• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2004

Even though B2B EC is becoming popular, there have been not so much studies about performance evaluation methodology for B2B systems. In this paper, after analyzing buyer-carts systematically focusing on the buyer's interactional efforts on the typical buying processes of each buyer-cart, we propose a quantitative performance evaluation model. For this, we categorize buyer-carts in B2B EC as s-cart, i-cart, and b-cart depending upon its residing sites: seller, intermediary, and buyer sites. And after proposing the desired features of buyer-carts in B2B EC as identification, collection, trashing, ordering, payment, tracking, recording, purchasing decision support, and transmission of records to e-procurement systems, we derive a performance evaluation model by calculating detail sub-processes from the desired features' viewpoints. By setting variables from a survey on the actual condition of using buyer-carts in companies in Korea, we try to evaluate the performance of buyer-carts in B2B EC. In this paper, we suggest a new methodology of performance evaluation for B2B systems, and show that the b-cart platform is more efficient than other buyer-carts especially in B2B EC.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.12
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• pp.39-64
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• 1999

Under the CISG, there is a unequitable factor in comparing buyer's remedy with seller's remedy. In my opinion, CISG is more unequitable remedy clause than UCC or UNIDROIT principle of International Commercial Contract(1994) between seller and buyer. First, buyer who accepted defect goods must give seller notice the facts that seller delivered defect goods in two years after accepting defect goods. The cap of two year is unreasonable in a position of aggrieved buyer. This is being provided as 'within reasonable time' in UCC and there is no such provision in UNIDROIT Principle. Second, Buyer can avoid contract when seller breached fundamentally contract or seller didn't set a additional performance period about breaching of contract. Accordingly if buyer would not set a additional performance period, although seller's breachment of contract, he could not avoid the contract. Therefore, From a viewpoint of aggrieved buyer avoidable right of contract is restrainted. Third, to compare seller's remedy with buyer's, seller have more opportunity to cure breachment of contract than buyer. Under the CISG buyer is relatively placed at disadvantage in remedy of aggrieved party. In connection with remedy of aggrieved party, 'UNIDROIT principle of international commercial contracts' instead seller and buyer of aggrieved party, so there is not unequitable factor in remedy of aggrieved parties.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.3-23
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• 2005

This paper object is application of electronic Customers Relationship Management(e-CRM) for buyer relationship commitment in korea export firms. So, I'd like to suggest some applications of e-CRM needed to strengthen the export firms in korea. These applications are as follows First, the export companies are required to e-CRM logical architecture that is needs to achievement of buyer relationship commitment. Second, Buyer data source is classify in to three large group by outside data, transaction data and support data. Third, a concept and function of buyer information database. Fourth, e-CRM campaign management for export marketing. Fifth, interaction of buyer and customizing. finally, a point to be considered of korea export companies are national character, data mining out of buyer information database, difference of data gathering and sustaining up date of buyer's new information.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.270-276
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the buyer's joint pricing and lot-sizing model in a two-stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, the buyer and the customer. It is assumed that the supplier will permit a certain fixed period for settling the amount the buyer owes to him for the items supplied in order to stimulate the demand for the product. Generally, credit transactions would have a positive effect to the buyer. The availability of credit transactions from the supplier effectively reduces the cost of holding stocks for the buyer and therefore, the buyer has a lot of price options to choose his sales price for a customer in anticipation of increased the customer's demand and, as a result, it will appear to increase the buyer's inventory levels. On the other hand, in the case of decaying products in which their utility decay over time, the decaying rate with time may be expected to reduce inventory levels. In this regard, we need to analyze how much the length of credit period and the decaying rate affect the buyer's pricing and lot-sizing policy. For the analysis, we consider the situation where the customer's demand is represented as a linearly decreasing function of the buyer's sales price. From this perspective, we formulate the buyer's annual net profit and analyze the effect of the length of credit period and decaying rate of the product on the buyer's inventory policy numerically.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2006

Supply chain management (SCM) has been regarded as one of the most critical issues in the current business environment. Moreover, supply chain partnerships between suppliers and buyers in SCM have had a significant impact on supply chain performance. In this paper, we conduct a quantitative analysis for supplier-buyer's profit sharing and pricing policies based on supply chain partnerships. For this purpose, we assume that a two echelon supply chain with a single supplier and a single buyer is given and the buyer faces deterministic demand which is not only a function of buyer's selling price, but also strictly decreasing, concave, and twice differentiable function. Then we will prove the following. Firstly, without supply chain partnerships, there exist supplier and buyer's selling prices per unit such that their total profits are maximized, under the assumption that buyer's order quantity is exactly equal to the demand buyer faced. Secondly, buyer's selling price per unit which maximizes supply chain's total profit with supply chain partnerships is lower than buyer's selling price per unit which maximizes buyer's total profit without supply chain partnerships. Thirdly, given supplier's selling price per unit. buyer's total profit without supply chain part nerships is greater than that with supply chain partnerships, whereas the opposite case happens for supplier's total profit. Finally, there exists supplier's selling price per unit which makes the maximum total profits for both supplier and buyer with supply chain partnerships greater than those obtained for any given supplier's selling price per unit without supply chain partnerships.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.74
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances. Article 38 lays down a fundamental principle that requires the buyer to examine quickly the goods delivered by the seller. Article 38 (1) provides that the examination be made within as short a period as practicable in the circumstances. The goods have to be examined within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances. The rule is based on the fundamental idea of reasonableness, meaning that the buyer must examine the goods as soon as reasonably possible. It may be said that the buyer should act reasonably fast. Article 38 (2), (3) concerns sales involving carriage of the goods, where the seller's obligation to deliver consists in handing the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. In this case the buyer is generally able to examine the goods only after they have come to destination. Article 38 (3) takes into account the case where the buyer redirects the goods in transit or re-dispatches them to another destination. Redirection in transit occurs when the destination is changed before the goods are received by the buyer. The buyer could re-dispatch the goods without having them unloaded, or re-dispatch them through another carrier.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.77-94
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• 2005

This paper object is application of electronic Customers Relationship Management(e-CRM) for buyer relationship commitment in korea export firms. So, I'd like to suggest some applications of e-CRM needed to strengthen the export firms in korea. These applications are as follows First, the export companies are required to e-CRM logical architecture that is needs to achievement of buyer relationship commitment. Second, Buyer data source is classify in to three large group by outside data, transaction data and support data. Third, a concept and function of buyer information database. Fourth, e-CRM campaign management for export marketing. Fifth, interaction of buyer and customizing. finally, a point to be considered of korea export companies are national character, data mining out of buyer information database, difference of data gathering and sustaining up date of buyer's new information.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

Buyer-carts to support the purchasing process in the B2B EC platform, can be categorized as s-cart, i-cart, and b-cart depending upon its residing sites : seller, intermediary, and buyer sites. In this paper, after proposing the desired features of buyer-carts in B2B EC as identification, collection, trashing, ordering, payment, tracking, recording, purchasing decision support, and transmission of records to e-procurement systems, we try to analyze each buyer-cart qualitatively from such viewpoints. Moreover, we propose an efficiency evaluation model for quantitative analysis. By setting variables from interview of employees in 30 listed companies In Korea, we try to evaluate the efficiency of buyer-carts in B2B EC. From this paper, we show that the b-cart platform is more efficient than other buyer-carts especially in B2B EC.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.95-124
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• 2012

Referring to Buyer's obligations, the Buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. There are vital importances to the Buyer's Fundamental Breach. The legal effects of a breach of contract do not depend on the nature of the obligation broken, but on the consequences of the breach the detriment to the other party. The obligations mentioned to Article 53 are primary obligations which are to be fulfilled in the normal performance of the contract. They include a number of different acts which could be seen as the subject-matter of different obligations. CISG gives further details for the payment of the price in Articles 54 to 59 and for taking delivery in Article 60. The buyer has to take delivery at the respective place within a reasonable period after this communication since he cannot be required to take delivery immediately. Refusing to take delivery in case of delay not constituting a ground for avoiding the contract makes no sense, since this would lead to even later delivery. For the understanding of Buyer's Fundamental Breach, We need to search the Cases referring to the breach of buyer's main obligations.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.5
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• pp.7-44
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• 1993

This study is focused on the review of buyer's remedy resulting from the breach of seller's duty in contracts for the international sale of goods focusing on UNCCIS, 1980 and the problems and suggestions of proper ideas for solving the problems. First problem on the buyer's remedy is related to the breach of seller's duty on del ivory of the contracted goods. When seller has failed to deliver the contracted goods to buyer within the stipulated periods, buyer can treat the contract as avoided and claim damages from seller. By the way, since UNCCIS does not provide any stipulation on the time of buyer's avoidance of the contract, buyer can delay the time of avoidance when the price of contracted goods is rising rapidly and enlarge the amount of damages, Since this stipulation is clearly unreasonable, proper solutions are required for UNCCIS. Second problem is related to the breach of seller's duty on deliver of goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packged in the manner required by the contract. When seller has failed to deliver goods which are confirm with the contract, buyer may have one of the two rights of damages and the price reduction according to UNCCIS provided that he does not choose the avoidance. But, since the character and position of the price reduction as a buyer's remedy are not sufficient solutions, more detailed review on this point is required. Third, Seller's duty to provide documents is very important for overseas trade, but UNCCIS does not provide any specific buyer's remedy in comparison with the other remedy and also does not provide any stipulation on the Letter of Credit which have important roles for a device of setting payment in overseas trade. This means that trade customs and practice have not sufficiently reflected in UNCCIS. As the problems mentioned above may decrease the evaluation of buyer's remedy in UNCCIS and, furthermore, that of UNCCIS itself, proper solutions on these points are needed.