• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2000

The scroll compressor used for heat pump has a wide range of operation condition. To cover both heating and cooling modes, the operating Pressure ratio ranges from 1.5 to 6.8. Since the scroll compressor, however, is a type of compressor whose pressure ratio is fixed, some loss in the compression work is caused by the operation at the pressure ratio different from the built-in pressure ratio. A way of avoiding this problem is to introduce by-Pass holes in compression chambers, so that the compressed gas of pressure higher than the discharge pressure, yet not reached to the discharge port can be released earlier through the by-Pass holes. In this paper, an optimum Positioning of the by-Pass hole and the effect of the by-pass valve on the compressor performance are studied.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2016

The present study has been carried out to analyze the flow characteristics with geometric shape and control conditions in subsea by-pass valve. The function of by-pass valve is to prevent reverse flow. In this study, the static analysis has been perform for analyzing fluid flow in open state. In order to consider the turbulent effect, the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model was used. A variety of parametric studies, such as by-pass valve type or size, volume flow rate, leakage hole size, leakage hole position, block type, block shape, were performed. The pressure difference across the valve in the model broadened the flow channel cross-sectional area was greater than the base model for the same operating conditions. As the pipe diameter in the block decreases the pressure difference is greatly increased. The pressure difference according to block shape such as edge type and round was almost negligible. For the same Reynolds number the pressure difference was little changed according to the size of the valve.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.2189-2194
• /
• 2009

The automatic hot gas by-pass technique is applied to control the capacity of refrigeration and air-conditioning system when operating at part load. In the scheme, the hot gas from the compressor is extracted and injected into the outlet of an evaporator through a hot gas by-pass valve. Thus, In this paper, the hot gas by-pass scheme for CO2 is discussed and analyzed on the basis of mass and energy conservation law. A comparative study of the schemes is performed in terms of the coefficiency of performance (COP) and cooling capacity. The operating parameters considered in this study include compressor efficiency, superheating degree, outlet temperature of gas cooler and evaporating temperature in the R744 vapor compression cycle. The main results were summarized as follows : the superheating degree, outlet temperature and evaporating temperature of R744 vapor compression refrigeration system have an effect on the cooling capacity and COP of this system. With a thorough grasp of these effect, it is necessary to design the compression refrigeration cycle using R744.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2006

The swirl ratio of a charge in the cylinder was estimated by calculating the ratio of the rotary speed of charge which could be simulated from the rotary speed of paddle in the swirl measurement apparatus, to the engine speed which could be calculated by measuring intake air flow rate. The automation of the swirl ratio measurement for cylinder head was achieved by controling both valve lift in cylinder head and a suction pressure of surge tank using two step-motors. The number of measurement position for calculating mean swirl ratio was varied by adjusting the interval of valve lift. The mean swirl ratio with varying the number of measurement position showed nearly constant value. Two measurement methods for measuring the swirl ratio were compared, one was to control the suction pressure of the surge tank with PID (proportional, integral, differential) mode with by-pass valve controlled by the step motor and the other did not control the surge tank pressure by fixing the by-pass valve. The difference of the mean swirl ratio between the two measurement methods showed nearly constant value with varying the number of measurement position. This means that the w/o PID control method could be preferred to the PID control method which has been used, due to the simpleness of the swirl measurement.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.12a
• /
• pp.687-690
• /
• 2004

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.968-973
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an electromagnetic design for the magneto-rheological fluid valve. The MR valve can control high-level fluid power without moving parts, due to the apparent viscosity controllability of the MR fluid in magnetic fields. In order to improve the static characteristic of the MR valve, the length of the flux path is decreased by removing the unnecessary bulk of the yoke. Then, in order to improve the dynamic and hysteretic characteristics, the magnetic reluctance of the ferromagnetic material is increased by minimizing the cross sectional area through which the flux passes. Two MR valves, one is a conventional type valve and the other is the proposed one, were fabricated and performance evaluation is experimentally achieved through the comparison study using by-pass damper system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2001

This paper presents an of a brake pressure restriction valve to a motorcycle anti-lock brake system(ABS). In the conventional anti-lock brake system of automobiles, slip ratio as a control variable is actively controlled, which requires wheel speed sensors, ECU, and a pressure modulator. In the ABS valve that has been developed for use in motorcycles, however, the brake pressure that is close to the wheel locking pressure is preset by simple exercises and then the valve just allows to pass the wheel locking pressure and cutoff the remaining pressure. Simulation studies with a single wheel braking dynamics and lumped chassis model show that the pressure restriction valve has basic ABS functions as well as some robustness properties for the uncertain load and road conditions as well as various initial braking speeds. Field tests also show that the pressure restriction valve avoids the wheel locking effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 1997

In this paper, a theoretical method is presented to design a hydraulic control valve system that consist of an important component in the hydraulic snubber. The hydraulic snubber is used essentially to support the piping systems at power plants. To calculate the force due to pressure drop and flow rate in the valve orifice and by-pass hole, Bernoulli equation is used. The Reynolds equation are numerically analyzed in the clearance gap between the valve cone and valve seat to estimate the friction force and leakage flow rate. Based on the detailed theoretical data, we developed successfully the hydraulic snubber for power plants.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 1998

The knock in a spark ignition engine has been investigated to avoid the damage to the engine and unpleasant feeling caused by the pressure waves propagating across the combustion chamber. Knock intensity and knock onset angle were used as physical parameters to quantify the knock characteristics. The knock intensity is defined as a peak to peak value of the bank pass filtered combustion pressure signal and the knock onset angle is determined as the crank angle at which this signal exceeded the threshold level on each cycle. The cyclic variation of knock in four valve single cylinder engine was investigated with these two parameters. The location of autoignition was also examined by ion probes in the cylinder head gasket and squish region in the combustion chamber. For this measurement, a single cylinder engine was modified to accept the pressure transducer, 18 ion probes in the squish region and 8 ion probes in the specially designed PCB (Printed \ulcornerCircuit Board) cylinder head gasket.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1993.11a
• /
• pp.210-212
• /
• 1993

In this paper, a silicon microvalve has been fabricated using micromachining technology. The valve consists of the several thin silicon diaphragms which are designed to open and close depending on the pressure difference. It is supposed to pass fluids in only one direction. The thin diaphragms are fabricated by boron etch stop using an anisotropic etchant, EPW. The fabricated valve has been tested for various pneumatic pressure. According to the experimental results, the slit width of the valve increases as the pneumatic pressure increases.