나 현재와 같이 트래픽이 급격히 증가하고 복잡해지는 상황에서는 특정 응용이나 프로토콜에 대한 보안 대신에 트래픽 전체를 보호하는 기능에 관심을 갖게 된다. 이러한 기술로 등장한 것이 Layer 2에서 트래픽 전체를 보호하는 기술인 MACsec 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 Layer 2 보안 기술인 MACsec을 기존 Layer 2 네트워크에 간편하고 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 기술로서 MACsec 어댑터를 제안한다. 그리고 MACsec의 특징 및 장점을 기술하고 실제 제품을 구현하여 시험을 진행한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome refers to a condition which presents as normal female secondary sex characteristics, normal external genitalia, congenital absence of the internal vagina, usually a rudimentary uterus in the form of bilateral noncanaliculated muscular buds, and normal tubes and ovaries with normal cytogenetic and endocrine evaluation, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other congenital anomalies. However, rarely, whole uterus or a segment of uterus may be present, but lacking a conduit to the introitus. If a partial endometial cavity is present in a segment of uterus, cyclic abdominal pain may be a complaint and furthermore endometiosis can be developed. Recently, we experienced a case of MRKH syndrome with the segments of uterus accompanying endometriosis in young woman. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 1992

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase 생산균주 선발배지를 이용하여 국내 토양으로부터 CGTase 활성이 우수한 Bacillus sp. E1균주를 분리하였다. FPLC를 이용하여 gel filtration과 anion exchange column chromatography를 한 결과 순수 정제된 단일 단백질을 얻을 수 있었으며, 정제된 효소의 최적 작용 pH 범위는 6에서 8까지 였고, 온도는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 최적을 나타냈다. 정제된 단백질의 분자량은 114,000, 등전점은 4.3이었다. 생성된 cyclodextrin은 $\beta$와 $\gamma$-cyclodextrin이 주였으며, 특이하게도 $\alpha$-cyclodextrin은 거의 생성되지 않았다. 작용 후 25시간 후 최대의 $\beta$-cyclodextrin이 생성되었으며, 이때 $\beta$-cyclodextrin과 $\gamma$-cyclodextrin의 생성비율은 7:1이었다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of ${\alpha}-lipoic$ acid, a potent free radical scavenger, on the expression of active form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK1/2) proteins from hindlimb muscles of rats following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Material and methods: 64 health, $280{\sim}350\;g$ weighted Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. In order to make a muscle flap, the gastrocnemius (GC) and soleus (SOL) muscles were dissected and elevated. The popliteal artery was occluded for 4hours and reperfused for 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Results: The ischemia by occlusion of the popliteal artery itself caused a minimal change in expression of phosphorylated form of proteins observed in hindlimb muscle. In contrast, after 4 hours of ischemia, immunoreactivity for pERK1/2 in the GC muscle showed dual peaks at 10 minutes and 4 hours after reperfusion. In ${\alpha}-lipoic$ acid treated group, the expression of pERK1/2 was increased significantly compared to I/R-only group. Conclusion: These results suggest that ${\alpha}-lipoic$ acid may protect I/R injury of the skeletal muscle through free radical scavening and activation of intracellular pERK1/2 expression.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2018

Up-to-date artificial insemination (AI) using frozen sperm consider as the most widely using technology for improvement of Korean Native Cow (Hanwoo) embryo production. However, it is time consuming, required at least 15~20 years to make more than 6 generations, and their offspring number is limited. To overcome such limitations, superovulation and in vitro fertilization have been developed. For superovulation, the number of produced embryos are not enough for commercialization and donor cows need rest period. This led to use of slaughterhouse ovary for in vitro fertilization, but it is impossible to repeat the collection from the same individual and it only can improve the genetic merits of offspring for one generation. Production of embryos using Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) technique, where oocytes can be repeatedly collected from living elite donor, might overcome these limitations. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using OPU technique from donors at different age and different session periods for mass-embryo-production. Oocytes were collected from 26 donor cows twice per week, 3 - 4 months per year, between 2013 and 2016. Results showed that, the average number of embryo produced in first year used donor was significantly higher than that in second year used donor ($3.89{\pm}2.85$ vs $3.29{\pm}2.70$), however, there was no significant difference between third year used donor ($3.51{\pm}3.32$) and other groups. Taken together, our data showed that repeated using of donor up to three years is possible for in vitro embryo mass-production. Moreover, OPU can be used as suitable embryo producing technique for livestock breed improvement.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

지리산국립공원(智異山國立公園)의 도로(道路) 비탈면을 대상(對象)으로 물리적(物理的) 환경(環境)이 지닌 시각적(視覺的) 질(質)을 계량적(計量的) 접근방법(接近方法)으로 분석하여 합리적인 계획(計劃), 설계(設計) 및 보전관리(保全管理)에 필요한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제시하는 것을 목적(目的)으로, 도로(道路) 비탈면 구성요소의 물리량을 Mesh 분석법(分析法)에 의하여 측정(測定)하였다 또한 심리량 분석(分析)을 위해 S.D Scale을 측정하고 인지분석 Algorithm을 통하여 물리적 환경(環境)의 공간(空間) 이미지 구조(構造)를 밝혔으며, 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度)를 측정하여 결정인자(決定因子) 추출(抽出)과 각(各) 인자(因子) 상호간(相互間) 중요성(重要性)을 규명하였다. Mesh 분석(分析)에 의한 시각량조사(視覺量調査) 결과(結果), 각(各) 지점 공(共)히 이지(裡地)와 암석 비탈면, seed spray 등에 의한 지피식생지(池被植生地), 인공식생지등(人工植生地等)이 상대적으로 높은 측정치를 보였다. 국립공원(國立公園) 도로비탈면의 공간 이미지를 함축하는 변인(變因)은 종합평가(綜合評價) 차원(次元), 공간적(空間的) 차원(次元), 호감성(好感性) 차원(次元), 물리적(物理的) 차원(次元), 개방적(開放的) 차원(次元) 및 품격(品格) 차원(次元) 등 6개 인자군(因子群)으로 분석되었으며, 공간적 차원, 물리적 차원 및 개방성 차원(次元)의 인자가 공간 이미지를 대표하는 인자군으로 나타났다. 비탈면 경관(景觀)에 대한 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度)를 결정(決定)짓는 주요(主要) 설명변수는 비탈면내 구조물의 유지관리정도와 비탈면내의 주변 경관과의 어울림과 조화(調和)로움, 비탈면내 인공식생(人工植生)과 구조물(構造物) 등(等)으로 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度) 결정(決定)의 주요(主要) 설명변수로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to provide pollutant loads delivery ratio for flow duration in Oenam-cheon watershed, which is upstream watershed of Juam Lake. To calculate the delivery ratio by flow duration, rating curves and discharge-loads curves using measured data were established, then Flow Duration Curve(FDC) and pollutant loads delivery ratio curves were constructed. The results show that the delivery ratios for $BOD_5$ for abundant flow($Q_{95}$), ordinary flow($Q_{185}$), low flow($Q_{275}$), and drought flow($Q_{355}$) were 23.9, 12.7, 7.1, and 2.9%, respectively. The delivery ratios of same flow regime for T-N were 58.4, 31.2, 17.2 and 7.1%, respectively. While, the delivery ratios T-P were 17.3, 7.5, 3.4, and 1.1% respectively. In general, delivery ratio of high flow condition showed higher value due to the influence of nonpoint source pollution. Based on the study results, generalized equations were developed for delivery ratio and discharge per unit area, which could be used for ungaged watershed with similar pollution sources.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

산불에 대한 피해액과 피해 면적은 전 세계적으로 커지고 있지만 피해 후 복원 방법에 따른 효과연구는 부족한 현실이다. 본 연구는 Sentinel-2B 위성 영상과 임상도를 활용하여 산불 피해 면적을 산출하고, 임상에 따른 산불 피해 강도를 분석하였다. 또한, 다양한 파장대를 활용하여 식생지수를 계산하고, 이를 토대로 복원 방법에 따른 식생 회복력을 -1.0에서 1.0 범위 내에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 침엽수림 비율이 높은 지역에서 높은 강도의 산불 피해가 발생하였고, 상대적으로 혼효림과 활엽수림의 비율이 높은 지역에서 낮은 강도의 산불 피해 경향을 보였다. 산불 발생 이후 인공림과 천연림에서의 식생 회복률을 분석한 결과, 인공림은 산불 발생 이전 대비 약 92%, 천연림은 약 101% 식생을 회복하였으며 인공림보다 천연림에서 식생 회복력이 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 임상에 따른 산불 피해 강도를 분석하고 복원 방법에 따른 식생 회복력을 평가함으로써 산불 피해를 줄이기 위한 수목 선정에 기초자료를 제공하고 복원방법에 따른 식생회복력을 비교하는데 의의가 있다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is produced from Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM is a kind of resin extracted from the stem and leaves, has been used for many centuries in many Mediterranean countries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers. CGM is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the alteration of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis following CGM treatment of HL-60 cells. The viability of the HL-60 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Hoechst staining and DNA electrophoresis were employed to detect HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses were also employed. CGM treatment of HL-60 cells was found to result in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and apoptotic cell death. Tested HL-60 cells showed a variety of apoptotic manifestations and induced the downregulation of G1 cell cycle-related proteins. Taken collectively, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly induces G1 cell cycle arrest via the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and also apoptosis via proteasome, mitochondrial and caspase cascades in HL-60 cells. Hence, we provide evidence that a natural product, CGM could be considered as a novel therapeutic for human leukemia.