• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.437-448
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• 1999

The reheating of the billet in the semi-solid state as quickly and homogeneously as possible is one of the most imposrtant parts. To obtain a fine globular microstructure in cross section of billet, the optimal design of the induction coil for variation of alloys and specimen sizes is necessary. For the thixo-forging process the construction of the reheating data base is very important, because the reheating conditions are different for variation of SSM and billet sizes. So in this study, the optimal coil design of A356 (ALTHIX) and Aι2024 with d×ι=60×90 (mm) to obtain the globular microstructure is theoretically proposed. The suitability of an optimal coil design will be demonstrated by reheating experiments. Finally, the thixoformability of an arbitrarily shaped product is evaluated by its forming variables. The defects and mechanical properties are also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.535-538
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• 2008

Insert-injection molding can inject two different materials or two colors in the same mold and process. If this injection process use, product has ability because the base part maintain strength and specified part can inject soft-material. It makes the cost down by single operation automatically for saving wages. In this paper, we designed double-injection mold for automobile remote control to inject secondary using this part as insert after inject external appearance of product. CAE analysis was progressed gate location and runner size as variable and analysis result is reflected in mold design process. As a result, it could solved badness that is generated at the conventional mold. Additionally, cost is downed by reducing loss of runner as well as could omit painting process because surface of finished product is improved through new mold.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.62-76
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify apparel consumers' immoral shopping behaviors from apparel retail sales associates' perspectives. As a first step to understand immoral consumer behaviors in apparel retail setting, the study took an exploratory approach using five focus-group interviews with 35 apparel salespeople. The immoral behavior of fashion (product) consumers was divided into two categories: one was the immoral behavior associated with the product, and the other was the immoral behavior relative to the consumer. The immoral behavior associated with the product was classified into three types: shoplifting, inappropriate returns, and damaging to merchandise. Immoral behavior relative to the consumer was classified into two types: abusive behavior by a consumer toward sales associates and excessive demand. Although, shoplifting was the primary immoral behavior mentioned by all interview participants, most sales associates failed to recognize shoplifting as a serious criminal behavior. Another commonly mentioned immoral consumer behaviors was retail borrowing, which may pose serious problems to the fashion industry. The findings of this study will provide a basis for approaches that may help decrease immoral consumer behavior at fashion retail stores and provide a basis for developing materials for consumer education over the long term.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.606-624
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• 2018

Patent infringement is defined as implementing a whole patent product without authorization, which is called literal infringement. However, the alleged infringer sometimes does not directly produce the same product with the patented invention, but they simply replace some claimed elements with new materials, or they only produce a certain part of the patent product. Therefore, there is an issue on whether the above cases should also be deemed as patent infringement. This paper uses specific cases to analyze the formation and development process of the doctrine of equivalents and indirect infringement theory in Japan. Then, by discussing the interpretation of Article 101 of the current Japanese patent law, this paper makes it clear that whether it constitutes direct or indirect infringement in some particular cases. The objective of this paper is to clarify the specific requirements of patent infringement under Japanese patent law by case studying and comparing with the patent legal system of China.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.5 s.73
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

An equal-molar mixture of silver chloride (AgCl) and copper (Cu) was ground in atmosphere conditions using a planetary ball mill to investigate mechanochemical (MC) reaction for preparation of silver powders. The reaction causes the mixture of AgCl and Cu to change the composition of the mixture, such as silver (Ag) and cuprous chloride (CuCl). Through the leaching with ammonium hydroxide solution (1 mol), CuCl can be separated from MC product, so that pure Ag powders can be obtained as the final product. Moreover, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as the additive not only to improve dispersion of Ag pow- der during MC process, but also to control surface oxidation of Ag powders, prepared as the final product.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.257-262
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• 2012

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of the carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been major issue in nuclear industry. Rotating cylinder FAC test facility was designed and fabricated and then performance of the facility was evaluated. The facility is very simple in design and economic in fabrication and can be used in material and chemistry screening test. The facility is equipped with on line monitoring of pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen(DO), and temperature. Fluid velocity is controlled with rotating speed of the cylinder with a test specimen. FAC test of SA106 Gr. B carbon steel under 4 m/s flow velocity was performed with the rotating cylinder at DO concentration of less than 1 ppb and of 1.3 ppm. Also a corrosion test of the carbon steel at static condition, that is at zero fluid velocity, of test specimen and solution was performed at pH from 8 to 10 for comparison with the FAC data. For corrosion test in static condition, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was almost constant at pH ranging from 8 to 10. But adherent corrosion product decreased with increasing pH. This trend is consistent with decrease of Fe solubility with an increase in pH. For FAC test with rotating cylinder FAC test facility, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was also almost same for both DO concentrations. The rotating cylinder FAC test facility will be further improved by redesigning rotating cylinder and FAC specimen geometry for future work.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.752-761
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• 2020

This study analyzes the type of preferred shopping items based on tourism shopping value pursued by tourists through shopping at travel destinations as well as verifies their impact on satisfaction. A survey on 310 adult men and women aged 20 to 69 collected data samples representing tourism shoppers in Korea. Based on the collected data, a factor analysis and a structural model equation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS. Tourism shopping value was divided into functional value, emotional value, exploratory value, and shared value. In addition, shopping items were categorized as physical materials and experience materials to identify the difference in preferred item types according to the value that tourists perceive. It also confirmed the adjustment effect of tourism motivation that affects tourism shopping behavior. According to the analysis results, the more tourists perceive functional and emotional values when shopping, the more physical material they prefer, and the more they perceive exploratory values, the higher the preference for experience goods. However, the shared value affected both physical materials and experience materials. Based on escape-seeking motivation, the adjustment effect of tourism motivation (a major variable to understand the behavior of tourists) on tourism shopping behavior was confirmed. Based on the academic and practical implications of this study, we hope to broaden our understanding of tourism shopping and revitalize research on tourism shopping.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the traditional shopping model and virtual avatar fitting model with regards to credibility and favorable impression effects on shopping mall satisfaction, product preferences, and purchasing intentions of apparel e-commerce. Questionnaires are distributed to 10-30s years old consumers who live in Seoul. Data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and regression analysis. The results are that the provoked credibility and favorable impression from the traditional shopping model affects the consumers' shopping mall satisfaction and buying intention in descending order. In additional, the credibility from traditional shopping model affects the product preference. The provoked credibility from the virtual fitting model influences the consumers' product preferences, and buying intentions. The favorable impression from the virtual fitting model affects shopping mall satisfaction. In general, provoked credibility from virtual avatar fitting model and traditional shopping model play key roles which could influence the consumers' buying intention.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.108-125
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the technical pattern and product characteristics of outdoor sportswear marketed in Northern Europe and North America. Based on the results of this study, we wanted to provide practical data on the characteristics of products with high functionality and fashionability for developing outdoor sportswear. Therefore, in this study, technical pattern, textiles, details, sewing, compatibility with wearable devices, and certification of 33 marketed outdoor sportswear were analyzed. After analyzing various technical patterns, the bent arm pattern using two-piece panel and a raised arm pattern connecting the side seam with the inner seam of the sleeve appeared on the top. Additionally, the patterns of bent legs with darts in the knee, cutting the posterior, and inserting the gusset in the crotch were mainly seen in the bottoms. By analyzing product characteristics, ergonomic pattern design for easy activity and functional materials was used for climate adaptation in extreme outdoor wear. On the other hand, for outdoor wear meant for trekking or hiking, details, such as portability and easy storage, were considered. Eco-friendly materials were used while ensuring light weight and comfort. Furthermore, for convenience of life, safety, and health, wearable devices were integrated into the outdoor sportswear. Eco-friendly green certification of outdoor products was obtained for the labor environment and production process, and relevant information was provided to consumers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.692-704
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• 2023

This study analyzed 214 sports knee braces found on Chinese websites between October 2022 and November 2022 to assess product type (impact protection material, fastening method, and protection method), material composition, size, weight, and main characteristics. The product type was further categorized according to (1) use of hard guard and soft guard protection method; (2) cover type, strap type, and slip-on type fastening method; and (3) pressure type and support type protection method. It also noted the physical shock protection materials used, including foam (EVA or polyurethane) attached to joints as a buffer material and plastic (TPU or PP) that protects the user's knee from external impacts. The study found that the materials that primarily comprise sports knee braces are a combination of nylon, polyester, and neoprene. Additionally, it found that most sports knee braces available on the market are available in three sizes based on knee circumference: M (35-38cm), L (38-41cm), and XL (41-44cm), while some products are available in one size only. Furthermore, the majority of the 214 products studied weighed 200g, followed by 1,000g. Finally, in terms of product characteristics, many sports knee braces utilize ring-shaped silicone pads to distribute the load pressure on the knees or incorporate sturdy adhesive velcro to improve knee stability.